Microstructure and Precipitates of High-Pure Ferritic Stainless Steels Stabilized by Niobium and Titanium

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Po Wang ◽  
Bo Peng ◽  
Li Feng Sun ◽  
Cheng Jun Liu ◽  
Mao Fa Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Factsage Software ◽  
Scanning Electron

As stabilization elements added into ferritic stainless steels, various kinds of precipitates of niobium and titanium will form and have great effect on their microstructure, which has great effect on the mechanical and corrosion properties of the final products. Combined with thermodynamic calculation by FactSage software, microstructure and precipitates of ferritic stainless steels containing different niobium and titanium were investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that titanium mainly exists in form of TiN but niobium exists mainly in form of NbC. Moreover, a certain amount of NbN particles precipitate when there is not enough titanium to react with nitrogen. TiN particles with size of 2μm~8μm promote the recrystallization but Nb-rich precipitates with size of less than 500nm suppress the recrystallization in the process of annealing.

Organoclay-reinforced polyethersulfone-modified epoxy-based hybrid nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Boming Zhang ◽  
Jinrui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hybrid nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the incorporation of polyethersulfone (PES) and organoclay into epoxy resin. They had higher fracture toughness than the prepared PES/epoxy blend and organoclay/epoxy nanocomposites. The microstructures of the hybrid nanocomposites were studied. They were comprised of homogeneous PES/epoxy semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) matrices and organoclay micro-agglomerates made up of tactoid-like regions composed of ordered exfoliated organoclay with various orientations. The former was confirmed with dynamic mechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while the latter was successfully observed with X-ray diffraction measurements, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The improvement of their fracture toughness was due to the synergistic toughening effect of the PES and the organoclay and related to their microstructures.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Hot Roll Bonded Al/Ti Laminated Metal Composites (LMCs) by Pre-Rolling Diffusion Process

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Shouxin Wang ◽  
Hanxue Qiao ◽  
Zejun Chen ◽  
Taiqian Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Diffusion Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the traditional hot rolling to fabricate Al/Ti laminated metal composites (LMCs) was improved by using a pre-rolling diffusion process. The effect of the pre-rolling diffusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Ti LMCs were investigated by various methods, such as optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile tests. The results show that, with increasing diffusion temperature, the thickness in diffusion layer was increased and the mechanical properties of LMCs were improved obviously, which was attributed to the optimized interfacial structure after diffusion process. In addition, the formation of TiAl3 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) was detected in the bonding interface, which played an important role in improving the mechanical properties for Al/Ti LMCs. The predicted results of stress-strain curves from rule of mixture (ROM) indicated that, there existed an extra interfacial strengthening in Al/Ti LMCs beside the mechanical properties provided by the contribution of constituent layers. The pre-rolling diffusion process is effective for the optimization of interfacial structure and improvement of mechanical properties in Al/Ti LMCs.

Studying on High Temperature Thermoplastic of High Carbon Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Lang He ◽  
Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Scanning Electron

High temperature thermoplastic of 50Mn2V casting slab was tested by Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator machine. The morphology, microstructure and composition of fracture surfacewere observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS).The results show that, there are two brittle temperature zones of 50Mn2V casting slab at the temperature of 600~950°C and 1300~1465°C, respectively, The section shrinkaging rate is less than 60%. The fracture mode changes from mixed one dominated by intergranular to toughness transgranular one with the increase of temperature at the range of 600~1250°C. However, the fracture is along with the solid-liquid phase at the range of 1300°C~ melting point.

Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis in Forensic Science

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-943
Author(s):  
John L Brown ◽  
James W Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The optical microscope has long been an important tool in forensic analysis for the comparison of firearms markings and the examination and identification of other minute bits of evidence. The electron microscope permits the examination of even smaller details and offers analytical capabilities unique to the type of instrument used. The transmission electron microscope can be used to identify very small amounts of crystalline materials through the process of electron diffraction. The scanning electron microscope can frequently supersede the optical microscope because of its superior depth of focus and range of magnification. When it is equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer, most of the chemical elements in a sample can be determined. Applications of these instruments have provided some interesting and instructive results in forensic analysis.

Research on Microstructure Evolution of Spray Forming FVS0812 Alloy Varies with Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 3729-3732
Author(s):  
Rong Hua Zhang ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
Xiao Ping Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microstructure Of The Material

Heat-resistant FVS0812 alloys were prepared by spray forming technique. The effect of temperature on microstructure the alloys was studied by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in this paper. The research results show that the microstructure of the material doesnt change obviously after being hold for 3 hours at 420°C temperature. When the temperature is over 420°C, the second coarse phases are found in the alloy. The studies on the microstructure of the alloy exposed at 400°C for 100 hours show that the alloy has excellent high temperature stability.

The Investigation of Microstructure of Pt/Ti Explosive Clad Interface

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 3855-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhong Wei ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jin Hua Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Crystal Layer ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal System ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microstructure in anchoring site of Pt/Ti explosive clad Plate was observed, tested and analyzed by analytical and high resolution transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer. An intermittent micro-crystal layer was observed in anchoring area, with thickness of 2 um. The inner crystal size was from some nanometer. to hundreds of nanometer. Some crystal had defects in it, such as staggered layer. The layer was composed of metal compound, like PtTi，Pt5Ti3，Pt3Ti，Ti3Pt and etc. The direct Pt—Ti anchoring area, hexagonal Ti variation-orthorhombic crystal system, α″-Ti metastable martensite phase and bicrystals with partial deformation were also observed. The research of microstructure in anchoring area revealed the nature of explosive compound in metallurgical anchoring.

Influence of Microstructure and Precipitates on the Strength of Container Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 586 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Jia Yan Ma ◽  
Wen Liang ◽  
Rong Dong Han ◽  
Yun Guan ◽  
Zhao Jun Deng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precipitation Strengthening ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Scanning Electron

The variation rules of strength with the microstructure and precipitates of container steel were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the microstructures of four kinds of test steels are all bainite and M/A island, but the number and size of islands of M/A and precipitates exist obvious difference: two kinds of test steels have fewer precipitates and more M/A islands, however, the other two kinds of steels are on the contrary. As for the former two kinds steels, the number of M/A islands is larger, and the size is smaller, the strength of steel is higher; For the later two kinds steels, the number of precipitates less than 30nm is larger, and distribution is more uniform dispersion, the strength is higher, precipitation strengthening effect is better. Getting lots of small and uniform M/A islands or precipitates is an effective way of improving the performance of steel.

Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of 5E61 Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Pei Liang Liu ◽  
Xiao Lan Wu ◽  
Sheng Ping Wen ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Kun Yuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Exfoliation Corrosion ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

The microstructure of Al-6Mg-0.9Mn-0.07Zr-0.2Er (wt.%), registered as 5E61 alloy, were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the addition of 0.2 wt.% Er can refine the dendritic structure and form fine and coherent L12 structured Al3(ErxZr1-x) precipitates in the alloy. After a two-stage homogenization (280°C/10h, 460°C/36h), the recrystallization temperature of the alloy with 0.2 wt.% Er is about 15°C higher than that of the alloy without Er. The better recrystallization resistance may be related to the Al3(ErxZr1-x) precipitates, which can pin on dislocations and sub-grain boundaries. The hardness of the cold-rolled alloy with 0.2 wt.% Er is 143HV, which is 5% higher than the alloy without Er. The exfoliation corrosion and nitric acid mass loss test were also performed. The exfoliation corrosion of the alloy is N grade, and the mass loss is only 9.84mg/cm2.

Quantitative Analysis of Intermetallic Phase in 850°C Aging 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 464-468
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Na Qiong Zhu ◽  
Yan Lin He ◽  
Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
2205 Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The precipitates in 850°C aging 2205 Duplex stainless steel were extracted by the method of carbon extraction replicas. The method makes precipitates disperse uniformly and the contrast between precipitates and matrix distinct. TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope), EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) were applied for the observation of microstructure. The SEM micrographs were used for intermetallic size statistic, which revealed that the sizes of intermetallic increased with aging time.

Effects of Ti and Nb Stabilization on the Recrystallization and the Pitting Potential in Fe-21%Cr Ferritic Stainless Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 561-565 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Wen Bo Dong ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Lai Zhu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steels ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Effects of Ti and Nb stabilization on the recrystallization and the pitting potential in Fe-21%Cr ferritic stainless steels were studied by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and polarization curve measurement. The results show that both Ti and Nb, either in solution or as precipitates, retard the recrystallization and enhance the recrystallization temperature. Substitution of Nb for Ti in Fe-21%Cr ferritic stainless steels increases the recrystallization temperature by 30 to 50°C. Nb and Ti stabilized ferritic steels present higher pitting potential than Ti stabilized steels.

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