CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA

1902 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
William. H. Ashmead
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasps ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

To this family belong the potter wasps. They differ from the papermaking wasps in being solitary and in constructing their nests of mud or clay, instead of macerated woody fibre or pulp. It is perhaps one of the largest, if not the largest, families in the Vespidea, and is well represented in all parts of the world by many genera and species.The species superficially resemble the Vespidæ, but are quite distinct and are easily distinguished by the cleft or toothed claws, the claws never being simple or edentate as in the social wasps.The family, like the Vespidæ, has reached its greatest development in warm or tropical countries.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY VESPOIDEA

1902 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
William. H. Ashmead
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasps ◽  
Female Worker ◽  
Parasitic Wasps ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social

This family is restricted to the paper-making wasps, all social species living in large communities and having three distinct sexes, female, worker and male, thus agreeing with the social bees, the Apidæ and Bombidæ, and with many ants, Dorylidæ, Myrmicidæ, Formicidæ, etc.In some species, too, like the ants, there appear to be two forms of the worker.Deceived by their habits, for structurally they are widely separated, Westwood and Packard thought the social wasps were allied to the Apidæ, and in their scheme of classification have placed them next to the bees, with which they having nothing in common.

Venom gland morphology in Pepsis pallidolimbata pallidolimbata and biological use and activity of Pepsis venom

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1014-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schoeters ◽  
J. Billen ◽  
J. O. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Venom Gland ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
Glandular Structures ◽  
Sibling Family

Spider wasps, i.e., the family Pompilidae, in general, and those belonging to the genus Pepsis in particular, are acknowledged to possess venoms that are algogenic to humans and thus have the parsimonious functions of causing paralysis and providing defense against predators. The morphological organization of the venom system and its complex convoluted gland closely resembles that in social members of the Vespidae. These features distinguish the venom glands of the Pompilidae from those of the sibling family Mutillidae as well as those of the family Sphecidae, which lack convoluted glands. Although the venom glands in Pepsis species are very similar in morphology to those of social vespids, the lethality of Pepsis venom to mammals is several times less than that of the social common wasps. These findings suggest that in terms of the evolution of venom activity and the associated glandular structures, there was apparently no need for social wasps to develop extra parts of the venom system for producing toxic, lethal, or powerful algogenic components. All of the glandular parts of the venom gland of social wasps were already present in pompilids (and eumenids) and, presumably, in their ancestors.

scholarly journals Social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Ogorenko ◽  
Olha Hnenna ◽  
Viktor Kokashynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The article considered the social, psychological and clinical aspects of domestic violence. Analyzed the main types of violent behavior (economic, psychological, physical, sexual) and the components of the causes of cruel behavior in the family: aggressive behavior, violence, violent behavior. The results of sociological research are presented, the prevalence, causes, aims and types of this phenomenon in Ukraine and in the world are determined. The sociological and cultural concepts of the features of the spread of the phenomenon of violence in families are considered. The stages of the formation of violent behavior in families are analyzed. The features of neurotic disorders and their prevalence among people who have experienced domestic violence are considered.

scholarly journals Evangelization and Causes of Religion Conversion from Hindu to Christian at Badung District Bali

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Surpi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Conversion Factors ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Breakdown

<p><em>This research focuses on the effort of evangelization and religious conversion factors from Hinduism to Christianity in Badung, Bali. Bali as a unique island and famous all over the world has long been used as a target of missionary. In the early stages, the process of spreading Christianity is very slow. Even, Dutch East Indies government closed the door to evangelization and prohibited its activities in Bali. This study uses a cross field of knowledge and find that there are many causes behind the religion conversion in the area of study.</em> <em>Findings of this research shows that the reason for religious conversion is the social upheavals because of dissatisfaction on system and religion, individual crises, eco- nomic and socio-cultural factors, the influence of mysticism, spiritual thirst and the promise of salvation, family breakdown and urbanization, wedding and birth order in the family, education and professional evangelistic activity and lack understand- ing of Hinduism.</em></p>

scholarly journals Rethinking entrepreneurship and family business research in Honduras: a closer look in times of crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Allan Discua
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Family Enterprise ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Family Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Is Value

Introduction: Around the world, entrepreneurial activity is influenced by family. The influence of family in the creation, management, development and continuity of small, medium and large size enterprises is unequivocal. In this revision article, I argue for the relevance of further research in Honduras around entrepreneurship and the family enterprise. Methods and Discussion: As families in business are vital to the social and economic fabric of communities around the world there is value in understanding the special nature of enterprises that operate as family businesses. Honduras is a relevant context of study as research on family enterprises has been underrepresented and several challenges and fortuitous events affect the emergence and continuity of family enterprises. Conclusion: To advance understanding, this revision article brings together a collection of themes that provide a nuanced overview of key discussions and opportunities for further research.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

African Indigenous Religions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E.A. van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Indigenous Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
Indigenous Religions ◽  
The Village

There is not one African indigenous religion (AIR); rather, there are many, and they diverge widely. As a group, AIRs are quite different from the scriptural religions the world is more familiar with, since what is central to AIRs is neither belief nor faith, but ritual. Exemplifying an “imagistic” form of religiosity, these religions have no sacred books or writings and are learned by doing, by participation and experience, rather than by instruction and teaching. Belonging to specific local ethnic groups, they are deeply embedded in and informed by the various ecologies of foragers, pastoralists, and horticulturalists—as they are also by the social structures of these societies: they “dwell” in their cultures. These are religions of the living, not so much preparing for afterlife as geared toward meeting the challenges of everyday life, illness and misfortune, mourning and comforting—but also toward feasting, life, fertility, and togetherness, even in death. Quiet rituals of the family contrast with exuberant public celebrations when new adults re-enter the village after an arduous initiation; intricate ritual attention to the all-important crops may include tense rites to procure much needed rains. The range of rituals is wide and all-encompassing. In AIRs, the dead and the living are close, either as ancestors or as other representatives of the other world. Accompanied by spirits of all kinds, both good and bad, harmful and nurturing, existence is full of ambivalence. Various channels are open for communication with the invisible world, from prayer to trance, and from dreams to revelations, but throughout it is divination in its manifold forms that offers a window on the deeper layers of reality. Stories about the other world abound, and many myths and legends are never far removed from basic folktales. These stories do not so much explain the world as they entertainingly teach about the deep humanity that AIRs share and cherish.

scholarly journals The issue of forming a modern young person’s worldview: a cultural philosophical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Maret Betilmerzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Young Person ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Adaptability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Problematic Level ◽  
Phenotypic Forms ◽  
Active Interaction

At the intersection of various trends, the displacement of cultures and ideologies in modern Chechen society, there is a wide range of social polymorphism when individuals who practically represent one ethnic culture, depending on the social environment, acquire various phenotypic forms due to the interaction of the genotype with the environment. A classification of cultural trends is proposed, within the framework of which the worldview of the modern young Chechen in the Republic is being formed. The simultaneous coexistence of such different trends with the active interaction of their actors introduces transgressive changes in the consciousness of that part of young people with a problematic level of psychological and social adaptability to a changing world. The conducted analysis shows that in the process of forming the worldview of a modern young person a consciousness must be developed that adequately reflects objective reality in a subjective picture of the world based on healthy social interaction.

The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-Scale Business Enterprise

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

This book is an in-depth case study of the Furness Withy and Co Shipping Group, which operated both tramp and liner services and was one of the five major British shipping groups of the early twentieth century. It demonstrates how British shipowners of this period generated success by exploring Christopher Furness’ career in relation to the social, political, and cultural currents during a time of tremendous shipping growth in Britain and the establishment of some of the largest shipping firms in the world. It approaches the study from three angles. The first analyses how the Furness Group expanded its shipping activities and became involved with the industrial sector. The second illustrates the organisational and financial structure of the enterprise. Finally, the Group’s leadership and entrepreneurship is scrutinised and placed within the wider context of twentieth century British business. The case study begins in 1870, with an introduction explaining how Christopher Furness came to join the family company, Thomas Furness and Co. in order develop services, expand, and instigate the changes and mergers that brought the Furness Group into existence. There are thirteen chronologically presented chapters, a bibliography, and seven appendices of data including an ownership timeline, tonnage statistics, acquisitions, a list of maritime associates, and a timeline of Christopher Furness’ life. The book concludes in 1919 with the de-merging of the Furness Group’s shipping and industrial holdings, the resignation of the Furness family from the company’s board, the sale of their shares, and the move into managing the firm’s industrial interests.

scholarly journals FAMILY COPING STRATEGIES IN THE MIDST OF CORONA CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Devi Yulianti ◽  
◽  
Intan Fitri Meutia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Social Culture ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
And Coping

The family as the unit in the social system has an important role and becomes the first social environment to introduce love, affection, social culture, and religion. When the world is suffering from the COVID-19 pandemic, the families are also affected by some impacts included: family health problems; family economic; family harmonization; family socio-psychology; and socio-culture. The family health is composed of fundamental dimensions: family social climate; family integrity; family functioning; family resistance and family coping. The family coping concept is the capacity of the family to confront, mobilize, and act on stressful events. This article illustrates the aspects of family health and coping strategies in the midst of the COVID-19 in Indonesia. It aims to inform and be the reference for further study related to the family adaptation in the corona crisis. We reviewed many works of literature in the form of articles from various journals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, families must be able to survive. COVID-19 pandemic does not only affect physical but also mental health. The way to deal with the events depend on family characteristics, the severity of the events and family support. There are two types of coping strategies that families in Indonesia usually adopt including reducing expense and increasing income.

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