Particulate Matters Propagation by the Surface Winning

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Lukáčová ◽  
Miroslav Badida ◽  
Marek Moravec ◽  
Pavol Liptai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Areal Extent ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Visual Impact

In surface winning particulate matters are generated from a range of site preparation, stockpiling, loading, transportation and processing activities. This article aims to review issues relevant to particulate matters produced by the surface winning and impact on people living near by the quarry. Due to the areal extent of the site and limitations imposed by readily available data, the article has focused upon activities associated with quarry. On the base of obtained data was composed mathematical model of the distribution of particulate matter from the source to the surroundings to visual impact of the quarry and potential impact of the particulate matters. The visualization is shown direction of particulate matters propagation and allows decide on used measures to eliminate negative impact on people and environment.

Measuring of Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Concentrations in Village of Jasov

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Vilcekova ◽  
Judita Kubinova ◽  
Eva Kridlova Burdova
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Atmospheric Reactions ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter ◽  
Stationary Sources

Increase in particulate matter air contamination and its negative impact on human health have resulted in efforts to monitor and identify the sources. Particles are produced by photochemical atmospheric reactions and the coagulation of combustion products from automobiles and stationary sources, with lifetimes of several days or more. The occurrence of particulate matters indoors depends on outdoor pollution and its transport indoors as well as on the presence of indoor sources. This paper aims to carry out a measuring of particular matters concentrations in indoor air of selected buildings and in outdoor air in village of Jasov. The mass concentrations of particulate matters for fractions of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrometers were measured and evaluated in order to determine the extent of exposure of people.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eid ◽  
David Beggs ◽  
Peter Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Particulate Matter Pollution in the Urban Areas of Croatia, EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Martina Habulan ◽  
Bojan Đurin ◽  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Nikola Sakač
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

Particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of chemical compounds and water particles found in the air. The size of suspended particles is directly related to the negative impact on human health and the environment. In this paper, we present an analysis of the PM pollution in urban areas of Croatia. Data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured with nine instruments at seven stationary measuring units located in three continental cities, namely Zagreb (the capital), Slavonski Brod, and Osijek, and two cities on the Adriatic coast, namely Rijeka and Dubrovnik. We analyzed an hourly course of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and average seasonal PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 2017 to 2019. At most measuring stations, maximum concentrations were recorded during autumn and winter, which can be explained by the intensive use of fossil fuels and traffic. Increases in PM concentrations during the summer months at measuring stations in Rijeka and Dubrovnik may be associated with the intensive arrival of tourists by air during the tourist season, and lower PM concentrations during the winter periods may be caused by a milder climate consequently resulting in lower consumption of fossil fuels and use of electric energy for heating.

scholarly journals Dependence of the Flue Gas Flow on the Setting of the Separation Baffle in the Flue Gas Tract

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nikola Čajová Kantová ◽  
Alexander Čaja ◽  
Marek Patsch ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Peter Ďurčanský
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cfd Simulations ◽  
Piv Measurements ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Combustion Of Solid Fuels

With the combustion of solid fuels, emissions such as particulate matter are also formed, which have a negative impact on human health. Reducing their amount in the air can be achieved by optimizing the combustion process as well as the flue gas flow. This article aims to optimize the flue gas tract using separation baffles. This design can make it possible to capture particulate matter by using three baffles and prevent it from escaping into the air in the flue gas. The geometric parameters of the first baffle were changed twice more. The dependence of the flue gas flow on the baffles was first observed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and subsequently verified by the particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) method. Based on the CFD results, the most effective is setting 1 with the same boundary conditions as those during experimental PIV measurements. Setting 2 can capture 1.8% less particles and setting 3 can capture 0.6% less particles than setting 1. Based on the stoichiometric calculations, it would be possible to capture up to 62.3% of the particles in setting 1. The velocities comparison obtained from CFD and PIV confirmed the supposed character of the turbulent flow with vortexes appearing in the flue gas tract, despite some inaccuracies.

scholarly journals The impact of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed on feeding guilds of birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Jiří Reif
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlant invasions alter bird community composition worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms still require exploration. The investigation of feeding guild structure of bird communities can be informative in respect to the potential impact of invasion features on the availability of food for birds. For this purpose, we focused on determining the influence of the invasive Sosnowsky’s Hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi on the abundance of birds from various feeding guilds. In spring and summer 2019, birds were counted three times on 52 pairs of sites (control + Heracleum) in southern Poland, at various stages of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed development (i.e. sprouting, full growth and flowering, all corresponding to respective bird counts). We have shown that the presence of invader negatively affected the abundance of birds from all feeding guilds. However, a closer examination of the invaded sites uncovered that responses of particular guilds differed in respect to development stages expressed by a set of characteristics of the invader. Ground and herb insectivores were more common on plots with a higher number of the invader, while the abundance of bush and tree insectivores was negatively correlated with hogweeds’ height. Granivores were not affected by the invader’s features, while the abundance of omnivores was negatively related to the number of flowering hogweeds. Besides showing the general negative impact of the invader on different feeding guilds, our research has shown that certain aspects of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed invasion may support or depress occurrence of different birds on invaded plots. Knowledge of these aspects may facilitate our capacity for coping with challenges the invasive plants put in front of bird conservationists.

scholarly journals Airborne Particulate Matter from Sparkling Fireworks

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Haruki Shimazu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Burning Time ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
The Mean

The present study examines the emission levels of particulate matters (PM) from sparkling fireworks and to know the emission characteristics of PM. Particulate matter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) were determined while burning six brands of sparkling fireworks. The average PM concentrations before burning were levels of 10 μg/m3, but the average concentrations after burning were 741 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 810 μg/m3 for SPM. The mean ratio of the concentrations of PM2.5 and SPM after burning in all of the sparkling fireworks was 0.890. The emissions per firework ranged from 6.5 mg to 151 mg for PM2.5, and from 7.1 mg to 160 mg for SPM. The means of the emissions per combustible amount of the firework ranged from 0.017 to 0.066 mg/mg for PM2.5, and from 0.018 to 0.071 mg/mg for SPM. The influences of the burning time, burning rate and combustible amount of the fireworks on the PM emissions were investigated. As a result, PM2.5 and SPM emissions tend to increase with the burning rates. This suggests that the burning rate of firework have an influence on the PM emissions.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Distribution of In Situ Cigarette Combustion-Generated Particulate Matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Shi Chen ◽  
Hanqing Liu ◽  
Zhiguo Sun ◽  
Hongyong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Axial Position ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Total Particulate Matter

This paper has established a two-dimensional (2D) mathematical model for the generation, growth, and deposition of cigarette total particulate matter (TPM) in the smoldering state. The model has covered the chemical reactions and mass transfer as well as the mechanism of generation, flow, and condensation of particulate matter inside a burning cigarette. Cigarette smoke was generated by puffing under a constant pressure, and the pressure of the filter outlet was −274 Pa. The peak of the concentration of particulate matter was spatially overlapped with the peaks of pyrolysis and oxidation. Pertaining to the cross section of the cigarette at the same axial position, the peak of the diameter of particulate matter along the radial distribution first appeared in the zone near the edge of the cigarette cross section, and then gradually moved to the center of the cigarette with the cigarette smoke moving away from the combustion cone. The maximum number density of particulate matter calculated by the 2D mathematical model at the same axial position of the cigarette and the corresponding particle diameter, as well as the filtration efficiency of the filter rod, are in good accordance with the experimental data reported in previous studies.

The Solution Design of Hobbing Worm Milling Cutters Face Teeth Undercut

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Aneta Milsimerová
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Teeth Grinding ◽  
Complex Operation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Solution Design

Face teeth grinding of special tools, as hobing worm milling cutters are, is the shape and cinematically complex operation with the respect to achieving the necessary accuracy and resultant shape geometry. The grinding wheel shape, it ́s size and the control helix angle of hobing worm are the primary factors which are compelling the ground groove accuracy during the face teeth sharpening process. Inappropriately selected combination of these parameters causes undercut of this surface and the negative impact on required accuracy. The main aim of the solution is to find a variable and to create a parametric mathematical model to calculate appropriate grinding wheel shape according to the input factors – hobing worm and grinding wheel parameters which affects this issue. This system will be used to create the initial grinding wheel surface and a helix groove undercut calculation program. The graphical part of this programme will be the next benefit.

Australian female athlete perceptions of the challenges associated with training and competing when menstrual symptoms are present

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
Mike Armour ◽  
Kelly A Parry ◽  
Kylie Steel ◽  
Caroline A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Contraceptive Usage ◽  
Menstrual Symptoms ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Coaches consider various competencies (e.g. conditioning, nutrition, skills and tactics), when planning sessions, though rarely the impact of menstruation on the efficacy of training and competition performance for athletes. Given the impact menstrual symptoms can have on athletes, the management strategies that athletes may use to minimise any potential impact, and the mechanisms that provide barriers to greater coach athlete interaction require investigation and consideration. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the strategies used by athletes to manage menstrual symptoms and the role coaches played in this process. An anonymous, 36-item questionnaire was developed and hosted on Qualtrics. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square statistics were used to analyse the data. One hundred and twenty-four valid responses from Australian athletes 16–45, with a mean age of 29 years, were received. Period pain (82%) and pre-menstrual symptoms (83%) were commonly reported and contributed to fatigue and to perceived reductions in performance during or just prior to the period (50.0% in training, 58.7% on ‘game day’). Contraceptive use was reported by 42% of athletes. Those reporting heavy menstrual bleeding (29.7%) were more likely to report increased fatigue (relative risk 1.6, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.32). Over three-quarters of athletes reported neither they nor their coaches altered training due to the menstrual cycle. Most athletes (76%) did not discuss menstruation with their coaches. Given the perceived negative impact on performance and potential risks with contraceptive usage during adolescence, coaches, trainers and athletes need to have a more open dialogue around the menstrual cycle.

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