Development of Breathable Films from Blends of Low-Density Polyethylene and Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomer

2019 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Nattakarn Hongsriphan ◽  
Sutheekarn Dang-Arsa ◽  
Kantapong Saklo ◽  
Thanphisit Thongsima
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Roll Temperature ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Interphase Boundaries ◽  
Roll Velocity ◽  
Tear Resistance

The main drawback of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film for packaging of fresh fruit or vegetables is low moisture breathability. This study developed breathable films by blending LDPE with thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE). LDPE and TPEE in the weight ratios of 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40 wt% were melt blended and then extruded into films using a cast film extruder. Clarity of films was characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Tensile properties, tear resistance, the degree of crystallinity, and morphology of blend films were evaluated. Water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) was investigated using a desiccant method. The prepared films were transparent. However, the UV-VIS transmittance was reduced slightly. Blending TPEE of more than 10 wt% reduced the modulus but increased elongation at break. It did not impact on the tensile strength of the blends. Since LDPE and TPEE are immiscible, applied stress during extrusion pulled them apart at the interphase boundaries creating micro-pores. As a result, these micro-pores reduce tear resistance significantly but increase WVTR of the blend films. Using a blend ratio of 90/10 wt%, the effect of chill-roll temperature and nip-roll velocity on film properties were studied. It was found that nip-roll velocity had more influence on WVTR than chill-roll temperature due to elongation of the pores.

The Effects of Stearic Acid (SA) on the Thermal and Physical Properties of LLDPE/DS Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Abduati Elnaid ◽  
Rosniza Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Gel Content ◽  
Hemicellulose Removal ◽  
Natural Filler ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Different Content

In this study, polymer composites were synthesized from date seeds (DS) powder as natural filler and low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) as polymer matrix. This composite was exposed into chemical modification using different content of Stearic Acid (SA) (3, 6 and 9 wt.%). The composite was fabricated by using the process of extrusion and injection molding respectively. The prepared samples were examined using TGA, DSC, FTIR, and Gel Content test. It can be clearly observed that all the treated samples have presented three-steps of decomposition as shown in TGA curves. It is also observed that the Tm, Tc, and degree of crystallinity of the modified LLDPE/DS biocomposites increased as SA increase. Thr FTIR spectra have shown different type of stretching bands, the band at 3346 - 3347 cm-1 appeared because of hydroxyle (OH) groups that is described as a hydrophilicity measure. Beside, there was a minor decrease on the peak between 3346 and 3347 cm-1 of modified composite, whichwas attributed to the hemicellulose removal from the modified composite. The gel content of the treated mples increased due to the increase of crosslinking between DS and LLDPE in existence of SA.

The synthesis of organically modified layered double hydroxide and its effect on the structure and physical properties of low-density polyethylene/ethylene–vinyl acetate blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
Xincheng Guo ◽  
Mengqi Tang ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Lingtong Li ◽  
Yifan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Organically modified layered double hydroxide (OM-LDH) was synthesized via anion exchange reaction and potassium monolauryl phosphate (MAPK) was used as an intercalator. The OM-LDH nanofillers were embedded into low-density polyethylene/ethylene–vinyl acetate (LDPE/EVA) via melt blending process which provided LDPE/EVA/OM-LDH nanocomposites. The structure and properties of the fabricated samples were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. The results showed that the organic anion was intercalated into the interlayer region of LDH and enlarged the interlayer distance. The TGA results of the nanocomposites showed significantly improved thermal stability at a higher temperature when containing 6 wt% OM-LDH due to the good dispersion of OM-LDH in the matrix. The DSC data indicated that the degree of crystallinity was increased obviously due to the incorporation of OM-LDH in the matrix. The formation of organic side chains on the OM-LDH surface also contributed to an improvement in the interfacial adhesion, resulting in enhanced tensile strength and elongation at break compared with LDH.

Highly oriented single-phase blend films of high- and low-density polyethylene

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 2546-2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Decai C. Yang ◽  
Jean M. Brady ◽  
Edwin L. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Blend Films

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Drawing Process on Mechanical Properties of Dry-Jet Wet Spun Fiber of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jong Won Kim ◽  
Joon Seok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Crystallinity Degree

Polyethylene is one of the most commonly used polymer materials. Even though linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) has better mechanical properties than other kinds of polyethylene, it is not used as a textile material because of its plastic behavior that is easy to break at the die during melt spinning. In this study, LLDPE fibers were successfully produced with a new approach using a dry-jet wet spinning and a heat drawing process. The fibers were filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to improve the strength and reduce plastic deformation. The crystallinity, degree of orientation, mechanical properties (strength to yield, strength to break, elongation at break, and initial modulus), electrical conductivity, and thermal properties of LLDPE fibers were studied. The results show that the addition of CNTs improved the tensile strength and the degree of crystallinity. The heat drawing process resulted in a significant increase in the tensile strength and the orientation of the CNTs and polymer chains. In addition, this study demonstrates that the heat drawing process effectively decreases the plastic deformation of LLDPE.

scholarly journals Effects of Flame Retardants Additives on the Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Raed Ma'ali
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Flame Resistance

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has many unique properties such as lightweight and high chemical resistance. Unfortunately, it burns rapidly when it is exposed to a flame which limits its applications especially when flame resistance is to be considered. Different percentages of magnesium hydroxide and decabromide diphenyl ether (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 wt.%) were mixed with LDPE using a two-roll mill machine at 1600C for 2 minutes. Then, the tensile and flame retardancy tests samples were prepared by an injection molding process using an industrial plastic machine at 1600C. Flammability, rheological, tensile and thermal properties of the produced samples were tested using a flammability test apparatus, a melt flow index machine, a universal testing machine, and a differential scanning calorimeter, respectively. It was observed that the flame resistance of LDPE was improved with the addition of both flame retardants up to 7.0 wt.%, then it was reduced when 9.0 wt.% of flame retardants were used. This may be attributed to the poor mixing due to the increase in the polymer melt viscosity as observed from the melt flow index results. An increase in elastic modulus and a reduction in ductility of LDPE were observed with the increasing of flame-retardant contents while the ultimate tensile strength of LDPE was increased from 5.7 to 7.6 and 7.5 MPa when 9.0 wt.% and 7.0wt.% decabromide diphenyl ether and magnesium hydroxide were added. This is due to the fact that the additives act as a load carried and/or their effects on the degree of crystallinity of LDPE.

Antimicrobial low-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid biocomposites based on rice bran with tea tree oil for food packaging applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572092514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Aziz A El-Wakil ◽  
Hesham Moustafa ◽  
Ahmed M Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Tea Tree

Natural volatile antibacterial and anti-mycotoxin tea tree oil (TTO) with rice bran (RB) were used as a solid carrier for achieving a sustained release profile with high antimicrobial efficiency in polyethylene films. Acrylic acid (AAc) monomer was grafted onto a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) through melt blending using a Brabender Plasti-Corder. The low-density polyethylene-grafted acrylic acid (LDPE- g-AAc) was thoroughly characterized by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. LDPE and LDPE- g-AAc (80/20) were mixed with different contents of untreated RB and treated TTO/RB using melt blending to obtain sustainable composites, namely LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/RB and LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/TTO-RB, respectively. The effect of the addition of untreated and treated RB on the properties of biocomposites was assessed by using mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties. A prominent decrease in water vapor transmission rate occurred when adding 30 wt% of TTO/RB to LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc blend compared to virgin polymer. This decrease was due to the barrier effect of lignocellulosic material, particularly at high bio-filler content. The prepared biocomposites revealed good thermal stability when compared to virgin LDPE. Moreover, the biodegradability and antimicrobial properties of LDPE/LDPE- g-AAc/TTO-RB biofilms were enhanced with increasing TTO/RB contents from 10 phr to 30 phr due to the combination between LDPE- g-AAc and TTO. The obtained data revealed excellent possibility for using biopolymer grafted with antimicrobial TTO by adding RB for food packaging and biomedical purposes.

Preparation of Linear Low Density Polyethylene/Poly(Ethylene-Co-Vinyl Acetate) Blend Films with Various Transparencies

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Kun Young Kwak ◽  
Young Jae Lee ◽  
Kyeong Il Oh ◽  
Du Hyun Song ◽  
Eun Joo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Influence of Argon Ion Bombardment on Improvement of Surface Properties of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
M.F. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pristine Sample ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Argon Ion Bombardment ◽  
Argon Ion ◽  
Micro Indentation

In this paper, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was irradiated by argon ion with different fluences up to 1015 ions/cm2. The optical, chemical and mechanical properties have been investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR and Micro-indentation tester, respectively. The results showed the ion beam bombardment induced decreases in the transmittance of the irradiated polymer samples. This change in transmittance can be attributed to formation of conjugated bonds i.e. possible formation of defects and/or carbon clusters. The indirect optical band gap decreased from 3.0 eV for pristine sample to 2.3 eV for that sample irradiated with the highest fluence of Ar ion beam. Furthermore, the number of carbon atoms and clusters increased with increasing the Ar ion fluences. FTIR spectra showed changes in the chemical properties of the bombarded polymer samples. Argon ion beam inducing increasing in the Vicker's micro-indentation, which may be attributed to the increase in the carbon concentration on the irradiated surface samples and cross-linking effects in the irradiated polyethylene chains.

Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Determine the Composition of High-Density/Low-Density Polyethylene Blend Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Polyethylene Blend

The ability of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with principal component regression (PCR), to nondestructively determine the blend ratio of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) in extruded films is demonstrated. Results indicate that the NIR spectrum in the region 2100 to 2500 nm can be used to determine the HDPE mass percentage of 60–80- μm-thick film samples to within 2.5%, over a range of 0 to 100%. NIR spectral effects from scattering are important for the determination of the HDPE % for HDPE contents above 50%, and spectral effects from changes in the methyl group concentration and perhaps the PE crystallinity are important for the determination of the HDPE % for HDPE contents below 50%. In addition, a large variation between the spectra of replicate samples, probably caused by variations in the degree or direction of molecular orientation in the samples, was observed.

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