Influence of Laser Power and Scanning Speed on the Formation of Single Tracks Formed by Laser Cladding

2021 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
A.N. Gots ◽  
A.B. Lyukhter ◽  
Dmitry A. Kochuev ◽  
K.A. Frolov ◽  
I.V. Rumyantcev
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Radiation Zone

One of the well-known methods for increasing wear resistance, especially for friction pairs, is surfacing wear-resistant materials on the working surfaces of mating parts [1, 2, 3]. Less expensive grades of steel can be used as the main material in the manufacture of parts, and the surfacing materials in this case must have increased characteristics: mechanical, corrosion and radiation resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance; good anti-friction properties, i.e. more expensive [4, 5]. This significantly reduces the cost of manufacturing or repairing parts, especially in mass production, since cheap grades of steel are used for their manufacture [5, 6]. Improvement of parts by gas powder laser cladding is carried out in shipbuilding, energy, oil and gas and mining industries, in the aviation industry and others. Note that although the method of coating appeared a long time ago, various methods of applying surfaced coatings are still being developed and refined [5,6]. In gas powder laser cladding, coatings are obtained by forcing the powder flow directly into the laser radiation zone [7, 8]. The powder particles are heated in the laser radiation zone and fall on the treated surface (substrate). It is known that the powder particles melt only after they hit the substrate [3, 4], but at the same time the surface layer of the base metal melts. After heating and melting the substrate, a liquid melt bath is formed, which, along with the molten powder, contains a significant part of the base metal components [7, 8]. The intensity of saturation of the surfacing metal with the substrate components is characterized by the proportion of the base metal in the cross section of the track, which is determined by the mixing ratio [9, 10, 11]. It is equal to the ratio of the area of the melted substrate to the sum of the areas of the melted substrate and the track as a percentage and depends on the cladding modes, which is determined after metallographic studies of the structure of protective coatings [8].

Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded NiCrFeSiB Self-Fluxing Composite Coatings

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
Ion Dragoş Uţu ◽  
Viorel Aurel Şerban ◽  
Alexandru Pascu ◽  
Ionut Claudiu Roată
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Laser Cladding Process ◽  
Metallurgical Bond ◽  
Feedstock Material

Laser cladding process is used to obtain protective coatings using as heat source a laser. This melts the substrate and the feedstock material to create a protective coating and provides a strong metallurgical bond with minimal dilution of the base material and reduced heat affected zone. In the present study a commercial NiCrSiFeB composition was deposited by laser cladding process using different parameters onto the surface of a steel substrate. The obtained coatings were investigated in terms of microstructure, hardness and wear behavior. The experimental results revealed that the laser power had a considerable influence on the wear resistance of NiCrSiFeB coatings.

Research on Microstructure and Hardness of Laser Cladding Using the Mixed Powder of Nano-TiC and Ni-Based Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Qiu Hong Feng ◽  
Wei Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
Cladding Material

Aiming at the problem of poor high-temperature wear-resistance of rope clamp used in super-high speed elevators, the experiments of laser cladding to prepare carbide reinforced composite coating were made. nanoTiC powder, Ni-based alloy powder were used as cladding material. The microstructure and hardness of composite coating were tested by relevant equipments. The research results show that the composite coating is made up of TiC, Cr3C2, Fe3C and Fe-Ni-Cr-C HYPERLINK "javascript:void (0);" solid solution. When the content of TiC is 10%, 30%, the morphology of TiC is presented as dendrite-like and the morphology of HYPERLINK "javascript:void (0);" solid solution is presented as cellular-like. When the content of TiC is 50%, the morphology of TiC is presented as block-like, lath-like. There are some microcracks on grain boundaries. At the content of 30%, laser power 1.5KW, scanning speed 600mm/min, the laser cladding has no crack and hole. The average hardness of composite coating is 701HV0.2. Using this technology to the surface strengthening of elevator parts, the wear resistance and service life can be greatly improved.

scholarly journals Microstructures and Wear Resistance of FeCoCrNi-Mo High Entropy Alloy/Diamond Composite Coatings by High Speed Laser Cladding

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijiang Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yingbo Peng ◽  
Mingyang Zhang ◽  
Shuyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
High Entropy Alloy ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
High Scanning Speed

FeCoCrNi-Mo high entropy alloy/diamond composite coatings were successfully prepared by high speed laser cladding. A high scanning speed was adopted (>30 mm/s), and the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and diamond content on the microstructure and wear resistance of the composite coating were studied. The processing parameters of laser cladding had significant influence on the dilution ratio, graphitization of diamond, and wear resistance of the composite coatings. When the laser cladding parameters were 3000 W of laser power and the high scanning speed of 50 mm/s, the composite coating exhibited a uniform microstructure, the lowest dilution ratio, and the best wear resistance. The wear resistance of the composite coating was enhanced with the addition of diamond, but microcracks also increased. When the amount of diamond was 15 wt.%, the best combination of microstructures and wear resistance was obtained.

Effects of Scanning Speed on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Cu80Fe20 Immiscible Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 0302005
Author(s):  
赵淑珍 Zhao Shuzhen ◽  
金剑波 Jin Jianbo ◽  
谢敏 Xie Min ◽  
许永波 Xu Yongbo ◽  
戴晓琴 Dai Xiaoqin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Scanning Speed

EFFECTS OF B4C AND CR3C2 ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF LASER CLADDING CO-BASED ALLOY COATINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2050021
Author(s):  
YUFAN SUN ◽  
HANGUANG FU ◽  
SHUANGYE CHEN ◽  
XUELONG PING ◽  
SHUTING SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Mold Surface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Surface Strengthening ◽  
First Time ◽  
Poor Stability

Based on the background of automotive mold surface strengthening, the effects of three different enhancements on the microstructure evolution, micro-hardness and wear resistance of laser cladding cobalt-based coatings were studied. The three reinforcing materials were Co45 alloy powder, Co45/8% B4C mixed powder and Co45/8% B4C/5% Cr3C2 mixed powder. They were respectively used to conduct laser cladding on the surface of die steel with preset powder method, with laser power of 2000[Formula: see text]W and scanning speed of 4[Formula: see text]mm/s. According to the test results, the hardness and wear resistance of the cladding coating were the best when Co45/8% B4C powder was added. In addition, the study also found that B4C reacted with Cr3C2 during laser cladding to eventually generate Cr2B. The CrB2 generated for the first time during the reaction was transformed into the most stable Cr2B with an orthorhombic Fddd symmetry due to its poor stability. Therefore, the sample with Co45/8% B4C/5% Cr3C2 mixed powder was affected with a slight decrease in microhardness and wear resistance.

scholarly journals TiBCN-Ceramic-Reinforced Ti-Based Coating by Laser Cladding: Analysis of Processing Conditions and Coating Properties

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Peikang Bai ◽  
Keqiang Su ◽  
Hongwen Su
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Ti6al4v Substrate

In this paper, TiBCN-ceramic-reinforced Ti-based coating was fabricated on a Ti6Al4V substrate surface by laser cladding. The correlations between the main processing parameters and the geometrical characteristics of single clad tracks were predicted by linear regression analysis. On this basis, the microstructure, microhardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the coating and the substrate were investigated. The results showed that the clad height, clad width, clad depth, and dilution rate depended mainly on the laser power, the powder feeding rate, and the scanning speed. TiBCN-ceramic-reinforced Ti-based coating was mainly composed of directional dendritic TiBCN phases, equiaxed TiN phases, needle-like Al3Ti phases, and Ti phases. The microhardness gradually increased from the bottom to the top of the coating. The highest microhardness of coating was 1025 HV, which was three times higher than that of the Ti6Al4V substrate (350 HV). Furthermore, the coating exhibited excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance. The corrosion potential (Ecorr) reached −1.258 V, and the corrosion density (Icorr) was 4.035 × 10−5 A/cm2, which was one order lower than that of the Ti6Al4V substrate (1.172 × 10−4 A/cm2). The coating wear mass loss was 4.35 mg, which was about two-third of the wear mass loss of the Ti6Al4V substrate (6.71 mg).

scholarly journals Influence of Scanning Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladded Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchun Hou ◽  
Dong Du ◽  
Baohua Chang ◽  
Ninshu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Amorphous Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wear Resistant Coatings ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Steel Substrates

Fe-based amorphous alloys with excellent mechanical properties are suitable for preparing wear resistant coatings by laser cladding. In this study, a novel Fe-based amorphous coating was prepared by laser cladding on 3Cr13 stainless steel substrates. The influence of scanning speeds on the microstructures and properties of the coatings was investigated. The microstructure compositions and phases were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, electron probe microanalyzer, and x-ray diffraction respectively. Results showed that the microstructures of the coatings changed significantly with the increase of scanning speeds. For a scanning speed of 6 mm/s, the cladding layer was a mixture of amorphous and crystalline regions. For a scanning speed of 8 mm/s, the cladding layer was mainly composed of block grain structures. For a scanning speed of 10 mm/s, the cladding layer was composed entirely of dendrites. Different dilution rates at the bonding zones were the main reasons for the microstructure change for different claddings. For all three scanning speeds, the coatings had higher hardness and wear resistance when compared with the substrate; as the scanning speed increased, the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings gradually decreased due to the change in microstructure.

scholarly journals Influence of Laser Cladding Parameters on Microstructure, Microhardness, Chemical Composition, Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Fe–B Composite Coatings Reinforced with B4C and Si Particles

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bartkowski ◽  
Aneta Bartkowska ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
Peter Jurči
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance

The paper presents the study results of a laser cladding process of C45 steel using powder mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate the microstructure, X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical composition (EDS), microhardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the newly obtained coatings. Modified coatings were prepared using laser cladding technology. A 1 kW continuous wave Yb:YAG disk laser with a powder feeding system was applied. Two different powder mixtures as well as various laser beam parameters were used. The first powder mixture contained Fe–B, and the second mixture was Fe–B–B4C–Si. Two values of laser beam power (600 and 800 W) and three values of scanning speed (600, 800, and 1000 mm/min) were applied during the studies. As a result of the influence of the laser beam, the zones enriched with modifying elements were obtained. Based on the results of XRD, the presence of phases derived from borides and carbides was found. In all cases analyzed, EDS studies showed that there is an increased content of boron in the dendritic areas, while there is an increased silicon content in interdendritic spaces. The addition of B4C and Si improved properties such as microhardness as well as wear and corrosion resistance. The microhardness of the coating increased from approx. 400 HV to approx. 1100 HV depending on the laser parameters used. The best corrosion resistance was obtained for the Fe–B–B4C–Si coating produced using the highest laser beam scanning speed. An improvement in wear resistance can be seen after wear tests, where the weight loss decreased from about 0.08 g to about 0.05 g.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Multilayer Ca/P Bio-Ceramic Coating by Laser Cladding

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Boda Liu ◽  
Zixin Deng ◽  
Defu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Volume Wear ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Ti Powder

In order to enhance the bioactivity and wear resistance of titanium (Ti) and its alloy for use as an implant surface, a multilayer Ca/P (calcium/phosphorus) bio-ceramic coating on a Ti6Al4V alloy surface was designed and prepared by a laser cladding technique, using the mixture of hydroxyapatite (HA) powder and Ti powder as a cladding precursor. The main cladding process parameters were 400 W laser power, 3 mm/s scanning speed, 2 mm spot diameter and 30% lapping rate. When the Ca/P ceramic coating was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), ion exchange occurred between the coating and the immersion solution, and hydroxyapatite (HA) was induced and deposited on its surface, which indicated that the Ca/P bio-ceramic coating had good bioactivity. The volume wear of Ca/P ceramic coating was reduced by 43.2% compared with that of Ti6Al4V alloy by the pin-disc wear test, which indicated that the Ca/P bio-ceramic coating had better wear resistance.

Microstructure and Grain Abrasion Properties of Cr3C2-NiCr Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Long Wei ◽  
Zong De Liu ◽  
Xin Zhi Li ◽  
Ming Ming Yuan ◽  
Cheng Yuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Technology Analysis ◽  
Main Component

Cr3C2-NiCr has high quality of wear resistant properties and is widely used in abrasive environment. In this paper, Cr3C2-NiCr coating was prepared on 45 steel by laser cladding technology. Analysis and research of the coatings were achieved by SEM and XRD to determine the main component and the different region on coatings. The hardness and the element component were investigated by micro-hardness tester and EDS. Abrasion tests were performed to contrast the wear resistance of two materials. The results indicate that the hardness of the coatings is nearly 3 times as the substrate. The coatings are well combined with the substrate and the phase of Cr3C2 has a large proportion in the coatings. Abrasion tests show that the average of wear rate on substrate is 5.2 times as the coatings.

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