Performance of Undershot Waterwheel Curved Blade of the Laboratory Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Irwan Lie Keng Wong ◽  
Atus Buku ◽  
Josefine Ernestine Latupeirissa ◽  
Herby Calvin Pascal Tiwouy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Water Source ◽  
High Flow ◽  
The People ◽  
Flow Speeds ◽  
Curved Blade ◽  
High Torque

Undershot waterwheels have been used by the people in rural areas to lift and distribute the water to the bottom which is higher than the water source. Waterwheels has a relatively simple design, large diameter, high speed and high torque. But applying it as a microhydro with high speed and small diameter still has to be explored. Waterwheels can operate efficiently in locations with high flow speeds. The Waterwheel functions from a waterwheel blade as a place to ride water so that the wheel can spin. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the higher the flow of water with a large number of buckets, the speed of rotation of the wheel will be slower. Conversely, the lower the flow of water with the number of buckets a little then the spinning wheel is faster.

scholarly journals The problems of access to justice in rural areas (on the example of Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 01018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Justice System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The People ◽  
High Level ◽  
Rural Dwellers

In this scientific article, problems of access to justice in rural areas in Ukraine are considered. It is proved that for the people living in rural areas it is necessary to consider access to justice as possibility of free application to justice system for protection of their rights that is without any obstacles or difficulties. However in need of application to a court the rural dwellers face a lot of problems, such as: territorial, economic and organizational. Territorial problems relate to territorial distance of judicial authorities from rural areas. Economic problems relate to high level of court expenses and low financial well-being of rural dwellers. Organizational problems relate to absence of the necessary infrastructure in rural areas facilitating access to court (lack of transport infrastructure, absence of high-speed Internet and possibility to use technologies of “electronic justice”). The conclusion is that for the solution of this problem it is possible to offer the following steps: general development of infrastructure in rural areas; formation of judicial system on the basis of uniform territorial distribution; reduction of court expenses for dwellers of rural areas proportionally to the level of their incomes; development of institution of lay justice operating in rural areas.

High-Speed Steels Produced by Conventional Casting, Spray Forming and Powder Metallurgy

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Agnelli Mesquita ◽  
Celso Antonio Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Conventional Casting

Powder metallurgy (PM) and spray forming (SF) have been reported as important alternative routes for tool steel production. The ability to promote refined and more uniform microstructures is their main advantages, leading to improved properties and larger isotropy. While PM application is a completely established technology, the SF process may be considered as a not totally explored field. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the potential of both processes, focusing at high-speed steel (HSS) production. AISI M3:2 highspeed steel was produced by conventional casting, spray forming and powder metallurgy. Conventional ingots and a 400 mm diameter SF billet were rolled to small diameter bars, with cross section around 110 mm. The PM material was evaluated in the as-HIPed condition, in comparative diameters. Large diameter HSS bars are used mainly in cutting tools, but are also applied in cold work tooling when high wear resistance is required. In the present characterisation, microstructures and bend test analysis were used, both in transverse and longitudinal directions. The results show that the as-HIPed PM material presents finer and more uniform carbide distribution, leading to a complete isotropy and higher toughness than conventional steel. In the SF material, carbides are also finer, have good distribution and the isotropy is considerably higher than that for conventional HSS.

scholarly journals Efficient Management and Security of Data by Data Base Management System (DBMS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Ranjan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The People ◽  
Data Base Management System ◽  
The Government

Digital India is an initiative of the Government of India, under which government departments have to connect with the people of the country. The purpose of this scheme is to ensure that the government services can be accessible electronically to the public without use of paper. The purpose of this scheme is to connect the rural areas through High Speed Internet. A two-way platform will be built in this scheme where both (service providers and consumers) will be benefited. This will be an inter-ministerial initiative where all the ministries and departments will bring their services to the public such as health, education and judicial service, etc. The Public Private Partnership (PPP) model will be adopted as a choice. This scheme is one of the top priority projects of the Central Government. While there are many significant drawbacks like legal framework, lack of privacy, lack of data security rules, civilian autonomy abuses, and lack of parliamentary surveillance for Indian e-surveillance and Indian cyber insecurity. All these shortcomings will be removed before implementing Digital India.

Differences in the brain stem terminations of large- and small-diameter vestibular primary afferents

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Huwe ◽  
E. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Axon Diameter ◽  
Vestibular Complex ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

1. We visualized the central axons of 32 vestibular afferents from the posterior canal by extracellular application of horseradish peroxidase, reconstructed them in three dimensions, and quantified their morphology. Here we compare the descending limbs of central axons that differ in parent axon diameter. 2. The brain stem distribution of descending limb terminals (collaterals and associated varicosities) varies systematically with parent axon diameter. Large-diameter afferents concentrate their terminals in rostral regions of the medial/descending nuclei. As axon diameter decreases, there is a significant shift of terminal concentration toward the caudal vestibular complex and adjacent brain stem. 3. Rostral and caudal regions of the medial/descending nuclei have different labyrinthine, cerebellar, intrinsic, commissural, and spinal connections; they are believed to play different roles in head movement control. Our data help clarify the functions of large- and small-diameter afferents by showing that they contribute differentially to rostral and caudal vestibular complex.

Lifeline Express: Hospital Train in Rural India

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660422197724
Author(s):  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Saima Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Pushpita Mim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities

India’s medical service industry is an emerging force in Southeast Asia, which should be recognized. A large portion of the country’s GDP is being earned through this sector. Paradoxically, India’s rural sphere has always been highly deprived of medical facilities even in rudimentary level. This huge imbalance was previously an issue for India to reach to a footing through innovation. India still being a developing country has majority of people living in rural areas where quality healthcare is not only difficult to avail but sometimes even hard to access. In such circumstances, an initiative like Lifeline Express (LLE) has provided the people with access to quality healthcare which has been crucially needed. It is a very simple idea but incredibly complex in terms of execution throughout the whole region. The LLE is a hospital which moves throughout rural India in a form of a fully equipped train. Since 1991, this initiative in India has generated some commendable projects through which it has served many rural Indians. Through this case, it will be comprehensible of how the train and the medical team function and will show the limitations and challenges healthcare in India is facing and how LLE has proved its fantastic ability to fight with the constraints and make healthcare reach the doorsteps of the rural people. Despite the challenges and limitations, it is also been revealed how the journey of LLE has grown from a three-coach train to seven-coach train where patients get treatment of many diseases from the early 1990s to this day.

scholarly journals Optimization of Air Gap Length and Capacitive Auxiliary Winding in Three-Phase Induction Motors Based on a Genetic Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4407
Author(s):  
Mbika Muteba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
High Torque ◽  
Cage Induction Motor

There is a necessity to design a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor (SCIM) for high-speed applications with a larger air gap length in order to limit the distortion of air gap flux density, the thermal expansion of stator and rotor teeth, centrifugal forces, and the magnetic pull. To that effect, a larger air gap length lowers the power factor, efficiency, and torque density of a three-phase SCIM. This should inform motor design engineers to take special care during the design process of a three-phase SCIM by selecting an air gap length that will provide optimal performance. This paper presents an approach that would assist with the selection of an optimal air gap length (OAL) and optimal capacitive auxiliary stator winding (OCASW) configuration for a high torque per ampere (TPA) three-phase SCIM. A genetic algorithm (GA) assisted by finite element analysis (FEA) is used in the design process to determine the OAL and OCASW required to obtain a high torque per ampere without compromising the merit of achieving an excellent power factor and high efficiency for a three-phase SCIM. The performance of the optimized three-phase SCIM is compared to unoptimized machines. The results obtained from FEA are validated through experimental measurements. Owing to the penalty functions related to the value of objective and constraint functions introduced in the genetic algorithm model, both the FEA and experimental results provide evidence that an enhanced torque per ampere three-phase SCIM can be realized for a large OAL and OCASW with high efficiency and an excellent power factor in different working conditions.

scholarly journals Elastic Modulus and Elasticity Ratio of Malignant Breast Lesions with Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography: Variations with Different Region of Interest and Lesion Size

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Antonio Bulum ◽  
Gordana Ivanac ◽  
Eugen Divjak ◽  
Iva Biondić Špoljar ◽  
Martina Džoić Dominković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Ultrasound Elastography ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
The Impact

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a type of ultrasound elastography with which the elastic properties of breast tissues can be quantitatively assessed. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different regions of interest (ROI) and lesion size on the performance of SWE in differentiating malignant breast lesions. The study included 150 female patients with histopathologically confirmed malignant breast lesions. Minimal (Emin), mean (Emean), maximal (Emax) elastic modulus and elasticity ratio (e-ratio) values were measured using a circular ROI size of 2, 4 and 6 mm diameters and the lesions were divided into large (diameter ≥ 15 mm) and small (diameter < 15 mm). Highest Emin, Emean and e-ratio values and lowest variability were observed when using the 2 mm ROI. Emax values did not differ between different ROI sizes. Larger lesions had significantly higher Emean and Emax values, but there was no difference in e-ratio values between lesions of different sizes. In conclusion, when measuring the Emin, Emean and e-ratio of malignant breast lesions using SWE the smallest possible ROI size should be used regardless of lesion size. ROI size has no impact on Emax values while lesion size has no impact on e-ratio values.

scholarly journals Lifeline Express: Hospital Train in Rural India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Jashim Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Saima Siddiqui ◽  
Asma Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Pushpita Mim
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities

India’s medical service industry is an emerging force in Southeast Asia, which should be recognized. A large portion of the country’s GDP is being earned through this sector. Paradoxically, India’s rural sphere has always been highly deprived of medical facilities even in rudimentary level. This huge imbalance was previously an issue for India to reach to a footing through innovation. India still being a developing country has majority of people living in rural areas where quality healthcare is not only difficult to avail but sometimes even hard to access. In such circumstances, an initiative like Lifeline Express (LLE) has provided the people with access to quality healthcare which has been crucially needed. It is a very simple idea but incredibly complex in terms of execution throughout the whole region. The LLE is a hospital which moves throughout rural India in a form of a fully equipped train. Since 1991, this initiative in India has generated some commendable projects through which it has served many rural Indians. Through this case, it will be comprehensible of how the train and the medical team function and will show the limitations and challenges healthcare in India is facing and how LLE has proved its fantastic ability to fight with the constraints and make healthcare reach the doorsteps of the rural people. Despite the challenges and limitations, it is also been revealed how the journey of LLE has grown from a three-coach train to seven-coach train where patients get treatment of many diseases from the early 1990s to this day.

Depoliticisation, hybridisation and dual processes of stigmatisation: An examination of the civilising offensive in China’s rural areas through moral review councils

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110294
Author(s):  
Shaoying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The People ◽  
Democratic Election

In this article, I examine the moral review councils (MRCs) established in China’s rural areas since the early 1980s. I show that MRCs create a liminal plebeian public sphere in the context of a civilising offensive that deals with the uncivil behaviours of individuals and disputes between neighbours. In this plebeian public sphere, the MRC incorporates techniques of the Maoist mass meeting, the democratic election, traditional mediation and a pedagogy of exemplars, all of which are depoliticised into purely technical instruments. Their institutional legitimacy comes from organised virtues based on councillors’ male seniority and the democratic method of their selection. MRCs, as an instrument of a civilising offensive, are a kind of paternalistic technology, which involves a complex strategy of a hybridity of acts, relationships, thoughts, desires and temptations of village residents in the context of the reform era. The people targeted in this civilising offensive often experience two levels of stigmatisation and their participation determines the effectiveness of the operation of MRCs.

Analysis Influence of Pile Embedded Depth and Diameter on Pile Tip Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 459-462
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Zheng ◽  
Bin Fang ◽  
Lian Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Tip Resistance

Pile tip absolute settlement curves and relative settlement curves of several working cases were analyzed. It is found that load-settlement curve characteristic related to the selection standard. The tip resistance initial stiffness of each case was analyzed. Results show that the small diameter pile has higher initial stiffness than large diameter pile, embedded depth has little influence on initial stiffness ratio, but increment of initial stiffness is linear with embedded depth growth.

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