Geopolymer Preparation from Bamboo Ash Containing Kaolin as Ash Fusion Control Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi ◽  
Aprilina Purbasari ◽  
Winny Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Ir Absorption ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Bamboo Culm ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect

Bamboo is a prospective biomass fuel due to its high heating value and growth rate. The addition of kaolin is necessary in the thermal conversion of biomass to increase its ash fusion temperature (AFT), thus reducing fouling and corrosion of the combustion system. This study evaluates the feasibility of utilizing bamboo-kaolin co-processing residue for geopolymer synthesis. Thermochemical calculations suggest that bamboo culm ash liquidus increases by 15% by adding kaolin during combustion at a biomass to kaolin mass ratio of 95:5%. A 23 full factorial experiment measures the effect of activator Na2SiO3:KOH ratio, KOH concentration, and heat-curing period at 60 °C on the early strength of geopolymer mortars. Co-processing residue of bamboo-kaolin at a mass ratio of 95:5% produces geopolymer mortars with compressive strengths in the 10.7-40.3 MPa range. ANOVA treatment of the data indicate strong positive effect of KOH concentration. Crystalline phase characterizations indicate that the co-processing is able to convert kaolin to the amorphous, more reactive metakaolin. A shift in the IR absorption band from 1034 to 1008 cm-1 is attributed to the conversion of Si-O-Si bonds of the co-processing residue into Si-O-Al and Si-O-K bonds of the geopolymer gel phase. These results suggest the feasibility of geopolymerization as a waste valorization pathway to ensure the sustainability of the biomass-based energy production.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye with TiO2 immobilized on SiC foam using full factorial design

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Henri Allé ◽  
Guy Didier Fanou ◽  
Didier Robert ◽  
Kopoin Adouby ◽  
Patrick Drogui
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Synthetic Solution ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Diagram Analysis

Abstract Textile effluents treatment is one of the important environmental challenges nowadays. Photocatalysis has proven its effectiveness for the removal of recalcitrant compounds, and it is considered as a green technology for the treatment of effluents. However, good photocatalytic yield is strongly related to the operating parameters. In this study, a supported TiO2 on a β-SiC foam was tested for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB). The photocatalytic discoloration of RhB synthetic solution in our condition was about 90%. The effects of each parameter were assessed through a full factorial design. Sixteen tests were carried out and the response was RhB removal. The most influent parameters were TiO2/β-SiC foam quantity, the concentration of RhB, the volume of H2O2 and pH. Their contributions on RhB removal were, respectively, 53.01, 30.49, 2.7, and 2.48% according to Pareto diagram. Analysis of the coefficients shows that initial concentration of RhB and volume of H2O2 had a negative effect on the response. However, the quantity of TiO2/β-SiC foam and pH had a positive effect on the response. The influence of the flow rate on the process was assessed. The results showed a slight increase in RhB removal. Furthermore, the aging test of TiO2/β-SiC foam on the photocatalytic efficiency was carried out after ten successive photocatalysis tests. Only 6.7% loss of yield was observed. These results are very encouraging for an application at the industrial scale.

scholarly journals Interactions between organisms and parent materials of a constructed Technosol shape its hydrostructural properties

SOIL ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Deeb ◽  
Michel Grimaldi ◽  
Thomas Z. Lerch ◽  
Anne Pando ◽  
Agnès Gigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. There is no information on how organisms influence hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols and how such influence will be affected by the parent-material composition factor. In a laboratory experiment, parent materials, which were excavated deep horizons of soils and green waste compost (GWC), were mixed at six levels of GWC (from 0 to 50 %). Each mixture was set up in the presence/absence of plants and/or earthworms, in a full factorial design (n  =  96). After 21 weeks, hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols were characterized by soil shrinkage curves. Organisms explained the variance of hydrostructural characteristics (19 %) a little better than parent-material composition (14 %). The interaction between the effects of organisms and parent-material composition explained the variance far better (39 %) than each single factor. To summarize, compost and plants played a positive role in increasing available water in macropores and micropores; plants were extending the positive effect of compost up to 40 and 50 % GWC. Earthworms affected the void ratio for mixtures from 0 to 30 % GWC and available water in micropores, but not in macropores. Earthworms also acted synergistically with plants by increasing their root biomass, resulting in positive effects on available water in macropores. Organisms and their interaction with parent materials positively affected the hydrostructural properties of constructed Technosols, with potential positive consequences on resistance to drought or compaction. Considering organisms when creating Technosols could be a promising approach to improve their fertility.

scholarly journals Workability and Strength Properties of Class C Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Mortar

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Remigildus Cornelis ◽  
Henricus Priyosulistyo ◽  
Iman Satyarno ◽  
Rochmadi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Heat Curing ◽  
Absolute Volume ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Class C ◽  
Direct Tensile ◽  
Ambient Curing

Fly ash-based geopolymer mortar normally achieves expected properties by heat curing. This becomes one of the obstacles for in-situ applications. The development of high calcium fly ash-based geopolymer mortar, suitable for ambient curing, will gain the applicability of such a material in civil structures. This article reports the results of an experimental study on mortar workability and the increasing of compressive strength of class C fly ash-based geopolymer mortar created in ambient curing condition. The main synthesis parameters such as alkali to the cementitious mass ratio varied from 30% to 40% by an increment of 5% and absolute volume of paste to absolute volume of voids of the aggregate ratio varied from 1 to 2 by an increment of 0.25. These parameters were designed to figure out their individual effects on mortar workability and the mechanical properties for the production of geopolymer mortar. The results suggested that the workability of mortar generally increased by using alkali to the cementitious mass ratio. The compressive strength of 60 MPa and the direct tensile strength of 2.8 MPa, the ratio of alkali to the cementitious mass of 0.35 and absolute volume of paste to absolute volume of voids of the aggregate ratio was 1.5; it was obtained at ambient temperature after 28 days of age. The results will be useful for developing the knowledge for the use of class C fly ash in producing geopolymer concrete, which is currently in progress. Hopefully, this contribution of research will improve the applications of such new binding material in the future.

scholarly journals Characterization of residual biomass from the harvest of Eucalyptus saligna for thermal conversion processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e13
Author(s):  
Joyce Helena da Silveira ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Thomé Dorneles ◽  
Victor Hugo Andreis Sebben ◽  
Fabiano Perin Gasparin ◽  
Lúcia Allebrandt da Silva Ries
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Eucalyptus Saligna ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

Considering the increasing need for renewable products, the present work aims to evaluate the physical-chemical properties of the eucalyptus harvest residues and its constituent fractions individually (barks, leaves, and branches), through proximate, ultimate, energetic and thermal analyzes. The biomass studied was Eucalyptus saligna species, cultivated mainly for the production of pulp and paper. The proximate analysis of the residue resulted in the moisture content of 10.1%, ash content of 3.9%, volatile materials about 81.1%, and fixed carbon of 15.0%, showing similar values to the constituent fractions. The ultimate analysis of the residue resulted in 46.5% of carbon content, 5.8% of hydrogen, and 43.2% of oxygen. The high heating value (HHV) for the residue is 17.93 MJ/kg, comparable to other biomasses of importance, including eucalyptus wood, the noblest part of the forest cultivation. The thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were carried out and the resulting thermograms show three main ranges of biomass degradation. The first range, from 30 to 150 °C, corresponds to the drying of the material; in the range from 200 to 325 °C hemicelluloses degrade, with partial degradation of lignin and cellulose, and in the range from 325 to 380 °C, the majority of cellulose degradation takes place. The physical-chemical data demonstrate that the eucalyptus residue is an excellent source of biomass for thermal conversion processes. Obtaining products with higher added value from this residue contributes to the implementation of new technological practices that link economic development to environmental responsibility.

scholarly journals Effects of fluxing agents on gasification reactivity and gas composition of high ash fusion temperature coal

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifang Zhao ◽  
Yulong Wang ◽  
Yonghui Bai ◽  
Yongfei Zuo ◽  
Lunjing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Fusion Temperature ◽  
Gasification Reactivity ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Ash Fusion Temperature ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Fluxing Agent

A Na-based fluxing agent Na2O (NBFA) and a composite fluxing agent (mixture of CaO and Fe2O3 with mass ratio of 3:1, CFA for short) were used to decrease the ash fusion temperature of the Dongshan and Xishan coal from Shanxi of China and make these coal meet the requirements of the specific gasification process. The main constituents of the fluxing agents used in this study can play a catalyst role in coal gasification. So it is necessary to understand the effect of fluxing agents on coal gasification reactivity and gas composition. The results showed that the ash fusion temperature of the two coal used decreased to the lowest point due to the eutectic phenomenon when 5 wt% of CFA or NBFA was added. Simultaneously, the gas molar ratio of H2/CO changed when CFA was added. A key application was thus found where the gas molar ratio of H2/CO can be adjusted by controlling the fluxing agent amount to meet the synthetic requirements for different chemical products.

scholarly journals Utilization of the integrated process of supercritical extraction and impregnation for incorporation of Helichrysum italicum extract into corn starch xerogel

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetolik Maksimovic ◽  
Vanja Tadic ◽  
Jasna Ivanovic ◽  
Tanja Radmanovic ◽  
Stoja Milovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Process ◽  
Supercritical Impregnation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

Supercritical CO2 extraction of Helichrysum italicum and impregnation of starch xerogels with the extract by using an integrated scCO2 extraction and impregnation process were performed at 350 bar and 40?C in order to produce biomaterials for possible oral intake of the extract. Xerogels produced by air-drying of acetogels and alcogels were used as carriers in the supercritical impregnation process. The effect of ethanol as a co-solvent, contact time, plant material/carrier mass ratio and xerogel preparation on the impregnation loading was studied. The highest impregnation loading (1.26?0.22%) was achieved after 5 h impregnation of the xerogel obtained from alcogel using pure scCO2 and plant material/ /carrier mass ratio of 10. Chemical analysis of the extracts showed that the addition of ethanol as co-solvent had a positive effect on scCO2 selectivity to terpene fraction and total flavonoids, while it lowered the total phenolic content. Despite the difference in chemical composition, both extracts expressed similar antioxidant activity according to the DPPH and FRAP methods. The integrated process was shown to be a feasible method for isolation and incorporation of bioactive components of H. italicum into starch xerogels.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF ELIONURUS HENSII K. SCHUM ESSENTIAL OIL IN A DOMESTIC SCALE IN THE “PLATEAU DES CATARACTES” (CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Silou T
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect

Elionurus hensii yields essential oils composed mainly of para-menthadienols in its stems and about 50 % aristo lone in its roots. These oils, which exhibit anti-microbial and anti-oxidant properties, were extracted by hydro distillation with a local extractor and was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC/FID and GC/MS). To optimize this domestic process, a 23 full factorial design is used to assess the effects and interactions of potentially influential factors. Stems yield 1-2% in essential oil. The extraction time and the degree of division of the plant material had negligible effects on the yield. Only the residual water content had a significant positive effect, together with the interaction between this content and the degree of division. The cumulated content of the four isomeric paramenthadienols present in the oil was insensitive to the effects and interactions of the factors.Roots yield 0.5 - 0.9 % in essential oil. The overall effects and interactions of factors on the yield and the aristo lone content were negligible. Principal component analysis of samples obtained with the experimental design, and their radar plots, indicated a very strong resemblance between oils obtained from the same plant part, and a marked difference between those obtained from different plant parts.

The effect of the preparation process on the swelling behavior of silk fibroin-polyurethane composite hydrogels using a full factorial experimental design

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Cai ◽  
Feilong Han ◽  
Jingen Hu ◽  
Gewen Xu ◽  
Yiping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Composite Hydrogels ◽  
Full Factorial Experimental Design ◽  
Full Factorial

Abstract Polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was synthesized by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) as the soft segments, isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as the hard segment and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and diethylene glycol (DEG) as chain extenders. Silk fibroin (SF)-PU composite hydrogels were prepared by SF and PUP through chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking interactions. A full factorial experimental design with four factors and four levels was applied to optimize the craft of preparing SF-PU composite hydrogels. The molecular weight of PEG, IPDI/(PEG+PPG) (molar ratio), PEG/(PEG+PPG) (molar ratio) and SF/(SF+PU) (mass ratio) were the factors. The swelling behavior of hydrogels was tested in deionized water at 30°C. The results showed that the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) was the largest by tuning the molecular weight of PEG to 4000, IPDI/(PEG+PPG)(molar ratio) to 3, PEG/(PEG+PPG) (molar ratio) to 40% and SF/(SF+PU) (mass ratio) to 2%. Fickian diffusion played a dominant role in the initial stage of swelling. For the whole process, the results fitted well into the Schott second-order kinetic equation.

Modeling of Photo Catalytic Degradation of Chloramphenicol using Full Factorial Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mamta Dubey ◽  
Mumtaj Shah
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Order Model ◽  
First Order ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect

In this study, photo catalytic degradation of chloramphenicol (CAP) using TiO2 as photo catalyst in an annular batch photo reactor was carried out. A full factorial design with three experimental factors; pH (X1), TiO2 concentration (X2) and CAP initial concentration (X3) was selected for degradation process. A multiple regression first order model obtained as which shows a functional relationship between the degradation rate of CAP, three experimental factors and the interactions of the factors on the entire process. The results show that the factor pH and TiO2 have strong effect on the process while CAP concentration has weak effect in comparison to other factors, within the range tested. Interaction (X2X3) and (X1X2X3) also significantly affect the degradation experiment. TiO2 concentration has a positive effect but pH and CAP concentration have negative effect on the entire degradation process. An average of 80.22% of degradation rate of CAP can be achieved from current setup. The regression model is adequate enough with R2 value of 0.9708 and adj-R2 value of 0.9453.

Clay Ceramic Support Membrane Optimization Using Factorial Design Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
M. Ait Baih ◽  
N. Saffaj ◽  
A. Bakka ◽  
R. Mamouni ◽  
N. El baraka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Ceramic Support ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Positive Effect

In the present study, the effect of Sintering temperature, Particle size and Heating rate of the ceramic support membrane Elaboration based on dry clay were evaluated using full factorial design and investigated by porosity and mechanical strength measures. The flat supports have been prepared from 5 g of the material with a two fraction 2 and 30 µm, the extrusion was performed using the uniaxial pressing in applicant a pressure of 12 tones, the supports sintered between 900° C and 1200°C with a different heating rate (1°C/min and 10°C/min). By using full factorial design 23, it was found that the sintering temperature is the main controlling factors of the physical properties of dry ceramic support membrane, and its increase had a positive effect on Mechanical strength and negative effect on porosity. The interactions between the factors were relatively less important, and they had different (antagonistic/synergetic) influence on the properties. The optimal factors to elaborate the support membrane include a particle size of 2 µm, sintering temperature of 950°C, Heating rate of 1°C predicting the porosity of 40, 8% and Mechanical strength of 12 MPa.

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