Application of Plant Extracts as a Preservative in an Aqueous Gel Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Punnidtha Bupphatanarat ◽  
Worrapannee Powtongsook ◽  
Chawalinee Asawahame ◽  
Paveena Wongtrakul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Micro Organisms

This research aims to study the antimicrobial activities of five selected plants, which were cinnamon bark, betel leaves, licorice, ginger, and galangal and select the most effective herbal extracts to be evaluated for their preservative efficacies in aqueous gel formulation. The sequential solvent extraction using hexane and 95% ethanol was used to extract bioactive constituents in the studied plants. After completely evaporated the solvents, the crude extracts were tested for the antimicrobial activities against S.aureus TISTR 1466 (ATCC 6538), P.aeruginosa TISTR 781 (ATCC 9027), E.coli ATCC 7839, C.albicans TISTR 5779 (ATCC 10201) and A.brasiliensis DMST 15538 (ATCC 16404) by agar well diffusion method. The result showed that the cinnamon bark extract macerated in hexane could inhibit the growth of all studied micro-organisms and was more effective than betel leaves, ginger, galangal and licorice extracts, while its 95% ethanolic extracts obviously showed lower antimicrobial activities. The MIC and MBC or MFC of cinnamon bark extract against the testing micro-organisms were in a range of 0.039-0.312 mg/mL and 0.156-1.250 mg/mL/0.078-0.625 mg/mL, respectively. The effective doses of hexane extract of cinnamon bark attempted to be tested as preservative in aqueous gel formulation were 0.3%, 1.25% and 2.5% by weight, which were equal to MIC, 4MIC and 8MIC, respectively. The challenge tests according to ISO 11930 were carried out to determine the preservative efficacy. The results revealed that 1.25% and 2.5% of cinnamon bark extract satisfied the criteria B for bacterial strains and the criteria A for yeast and mold. The LC-MS data confirmed that the two main constituents in hexane extract of cinnamon bark were coumarin and cinnamaldehyde that might play a role in antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

Antimicrobial Effect of Brazillian Propolis/Polycaprolactone Polymer on some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sanpa ◽  
Krit Sutjarittangtham ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
P. Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Polymer Nanofiber ◽  
History Of Use

The antimicrobial activities of propolis against some bacterial strains have been studied. However, there are few reports on biopolymers from propolis. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polymer that has a long history of use in the biomedical field. In this work, the polymer nanofiber was grown from a Brazillian propolis extract solution on PCL using an electrospinning technique. Antimicrobial activities were investigated by the disc diffusion method. The propolis extract and polymer nanofiber could inhibit some human pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the inhibitory effects on tested microorganism depended on the concentration of propolis extract mixed with the polymer nanofiber. Such properties of the propolis/PCL nanofiners can be further developed for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPEUTIC STUDIES OF METALLATED PORPHYRIN AGAINST CHRONIC WOUND COLONISING BACTERIAL ISOLATES

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. B Daramola ◽  
A. A Olajide ◽  
N Torimiro ◽  
R. C George
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Wound infections have become life threatening as a result of treatment failures caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. The search for newer compounds potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria associated with wounds is crucial. Hence this study investigated the application of antibacterial photodynamic therapy using meso tetra-(4-phenyl) porphyrin (TPP), metallated with zinc, tin and silver (ZnTPP, SnTPP and AgTPP), meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) and the corresponding metallo meso tetra-(4-sulphonatephenyl) porphyrin (MTPPS) as photosensitizers. The in-vitro toxicity and photo-toxicity properties on four chronic wound colonizing multi-drug resistant bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., and Escherichia coli were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Photo-toxicity of the compounds was investigated using 100 Watt tungsten lamp. Inhibitory activity of porphyrins tested against these bacterial strains showed Staphylococcus aureus to have both lowest (11±0.0 mm) and highest (33±1.1 mm) susceptibility to SnTPPS and ZnTPPS respectively. The sequence of data also showed appreciable improvement in the antimicrobial activities of five metalloporphyrins (SnTPP, AgTPP, ZnTPPS, SnTPPS and AgTPPS) exposed to light rays than when tested against bacterial strains in dark condition. ZnTPPS exhibited the best activity with improved photo-toxic activities against all bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus 33±1.1 mm, Klebsiella sp. 32±0.7 mm, Proteus sp. 28±0.7 mm and Escherichia coli 30±1.4 mm) examined in this study.

scholarly journals Essential Oils from Fruit and Vegetables, Aromatic Herbs, and Spices: Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Soumi De-Montijo-Prieto ◽  
María del Carmen Razola-Díaz ◽  
Ana María Gómez-Caravaca ◽  
Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernandez ◽  
María Jiménez-Valera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains

In the field of food preservation, encapsulated Essential Oils (EOs) could be the best non-toxic and eco-friendly tool for food preservative applications substituting the chemicals ones that have several disadvantages for the environment and health. Thirteen commercial EOs from plants, fruits, and vegetables were characterized by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH and ABTS techniques. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well-diffusion method and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by agar dilution method against six bacteria, Candida albicans, and Botrytis cinerea. All the EOs tested have demonstrated antioxidant activity in the range of IC50 0.01–105.32 mg/mL. Between them, cinnamon EOs were the best, followed by oregano and thyme EOs. Fennel EO showed the lowest radical scavenging. MIC values ranged from 0.14 to 9 mg/mL. C. cassia, thyme, and oregano EOs were the most effective against the bacterial species tested, and the yeast C. albicans. On the contrary, citric fruit EOs showed low or no inhibition against most bacterial strains. The percentages of inhibition of mycelia growth of B. cinerea ranged from 3.4 to 98.5%. Thyme, oregano, mint, and fennel EOs showed the highest inhibition.

Heteroaromatization with 4-Phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part IV: Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-938
Author(s):  
Hany M. Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf H.F. Abd El-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Azo Compounds ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives

Background: Synthetic azo compounds and their derivatives have been studied extensively due to their biological and pharmacological activities. Pyranopyridines, pyranopyrimidines and tetrazoles derivatives have emerged as a promising and attractive scaffold in the development of potent biological and pharmacological agents. Objectives: To design a series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and some fungal strains. Materials and Methods: The (E)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-10-thioxo-7,9,10,11-tetrahydro-8Hnaptho[ 1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8-one (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3- carbonitrile (3) with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. Reaction of 3 with sodium azide in DMF and in presence of ammonium chloride afforded 6-(phenyldiazenyl)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4Hbenzo[ h]chromen-2-amine (7) while with malononitrile, thiourea or urea gave chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-9- carbonitrile (8), chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-10-thione (9) and chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-10-one (10), respectively. The assignment structures were established on the basis of spectral data. Results: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 3-12 was examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by using agar diffusion method such as Mueller-Hinton agar medium for bacteria and Sabouraud’s agar medium for fungi. Ampicillin and mycostatine were included in the experiments as reference drugs. Conclusion: A series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives were synthesized in this work. All compounds were evaluated in antimicrobial activities.

Preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of plant extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (09) ◽  
pp. 4885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushbu Pandey ◽  
Mahendra Singh* ◽  
Bharat Pandey ◽  
Anshulika Upadhyaya ◽  
Kamal K. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Anti Fungal

The present study was carried out for phytochemical screening of principle bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity in Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb., Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, terpenoid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and alkaloid. The petroleum, ether, chloroform, methanol, acetone and aqueous extracts were subjected to antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis against anti-fungal strains A.awamori, A.fumigatus, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma viridae and C.oryzae. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was evaluated by disc-diffusion method.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES TESTS FROM HEXANE EXTRACT OF STEM BARK MELOCHIA UMBELLATA (HOUTT) STAPF VAR. DEGRABRATA K

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Usman ◽  
Muh Amir M ◽  
Nunuk Hariani Soekamto ◽  
Ahyar Ahmad ◽  
Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Inhibitory Zone

Objectives: This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of stem bark extract Melochia umbellata (Houtt) Stapf var. degrabrata.Methods: M. umbellata stem bark was extracted by maceration using methanol solvent. Separation and purification were done by partitioning, fractionation with chromatography, and recrystallization. Antibacterial activity test of hexane extract and third isolate from the bark of M. umbellata was done by agar diffusion method against bacterium Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Results: Phytochemical test showed that the hexane extracts of bark M. umbellata containing alkaloids and triterpenoids. Isolate D is a triterpenoid group compound, while FKa and FKb are steroid group compound. The hexane extract had the highest antibacterial activity against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone diameter 12.0 mm. Isolate D has a weak inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. The highest diameters inhibition zone of isolated FKa compound against B. subtilis and S. aureus bacteria was 18.0 mm and 13.0 mm, respectively, whereas, the highest diameter inhibition of zone FKb compound against B. subtilis bacteria with inhibitory zone was 12.0 mm.Conclusion: The FKa compound from the bark of M. umbellata has the potential to be antibacterial because the compound is able to inhibit bacterial growth with ˃14 mm obstacle zone, especially against B. subtilis bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida Plant Leaves’ Extracts Against Some Selected Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arnaba S Chaity ◽  
Tamanna Nasrin ◽  
Khandker J Ferdouse ◽  
Md. Fazlul Haque ◽  
Md. Asadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Kalanchoë Blossfeldiana

There is an alternative approach to control the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially resistant bacteria. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial activities of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Paederia foetida plants’ extracts against some selected bacterial strains. K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves were extracted in methanol. In vitro antibacterial activities were evaluated against 12 bacterial strains including, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus sciuri, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus iniae, Aeromonas diversa, Xanthomonas campestris, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Siccibacter colletis, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Aeromonas cavernicola, Enterobacter xiangfangensis, and Vibrio rotiferianus. Antimicrobial activities were screened by the disk diffusion method. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth dilution method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 statistical software. In antimicrobial screening, both the plant extracts showed highest inhibition (15 mm zone diameter) against S. gallinarum at the concentration of 20 μg/disk and 15 μg/disk, respectively. In the MIC test, both K. blossfeldiana and P. foetida leaves’ extracts showed the lowest MIC value of 100 μg/ml on V. rotiferianus and S. iniae, respectively. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the extracts may be used as a natural antibacterial agent for the treatment of some bacterial diseases. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients are warranted.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activities of Lannea acida (a. rich) Stem Bark Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
O. A. Olatunji ◽  
C. I. Ihediuche ◽  
O. W. Bolaji ◽  
A. O. Akala ◽  
S. E. Edet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Continuous Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Micro Organisms

The persistent resistance of micro-organisms necessitates the need to intensify studies on the use of possible strategies for proper control of pathogens using extracts from natural products. The stem bark of Lannea acida was extracted by two methods of extraction: Cold and Soxhlet (continuous) extraction. The extract of the stem bark was screened to confirm the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides in all the samples of ethanol and hexane/acetone/methanol mixture extracts. The phytochemicals examined varied among the stem bark extracts of other solvents (hexane, chloroform, acetone, and methanol). The result of the antimicrobial test shows that the stem bark extracts exhibited efficacy against some microbes (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) that were employed for the study by exhibiting clear inhibition/clearance zones against these microbes which ranges from 06 mm -21 mm. The plant stem bark could therefore be seen as a potential natural source for useful antimicrobial drugs.

Synthesis and Characterization of Some Mannich Base Analogues of Ciprofloxacin: Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Cytotoxic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-559
Author(s):  
M. G. Rabbani ◽  
M. R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mannich Base ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Mannich Reaction

The present work contains synthesis of six Mannich base analogues of ciprofloxacin 2-7 those have been prepared by the Mannich reaction to investigate some therapeutic assessment. The structure of the analogues has been established by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis techniques. The derivatives were screened for their antimicrobial activities by the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of the analogues compared with the parent was evaluated against three Gram-positive, eight Gram-negative bacterial strains, and three different fungal strains. The synthesized compounds showed diverse antimicrobial profiles among which derivatives 2, 3 & 6 possessed enhanced activity in contrast to the ciprofloxacin. Additionally, unlike ciprofloxacin, most of the derivatives were found to demonstrate antifungal activity against Candida albicans.  Cytotoxicity was also made against brine shrimp lethality assay. Interestingly, most of the derivatives revealed enhanced cytotoxic activity than that of ciprofloxacin.

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