Study of Nano-Creep of Unfilled and Filled Cross-Linking Polypropylene

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsik ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
Martin Reznicek ◽  
Lenka Hylova
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Indentation Creep ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Irradiation Process ◽  
Different Doses

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. Radiation, which penetrated through specimens and reacted with the cross-linking agent, gradually formed cross-linking (3D net), first in the surface layer and then in the total volume, which resulted in considerable changes in specimen behavior. This paper describes the effect of electron beam irradiation on the nanoindentation creep of unfilled and glass fiber filled polypropylene (25%). nanoindentation creep were measured by the DSI (Depth Sensing Indentation) method on samples which were non-irradiated and irradiated by different doses of the β – radiation (0, 30, 45 and 60 kGy). The purpose of the article is to consider to what extent the irradiation process influences the resulting nanoindentation creep measured by the DSI method. The unfilled and filled polypropylene tested showed significant changes of indentation creep. The measured results indicate, that electron beam irradiation is very effective tool for improvement of creep properties of unfilled and filled polypropylene. The nanoindentation creep after irradiated unfilled Polypropylene was decreased up to 16 % (filled polypropylene was decreased up to 9%) compared to non-irradiated surface. These changes were examined and confirmed by Gel content.

Flame-retardant cotton fabrics modified with phosphoramidate derivative via electron beam irradiation process

2019 ◽  
pp. 152808371988181
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Fang Ding ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Irradiation Process

In this study, a novel flame-retardant diethyl methacryloylphosphoramidate containing phosphorus and nitrogen was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance. The synthesized compound was grafted onto cotton fabrics using electron beam irradiation and pad dry cure processes. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surfaces of the modified cotton fabrics to confirm that diethyl methacryloylphosphoramidate was grafted on cotton fabrics successfully. Both electron beam–cotton and pad dry cure–cotton exhibited efficient flame retardancy which was proved by limiting oxygen index and vertical flammability test. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that both electron beam-cotton and pad dry cure–cotton degraded at lower temperature and produced higher yields at 600℃. The tensile loss of electron beam–cotton was lower than that of pad dry cure–cotton, and within the acceptable range in flame retardant finishing.

scholarly journals Study on Wear and Morphological Behavior of Electron Beam Dose Irradiated Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-C)

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Md. Shahinur Rahman ◽  
Heon-Ju Lee ◽  
Jong-Keun Yang ◽  
Konstantin Lyakhov ◽  
Muhammad Athar Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Irradiation Condition ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Beam Dose

Polyoxymethylene copolymer (POM-C) is the most prominent engineering thermoplastic consisting of repeating carbon-oxygen bonds in the form of oxymethylene groups (OCH2). It is widely used to make small gear wheels, ball bearings, precision parts, automotive and consumer electronics. In this study, the POM-C round blocks were irradiated with 165 KeV electron beam energy in five doses (100, 200, 300, 500 and 700 kGy) in vacuum condition at room temperature. The wear rate, surface hardness and morphological properties of electron beam dose irradiated POM-C blocks surfaces have been analyzed using pin on disk tribometer, optical microscopy, nano-indenter, Raman spectroscopy, 3D nano surface profiler and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electron beam irradiation transferred the wear phenomena of unirradiated POM-C sample from the abrasive wear (plough and cracks), adhesive wear  (grooving/striation, micropitting) and scraping to mild scraping and striation for the 100 kGy dose irradiated POM-C sample due to cross-linking (macroscopic networks), chemical free radicals formations and partial physical modification (smoothness), which can be concluded from tribometer, optical microscopic, SEM and Raman spectroscopic observations. It also reduced the surface wear rate and average surface roughness with increasing microsurface hardness at threshold value of cross-linking among all unirradiated and others doses irradiated POM-C blocks. The level of tribological (wear and morphology) attribute improvement relies on the electron beam irradiation condition (energy and dose rate) depending on chemical and physical factors of polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Novel Organic Material Induced by Electron Beam Irradiation for Medical Application

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Barylski ◽  
Krzysztof Aniołek ◽  
Andrzej S. Swinarew ◽  
Sławomir Kaptacz ◽  
Jadwiga Gabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

This study analyzed the effects of irradiation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) containing 40% of bronze using an electron beam with energy of 10 MeV. Dosages from 26 to156 kGy (2.6–15.6 Mrad) were used. The impact of a high-energy electron beam on the thermal, spectrophotometric, mechanical, and tribological properties was determined, and the results were compared with those obtained for pure PTFE. Thermal properties studies showed that such irradiation caused changes in melting temperature Tm and crystallization temperature Tc, an increase in crystallization heat ∆Hc, and a large increase in crystallinity χc proportional to the absorbed dose for both polymers. The addition of bronze decreased the degree of crystallinity of PTFE by twofold. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirmed that the main phenomenon associated with electron beam irradiation was the photodegradation of the polymer chains for both PTFE containing bronze and pure PTFE. This had a direct effect on the increase in the degree of crystallinity observed in DSC studies. The use of a bronze additive could lead to energy dissipation over the additive particles. An increase in hardness H and Young’s modulus E was also observed. The addition of bronze and the irradiation with an electron beam improved of the operational properties of PTFE.

The formation of cross-linking networks in a fluorinated polymer composite system by electron beam irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 3159-3170
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Chao Fu ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Weiyan Li ◽  
Huiying Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fluorinated Polymer

NBR-PANI.DBSA BLENDS: EFFECT OF ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Good Potential

ABSTRACT The electron beam irradiation technique was successfully used to cross-link poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)-polyaniline dodecylbenzenesulfonate [NBR-PAni.DBSA] blends. Significant increase in cross-linking densities of all blends with doses of irradiation (up to 200 kGy) was observed, and a reasonably high cross-linking density level (in the order of 1030 m−3) also was achieved. All electron beam–irradiated NBR-PAni.DBSA blends exhibited good tensile properties (with tensile strength up to ∼20 MPa), with values that are comparable to those of similar blends cross-linked with either conventional sulfur or peroxide techniques. This kind of irradiation-induced cross-linking technique (at doses up to 200 kGy) also did not interrupt the blends' electrical properties after the blends were sufficiently stabilized for at least 24 h. The irradiated NBR-PAni.DBSA blends also possessed good electrical properties, that is, a single conductivity percolation threshold and high conductivities up to the order of 10−2 S.cm−1. All of these findings indicate a good potential for using the electron beam irradiation technique to prepare highly cross-linked, electrically conductive NBR-PAni.DBSA blends.

A study of roles of different valence of copper oxide interaction with electron beam irradiation in polyethylene composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-937
Author(s):  
Soo-Tueen Bee ◽  
Lee Tin Sin ◽  
CT Ratnam ◽  
Gin-Khuan Chua ◽  
AR Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Loading Level ◽  
Irradiation Dosage ◽  
Ldpe Composites

The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction of electron beam irradiation on the different valence of copper (I) and copper (II) oxides (Cu2O and CuO) added low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. The results showed the increasing of Cu2O loading level in replacing the CuO has significantly reduced the gel content (or degree of cross-linking networks) in LDPE matrix. This is due to the poorer effect of Cu2O in inducing the polymeric free radicals. Meanwhile, the application of low irradiation dosage (≤100 kGy) has significantly increased the crystallite size for crystallite peak (110) of all LDPE composites. However, further increment in irradiation dosages from 100 to 300 kGy has gradually reduced the crystallite size of deflection peak (110). The tensile strength of all LDPE composites was gradually decreased with increasing of Cu2O loading level due to agglomeration of Cu2O and CuO particles in LDPE matrix. In addition, the increasing of irradiation dosages on all Cu2O /CuO added LDPE composites has gradually increased the tensile strength by inducing the formation of the cross-linking networks in LDPE matrix. Nevertheless, the increasing of irradiation dosage has gradually decreased the elongation at break of all Cu2O /CuO added LDPE composites. This is due to the higher degree of cross-linking networks in LDPE matrix could restrict the mobility of LDPE macromolecular chains when subjected to straining stress.

The Behaviour of Cross-Linking Filled PP to Micro-Indentation Test

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Martin Ovsík ◽  
Vojtech Šenkeřík ◽  
David Manas ◽  
Miroslav Maňas ◽  
Michal Stanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Indentation Test ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Beta Radiation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Sensing ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Micro Indentation ◽  
Different Doses

Cross-linking is a process in which polymer chains are associated through chemical bonds. Radiation, which penetrated through specimens and reacted with the cross-linking agent, gradually formed cross-linking (3D net), first in the surface layer and then in the total volume, which resulted in considerable changes in specimen behaviour. The aim of the experiments was to study the influence of different doses of Beta radiation to the structure and micro-mechanical properties of polypropylene filled by 30% glass fiber (PP+GF). Hard surface layers of PP+GF can be formed by radiation cross-linking by β – radiation with doses of 33, 66 and 99 kGy. Material properties created by β – radiation are measured by micro-indentation test using the DSI method (Depth Sensing Indentation). Individual radiation doses caused structural and micro-mechanical changes which have a significant effect on the final properties of the PP+GF tested. Micro-mechanical properties increased with increasing value of the dose of irradiation material (increase about 49%). The changes were examined and confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

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