Study of Electroplating Zn-Sn-Ni Alloy

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1338-1342
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Mao Zhong An ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Xu Ri Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Alloy ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Alkaline Salt ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Δ Phase ◽  
Binding Intensity

When Zn-Sn-Ni ternary alloy is electroplated on electrolyte copper foil, the surface properties can be comprehensively improved by using alkaline salt pyrophosphate solution. After the bath composition and processing conditions are optimized, and an appropriate additive is chosen, the SEM images shows the electrocrystalized substance obtained is composed of nano-crystals. Besides, XRD analysis on the deposits of electroplated Zn-Sn-Ni alloy shows Zn in the deposits exist in the form of metal compound, including δ phase Ni3Zn22 as well as γ Ni5Zn21. This indicates under the pyrophosphate salt the process of nucleation of Zn-Sn-Ni ternary alloy is similar to the process of three-dimensional successive nucleation controlled by diffuseness. All these demonstrate that after the disposal of this study, the corrosion resistance, the heat resistance and the binding intensity of electrolyte copper foil are obviously improved.

scholarly journals Fast Dissolving Electrospun Nanofibers Fabricated from Jelly Fig Polysaccharide/Pullulan for Drug Delivery Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Thangavel Ponrasu ◽  
Bei-Hsin Chen ◽  
Tzung-Han Chou ◽  
Jia-Jiuan Wu ◽  
Yu-Shen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Triton X

The fast-dissolving drug delivery systems (FDDDSs) are developed as nanofibers using food-grade water-soluble hydrophilic biopolymers that can disintegrate fast in the oral cavity and deliver drugs. Jelly fig polysaccharide (JFP) and pullulan were blended to prepare fast-dissolving nanofiber by electrospinning. The continuous and uniform nanofibers were produced from the solution of 1% (w/w) JFP, 12% (w/w) pullulan, and 1 wt% Triton X-305. The SEM images confirmed that the prepared nanofibers exhibited uniform morphology with an average diameter of 144 ± 19 nm. The inclusion of JFP in pullulan was confirmed by TGA and FTIR studies. XRD analysis revealed that the increased crystallinity of JFP/pullulan nanofiber was observed due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The tensile strength and water vapor permeability of the JFP/pullulan nanofiber membrane were also enhanced considerably compared to pullulan nanofiber. The JFP/pullulan nanofibers loaded with hydrophobic model drugs like ampicillin and dexamethasone were rapidly dissolved in water within 60 s and release the encapsulants dispersive into the surrounding. The antibacterial activity, fast disintegration properties of the JFP/pullulan nanofiber were also confirmed by the zone of inhibition and UV spectrum studies. Hence, JFP/pullulan nanofibers could be a promising carrier to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs for fast-dissolving/disintegrating delivery applications.

Enhanced Performance of Ultrafiltration Membrane with Powdered Zeolite Addition for Secondary Effluent Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2712-2716
Author(s):  
Yong Tu ◽  
Yong Gang Bai ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Wei Jing Liu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sem Images

The research on ultrafiltration membrane assisted by powdered zeolite for the treatment of secondary effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was studied. The results show that membrane fouling rate is reduced by pre-coating the ultrafiltration membrane with powdered zeolite, and the treatment performance of secondary effluent is enhanced. UV-vis, three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for ultrafiltration were also discussed.

Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 with High Rate Capability Synthesized via a Novel Gel-Combustion Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 973-977
Author(s):  
Jing Mao ◽  
Ke Hua Dai ◽  
Yu Chun Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Capability ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Gel Combustion Method

Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2material with high rate capability was synthesized by a novel gel-combustion method using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a polymer chelating agent and a fuel. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to study the structure, morphology and element distribution of the Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2material. XRD analysis showed that all samples were α-NaFeO2structure and Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2prepared at 900 °C had the highest c/a of 4.977 indicating the highest layered-ness. EDS scan demonstrated that the precursor was homogeneous. SEM images indicated all samples were well crystallized. Charge and discharge tests showed all samples had good rate capability. Among them, Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2prepared at 900 °C had the highest capacity and the best rate capability. It delivered 162.1 mAh•g−1at 0.25 C between 2.5 and 4.3 V and the capacity retention was about 81% compared to that of 0.25C rate.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Water Absorption and Swelling in Dehulled Barley Grains during Canned Porridge Cooking

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Mengting Wang ◽  
Mingming Guo ◽  
Xingqian Ye ◽  
Tian Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hygroscopic Swelling ◽  
3D Numerical Model ◽  
Barley Grains ◽  
Experimental Values

Understanding the hydration behavior of cereals during cooking is industrially important in order to optimize processing conditions. In this study, barley porridge was cooked in a sealed tin can at 100, 115, and 121 °C, respectively, and changes in water uptake and hygroscopic swelling in dehulled barley grains were measured during the cooking of canned porridge. In order to describe and better understand the hydration behaviors of barley grains during the cooking process, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was developed and validated. The proposed model was found to be adequate for representing the moisture absorption characteristics with a mean relative deviation modulus (P) ranging from 4.325% to 5.058%. The analysis of the 3D simulation of hygroscopic swelling was satisfactory for describing the expansion in the geometry of barley. Given that the model represented the experimental values adequately, it can be applied to the simulation and design of cooking processes of cereals grains, allowing for saving in both time and costs.

scholarly journals Processing of (Co)Poly(2-oxazoline)s by Electrospinning and Extrusion from Melt and the Postprocessing Properties of the (Co)Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Wałach ◽  
Natalia Oleszko-Torbus ◽  
Alicja Utrata-Wesołek ◽  
Marcelina Bochenek ◽  
Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Gradient Copolymers ◽  
Fused Deposition

Poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) matrices in the form of non-woven fibrous mats and three-dimensional moulds were obtained by electrospinning and fused deposition modelling (FDM), respectively. To obtain these materials, poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPrOx) and gradient copolymers of 2-isopropyl- with 2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline (P(iPrOx-nPrOx)), with relatively low molar masses and low dispersity values, were processed. The conditions for the electrospinning of POx were optimised for both water and the organic solvent. Also, the FDM conditions for the fabrication of POx multi-layer moulds of cylindrical or cubical shape were optimised. The properties of the POx after electrospinning and extrusion from melt were determined. The molar mass of all (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s did not change after electrospinning. Also, FDM did not influence the molar masses of the (co)polymers; however, the long processing of the material caused degradation and an increase in molar mass dispersity. The thermal properties changed significantly after processing of POx what was monitored by increase in enthalpy of exo- and endothermic peaks in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. The influence of the processing conditions on the structure and properties of the final material were evaluated having in a mind their potential application as scaffolds.

Novel Ultrasonic Technology for Devulcanization of Waste Rubbers

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Isayev ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
A. Tukachinsky
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Theological Properties

Abstract A novel patented process and several reactors have been developed for devulcanization of waste rubbers. The technology is based on the use of the high power ultrasonics. The ultrasonic waves of certain levels in the presence of pressure and heat rapidly break up the three-dimensional network in crosslinked rubbers. The devulcanized rubber can be reprocessed, shaped and revulcanized in much the same way as a virgin rubber. The first laboratory reactor has been scaled up to pilot-plant level by the National Feedscrew and Machining, Inc. Various devulcanization experiments were carried out with model styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and with ground rubber tire (GRT). Curing behavior, Theological properties, and structural characteristics of rubbers devulcanized at various processing conditions were studied, as well as mechanical properties of revulcanized rubber samples. A possible mechanism of the devulcanization is discussed. The performed measurements indicate that the rubbers are partially devulcanized, and the devulcanization process is accompanied by certain degradation of the macromolecular chains. In spite of these observations, the processing conditions are identified at which the retention of the mechanical properties is found to be good. A further work is in progress to find the optimal conditions of devulcanization and to improve the selectivity of the process towards breaking up the chemical network only.

Wear and Corrosion Behaviours of FeCrNiSi Alloy Coatings by Laser Cladding

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1406-1413
Author(s):  
Yu Long Qi ◽  
Hai Yan Chen ◽  
Chen Yang Shu ◽  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Li Hua Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Surface Mapping

Soft and hard FeCrNiSi alloy coatings were obtained on 30CrMo alloy steel surface by laser cladding. The phase constitution, microstructure, frictional wear behavior and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), three-dimensional non-contact surface mapping, friction and wear testing machine and electrochemical workstation, separately. XRD analysis showed that the cladding layer was mainly composed of Fe-based alloy composition, accompanied by a small amount of cobalt nickel alloy. There were massive protrusions in the interface of the soft sample, and the coating was regularly dendritic. Hard sample coating lines were cluttered, and there was no bulk deposition. Under the same wear condition, the soft coating exhibited serious abrasive wear, while the hard coating had slight abrasive wear behavior. The polarization curves in 3%NaCl solution revealed that the self-corrosion potential of the soft coating was positive shifted more than that the hard coating. The soft coating has better corrosion resistance than the hard coating.

Influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of PA12/C30B® nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-572
Author(s):  
Nourredine Aït Hocine ◽  
Pascal Médéric ◽  
Hanaya Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Mixing Energy ◽  
End Use ◽  
First Time

Abstract This study focuses on the influence of mixing energy on the solid-state behavior and clay fraction threshold of nanocomposites. Thus, three polyamide12/clay (PA12/C30B®) nanocomposites exhibiting different nanostructures were prepared from three sets of processing conditions. Then, thermal and dynamical viscoelastic properties of these nanocomposites were analyzed, in relationship with the material nanostructure and processing conditions. For the first time, the solid-state properties of the nanocomposites revealed the existence of a critical specific mixing mechanical energy. Below this critical value, an increase of mechanical energy refines the structure, improving some end-use properties of the nanocomposite. Above this value, a high mixing energy supply is necessary in order to significantly modify the structure. They also highlighted that the clay fraction threshold, which is commonly attributed to the formation of a three-dimensional percolated network, decreases with increasing specific mixing energy, less significantly when this energy is superior to its critical value.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Pressureless Sintered Micron Silver Joints and Simulation Analysis of Elasticity Degradation in Deep Space Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6368
Author(s):  
Wendi Guo ◽  
Guicui Fu ◽  
Bo Wan ◽  
Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Effective Elastic Modulus ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Element Analysis

With excellent economy and properties, pressureless sintered micron silver has been regarded as an environmentally friendly interconnection material. In order to promote its reliable application in deep space exploration considering the porous microstructural evolution and its effect on macroscopic performance, simulation analysis based on the reconstruction of pressureless sintered micron silver joints was carried out. In this paper, the deep space environment was achieved by a test of 250 extreme thermal shocks of −170 °C~125 °C, and the microstructural evolution was observed by using SEM. Taking advantage of the morphology autocorrelation function, three-dimensional models of the random-distribution medium consistent with SEM images were reconstructed, and utilized in further Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of material effective elastic modulus through a transfer procedure. Compared with test results and two analytical models, the good consistency of the prediction results proves that the proposed method is reliable. Through analyzing the change in autocorrelation functions, the microstructural evolution with increasing shocks was quantitively characterized. Mechanical response characteristics in FEA were discussed. Moreover, the elasticity degradation was noticed and the mechanism in this special environment was clarified.

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