scholarly journals Omega-3 PUFAs and gut microbiota: A preventive approach for colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Giammanco ◽  
Margherita Mazzola ◽  
Manfredi Marco Giammanco ◽  
Giovanni Tomasello ◽  
Francesco Carini
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Strategic Approach

The influence of diet on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and related pathologies has been known for some time. Some classes of nutrients, such as fatty acids belonging to the omega 3 series, have particular effects on the bacteria that make up the intestinal microbiota. ω-3 PUFAs affect the gut microbiota in three different ways: by modulating the type and abundance of intestinal bacteria, by regulate SCFAs levels, and by alter the levels of proinflammatory mediators. Through these modalities, ω-3 PUFAs could be useful for the prevention of intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer (CRC). The ability of ω-3 PUFAs to modulate the intestinal inflammatory response, to preserve the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and to modulate the bacterial composition of the intestine, could be useful as a preventive strategic approach to hinder the development of CRC.

scholarly journals Interplay between Mediterranean Diet and Gut Microbiota in the Interface of Autoimmunity: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Tsigalou ◽  
Avgi Tsolou ◽  
Theoharis Konstantinidis ◽  
Efterpi Zafiriou ◽  
Dardiotis Efthimios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Omega 3

The nutritional habits regulate the gut microbiota and may provoke and/or prevent autoimmune disease. Western diet is rich in sugars, meat and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which lead to dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, disruption of gut epithelial barrier and chronic mucosal inflammation. On the other hand, Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is rich in ω3 fatty acids, fruits and vegetables and has anti-inflammatory properties, which can restore gut eubiosis. The effect of MedDiet and its components in health and disease states have been thoroughly analyzed in several studies. Moreover, several studies have specifically investigated the association between MedDiet, microbiota and risk for autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the MedDiet has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, which plays a critical role in reducing mortality in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases with comorbidities. The aim of the present review is to specifically highlight current knowledge regarding possible interactions of MedDiet with the patterns of intestinal microbiota focusing on autoimmunity and a blueprint through dietary modulations for the prevention and management of diseases’s activity and progression.

scholarly journals Intestinal Microbiota Influences DNA Methylome and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Aïcha Zouggar ◽  
Joshua R. Haebe ◽  
Yannick D. Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

In a recent publication, Ansari et al. identified gut microbiota as a critical mediator of the intestinal inflammatory response through epigenetic programming of host intestinal epithelium. Exposure to the microbiota induces Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET)-dependent hypomethylation of genomic elements regulating genes associated with inflammatory response and colorectal cancer. Here, we discuss the impact of such a discovery on the understanding of how the intestinal microbiota may contribute to epigenetic reprogramming and influence the onset of colorectal tumorigenesis. Finally, we examine the prospect of TET inhibition strategies as a therapeutic and/or preventive approach for colorectal cancer in patients afflicted by inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals A Crosstalk between Diet, Microbiome and microRNA in Epigenetic Regulation of Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Guz ◽  
Witold Jeleniewicz ◽  
Anna Malm ◽  
Izabela Korona-Glowniak
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

A still growing interest between human nutrition in relation to health and disease states can be observed. Dietary components shape the composition of microbiota colonizing our gastrointestinal tract which play a vital role in maintaining human health. There is a strong evidence that diet, gut microbiota and their metabolites significantly influence our epigenome, particularly through the modulation of microRNAs. These group of small non-coding RNAs maintain cellular homeostasis, however any changes leading to impaired expression of miRNAs contribute to the development of different pathologies, including neoplastic diseases. Imbalance of intestinal microbiota due to diet is primary associated with the development of colorectal cancer as well as other types of cancers. In the present work we summarize current knowledge with particular emphasis on diet-microbiota-miRNAs axis and its relation to the development of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Microbiota-Associated Metabolites and Related Immunoregulation in Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4054
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Ying-Xuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Specific Influence

A growing body of research has found close links between the human gut microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC), associated with the direct actions of specific bacteria and the activities of microbiota-derived metabolites, which are implicated in complex immune responses, thus influencing carcinogenesis. Diet has a significant impact on the structure of the microbiota and also undergoes microbial metabolism. Some metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole derivatives, act as protectors against cancer by regulating immune responses, while others may promote cancer. However, the specific influence of these metabolites on the host is conditional. We reviewed the recent insights on the relationships among diet, microbiota-derived metabolites, and CRC, focusing on their intricate immunomodulatory responses, which might influence the progression of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Carracedo ◽  
Gonzalo Artiach ◽  
Hildur Arnardottir ◽  
Magnus Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. The proresolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) is formed by enzymatic conversion of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and signals resolution of inflammation through its receptor ChemR23. Importantly, the resolution of cardiovascular inflammation is an active, multifactorial process that involves modulation of the immune response, direct actions on the vascular wall, as well as close interactions between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Promoting anti-atherogenic signalling through the stimulation of endogenous resolution of inflammation pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular prevention.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Effect of Mediterranean Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Myriam Calabrese ◽  
Alessia Valentini ◽  
Giorgio Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epithelial Integrity

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Regarding the latter, gut microbiota has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of T1DM, by affecting intestinal permeability, molecular mimicry, and modulating innate and adaptive immune system, as described in several previous studies. The composition of the gut microbiota is largely influenced by diet. Some observational studies have shown that a low fiber intake is associated with the development of many inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is based on high consumption of cereals (preferably as whole grains), legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and fish, could play a protective role. Many of the characteristic components of MD have functional characteristics with positive effects on health and well-being. Eating habits are the main significant determinants of the microbial multiplicity of the intestine and the food components influence both microbial populations and their metabolic activities from the early stages of life. Moreover, food metabolites influence the immune response. The intestine is considered the primary site where food metabolites mediate their effects, through epithelial integrity or mucosal immunity. The compromised epithelial integrity allows the translocation of bacteria and/or the diffusion of their products, such as food antigens and lipopolysaccharides, from the intestinal lumen to the tissues, which could enhance the stimulation of immune cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as T1DM. The intake of a high amount of fiber and therefore of prebiotics with MD allows the microbiota to have a good microbial balance. Moreover, as more dietary fibers are ingested, a higher amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is produced by anaerobic gut microbiota, promoting gut homeostasis, to which also contribute tryptophan metabolites and omega-3-fatty acids. Furthermore, the higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3-fatty-acids contribute to a better metabolic control. In this review we report the relationship between gut microbiota and T1DM and we explore the effects of Mediterranean diet on microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy, aimed at preventing or delaying progression of T1DM and its complications.

scholarly journals The gastrointestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (5) ◽  
pp. G351-G363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope O. Keku ◽  
Santosh Dulal ◽  
April Deveaux ◽  
Biljana Jovov ◽  
Xuesong Han
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Important Player

The human gut is home to a complex and diverse microbiota that contributes to the overall homeostasis of the host. Increasingly, the intestinal microbiota is recognized as an important player in human illness such as colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel diseases, and obesity. CRC in itself is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in the Western world. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to CRC are complex and not fully understood, but increasing evidence suggests a link between the intestinal microbiota and CRC as well as diet and inflammation, which are believed to play a role in carcinogenesis. It is thought that the gut microbiota interact with dietary factors to promote chronic inflammation and CRC through direct influence on host cell physiology, cellular homeostasis, energy regulation, and/or metabolism of xenobiotics. This review provides an overview on the role of commensal gut microbiota in the development of human CRC and explores its association with diet and inflammation.

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