Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional Concrete to Ash Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
José Ferreira ◽  
Elisabete Silva ◽  
Idalina Domingos ◽  
Luiza Silva ◽  
Isabel Brás
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Impact Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact

In the present work, the environmental impacts of the concrete made with woody fly ash that presented compressive strength like the conventional concrete were evaluated and compared using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The impact assessment method used was the “CML-IA baseline” implemented in SimaPro software. The results showed that concrete with fly ash had a lower impact than conventional concrete in all the impact categories under study and may be classified as an eco-material (eco-concrete) considering that the environmental issues that are minimized are waste reduction, reduce of landfill problems and resource saving by the utilization of recycled materials.

scholarly journals Valuing Biodiversity in Life Cycle Impact Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lindner ◽  
Horst Fehrenbach ◽  
Lisa Winter ◽  
Judith Bloemer ◽  
Eva Knuepffer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Impact Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the authors propose an impact assessment method for life cycle assessment (LCA) that adheres to established LCA principles for land use-related impact assessment, bridges current research gaps and addresses the requirements of different stakeholders for a methodological framework. The conservation of biodiversity is a priority for humanity, as expressed in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Addressing biodiversity across value chains is a key challenge for enabling sustainable production pathways. Life cycle assessment is a standardised approach to assess and compare environmental impacts of products along their value chains. The impact assessment method presented in this article allows the quantification of the impact of land-using production processes on biodiversity for several broad land use classes. It provides a calculation framework with degrees of customisation (e.g., to take into account regional conservation priorities), but also offers a default valuation of biodiversity based on naturalness. The applicability of the method is demonstrated through an example of a consumer product. The main strength of the approach is that it yields highly aggregated information on the biodiversity impacts of products, enabling biodiversity-conscious decisions about raw materials, production routes and end user products.

scholarly journals Research on Carbon Emissions of Electric Vehicles throughout the Life Cycle Assessment Taking into Vehicle Weight and Grid Mix Composition

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmei Li ◽  
Ningning Ha ◽  
Tingting Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Vehicle Weight ◽  
The Impact

To study the impact of the promotion of electric vehicles on carbon emissions in China, the full life carbon emissions of electric vehicles are studied on the basis of considering such factors as vehicle weight and grid mix composition, and fuel vehicles are added for comparison. In this paper, we collect data for 34 domestic electric vehicles, and linear regression analysis is used to model the relationship between vehicle weight and energy consumption. Then, a Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment method is used to establish the life cycle carbon emission calculation model for electric vehicles and fuel vehicles. Finally, the life cycle carbon emissions of electric vehicles and fuel vehicles under different electrical energy structures are discussed using scenario analysis. The results show that under the current grid mix composition in China, the carbon emissions of electric vehicles of the same vehicle weight class are 24% to 31% higher than that of fuel vehicles. As the proportion of clean energy in the grid mix composition increases, the advantages of electric vehicles to reduce carbon emissions will gradually emerge.

scholarly journals Investigating the wastewater treatment system of the Tehran Oil Industry Research Institute using the Life Cycle Assessment Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Eskandari Ashgofti ◽  
Maryam Morovati ◽  
Ebrahim Alaiee ◽  
Kamelia Alavi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Institute

Introduction: Due to population growth and subsequent limited water resources, the use of treatment plant effluents is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the environmental effects of the treatment plant and also to identify critical points or weaknesses of the treatment plant system and provide corrective action to reduce the severity of the effects.  Methods: After visiting the research institute and collecting data (during the years 2017-2018), the energy, consuming materials and output of the system were calculated using the life cycle assessment method. Finally, information on the spread of pollution and consumption was included in the list of index effects. To analyze the obtained information, Simapro software (using ILCD 2011 Midpoint V1.03 method) version 8.5.0.0. was applied. Results: Based on the research findings, the software depicted the evaluation of the effects in 13 categories and all the information entered in the software according to the impact, has participated in each category of effects, the most effective factors related to chloride, energy consumption and oil. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the main critical point identified in the treatment plant is related to electricity and the sanitary effluent is in a worse condition than the industrial effluent. However, the environmental impact of industrial effluents should not be neglected. Due to the fact that the MBR method is considered as one of the best methods of wastewater treatment, it is not recommended to change the treatment method, but with continuous monitoring and management of the system, it is possible to reduce the consumption of raw materials.

Effect of Material Selection on the Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3387-3394 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Ng ◽  
K.B. Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Product Design Process ◽  
Impact Assessment Method

This paper discusses the significant percentage increase of environmental impact generated in the manufacturing phase as a result of changes in the key material selection during the product design process. The findings in this paper are important for product designers. They need to pay extra attention when choosing plastics or metals when assessing design alternatives that can reduce the environmental impact. Four products were analysed in this case study namely water pump, hot pot, plastic kettle and stainless steel kettle. The environmental impacts of these four products are assessed by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the CML approach from Institute of Environmental Sciences is adopted as the Life Cycle Impact Assessment method.

scholarly journals Life cycle assessment of electric and conventional cars energy consumption and CO2 emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Evtimov ◽  
Rosen Ivanov ◽  
Georgi Kadikyanov ◽  
Gergana Staneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Electric Traction ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis concerning the effectiveness of electric traction in comparison with conventional cars. The Life Cycle Assessment method is used. It estimates the energy spent for the extraction of the raw materials/sources, manufacturing and transportation of the components and the vehicle, motion, maintenance and repair during exploitation period and the recycling process. The impact of the production technology of the electric energy, needed for charging the battery, is taken into account. The energy consumption and CO2 emissions for the life cycle of electric and conventional cars are presented on graphs. Examples for Bulgaria and EU countries are given. The exploitation conditions in which the electric car is more effective regarding CO2 equivalent emissions are shown. The main influence on the effectiveness of electric cars has the structure of the energy mix of the country where the electric car is produced and is used in exploitation.

Experimental Study and Life Cycle Assessment of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1796-1799
Author(s):  
Shi Qin He ◽  
He Li ◽  
Zhong Feng Zhu ◽  
Peng Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash Concrete ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash

One of the effective ways of low carbon concrete is to reduce the cement content. It can not only reduce the greenhouse gas emission, but also improve the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste. In this paper, the mix design and experimental research of C15 Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) were carried out by substituting cement with high volume fly ash. A partition coefficient of environmental burden Cm was introduced in order to assess the environmental effect of different mix proportion SCC precisely by using life cycle assessment method. Evaluation results showed that the mixing of fly ash can reduce the consumption of coal, the discharge of CO2 and the solid wastes effectively. The study provided a rational basis for the high performance and low cost fly ash concrete.

scholarly journals PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPLEX OF ACTIONS REGARDING THE ECO-SAFETY OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Matis ◽  
Olga Krot
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Product Life ◽  
The Impact

Based on the methods of product life cycle assessment, it is proposed to assess the environmental friendliness of the chemical plant. The LCA method represents the very systematic approach to assessing the environmental impact of production, carried out as a whole over its life cycle from the extraction and processing of raw materials to the use of individual components. It is used to systematically assess the impact of each stage of the production life cycle on the environment. Life cycle inventory analysis includes the collection of data required for the study, as well as the inventory of input (energy, water, raw materials and materials) and output (emissions into the environment, emissions, solid waste disposal, eastern water flows). a system that is a set of single processes interconnected by the flows of semi-finished products used in one or more given functions, with other productive systems and elementary flows with the environment (emissions into the atmosphere, discharges into water). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method that should be used to quantify the products and services of the environment carried out during its life cycle (ISO 14040 (2006)). There are several procedures approved by this methodology to support the calculation of the impact on emergencies. The methodology includes commercial software tools that are used directly or indirectly [1]. One of the goals of the LCA is to analyze the development of the production process at the station of emergency facilities. According to ISO 14040 (2006), the product life cycle assessment structure includes: 1) determining the level and scope to limit the study and select a functional unit; 2) analysis of input and output reserves of energy and materials that are important for the study of the research system; 3) life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to classify environmental impacts; 4) phase interpretation, to test the overall popularity of the conclusion. The LCA can manage information to analyze and support the project and production decision-making process.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Apparel Consumption in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-111
Author(s):  
Shadia Moazzem ◽  
Enda Crossin ◽  
Fugen Daver ◽  
Lijing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment Methodology ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study presents the environmental impact of apparel consumption in Australia using life cycle assessment methodology according to ISO14040/14044:2006. Available published references, the Ecoinvent v3 dataset, the Australian life cycle assessment dataset and apparel country-wise import data with the breakdown of apparel type and fibre type were used in this study. The environmental impact assessment results of the functional unit were scaled up to the total apparel consumption. The impact results were also normalized on a per-capita/year basis. The Total Climate Change Potential (CCP) impact from apparel consumption of 2015 was estimated to be 16 607 028 tonnes CO2eq and 698.07 kg CO2eq/per capita-year. This study also assessed the impact of acidification potential (AP), water depletion (WD), abiotic resource depletion potential (ADP) - fossil fuel and agricultural land occupation (ALO) using the same methodology. The market volume of cotton apparel in Australia is 53.97 %, which accounts for 45 %, 96 %, 40 %, 46 % and 79 % of total CCP, WD, ADP, AP and ALO impact, respectively. Apparel broad categories of cotton shirt, cotton trouser, polyester shirt and polyester trouser have a high volume in the apparel market as well as a high environmental impact contribution. These high-volume apparel products can be included in the prioritization list to reduce environmental impact throughout the apparel supply chain. It was estimated that from 2010 to 2018 the per capita apparel consumption and corresponding impact increased by 24 %.

Potentials for Denox in Chinese Cement Industry with the Life Cycle Assessment Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Xian Ce Meng ◽  
Zhen Guo Peng ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Impact

To explore NOx mitigation strategies in Chinese cement industry systematically, a material flow analysis was developed. The realistic output of cement production in China were identified and quantified. The inventory data of Chinese cement production were selected without denitration technology applications at that time. Then the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results were calculated with the principal of ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 of Life Cycle Assessment. The impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (POCP), and human toxicity potential (HTP) were used to calculate environmental impact. The results showed that the NOx emission was the major environmental damages and the following was CO2 emission. This argument disagreed with the view that CO2 emission was the major contributor of environmental load. The reason is that the NOx emission is far over the international level due to few denitration technology applications. In the assumption of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology applications, there is still large emission mitigation potential according to the target scenario analysis. The application of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology with higher deNOx efficiency and the roadmap of deNOx of Chinese cement industry were also discussed. The SNCR technology with the auxiliary of SCR development over the coming decades will be decisive for the roadmaps of Chinese cement industry to reach deeper NOx emission cuts.

Life-cycle assessment of ships: The effects of fuel consumption reduction and light displacement tonnage

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Tuan Dong ◽  
Wei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fuel Consumption Reduction ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
The Impact

Life-cycle assessment has been widely applied in many industry sectors for years and there are some applications of this method in the shipping sector. Fuel consumption and material consumption are considered as crucial factors in the life cycle of ship. This study uses the life-cycle assessment method to show the effects of fuel consumption reduction and light displacement tonnage on the environmental performance of ships. This is done by comparing the environmental impacts of 25 investigated scenarios with different fuel consumption and light displacement tonnage. CML2001 methodology is used to evaluate the impact assessment and the results are calculated using GaBi software. The results show that fuel consumption reduction could cut down the environmental impacts. However, some scenarios are not environmentally beneficial due to the increase in light displacement tonnage. The effects of fuel consumption and light displacement tonnage on 12 CML2001 environmental indicators are different. It is recommended that the life-cycle assessment method should be used to fully assess the environmental impacts of ships before applying any techniques in order to achieve the environmental benefits.

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