scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and B. canis in household dogs in southwestern Nigeria: a preliminary report

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. B. Cadmus ◽  
H. K. Adesokan ◽  
O. O. Ajala ◽  
W. O. Odetokun ◽  
L. L. Perrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Limited Sample Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rose

A preliminary serological study of 366 household dogs in Lagos and Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria, was carried out to determine antibodies due to exposure to Brucella abortus and B. canis, using the rose bengal test (RBT) and the rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test, respectively. Results showed that 5.46 % (20/366) and 0.27 % (1/366) of the dogs screened were seropositive to B. abortus and B. canis, respectively.Of all dogs, 36 had a history of being fed foetuses from cows and 11 (30.6 %) of these tested positive in the RBT. Our findings, although based on a limited sample size and a dearth of clinical details, revealed that dogs in Nigeria may be infected with Brucella spp. given the wide range of risk factors. Further studies are recommended to elucidate the epidemiology of brucellosis in dogs and its possible zoonotic consequences in the country.

A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KENDLER ◽  
M. C. NEALE ◽  
P. SULLIVAN ◽  
L. A. COREY ◽  
C. O. GARDNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Levels

Background. The development of drug dependence requires prior initiation. What is the relationship between the risk factors for initiation and dependence?Methods. Using smoking as a model addiction, we assessed smoking initiation (SI) and nicotine dependence (ND) by personal interview in 1898 female twins from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. We developed a twin structural equation model that estimates the correlation between the liability to SI and the liability to ND, given SI.Results. The liabilities to SI and ND were substantially correlated but not identical. Heritable factors played an important aetiological role in SI and in ND. While the majority of genetic risk factors for ND were shared with SI, a distinct set of familial factors, which were probably partly genetic, solely influenced the risk for ND. SI was associated with low levels of education and religiosity, high levels of neuroticism and extroversion and a history of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. ND was associated with low levels of education, extroversion, mastery, and self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism and dependency and a history of mood and alcohol use disorders.Conclusions. The aetiological factors that influence SI and ND, while overlapping, are not perfectly correlated. One set of genetic factors plays a significant aetiological role in both SI and ND, while another set of familial factors, probably in part genetic, solely influences ND. Some risk factors for SI and ND impact similarly on both stages, some act at only one stage and others impact differently and even in opposite directions at the two stages. The pathway to substance dependence is complex and involves multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.

scholarly journals A logistic regression analysis of risk factors in ME/CFS pathogenesis

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana M. Lacerda ◽  
Keith Geraghty ◽  
Caroline C. Kingdon ◽  
Luigi Palla ◽  
Luis Nacul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease, whose exact cause remains unclear. A wide range of risk factors has been proposed that helps understanding potential disease pathogenesis. However, there is little consistency for many risk factor associations, thus we undertook an exploratory study of risk factors using data from the UK ME/CFS Biobank participants. We report on risk factor associations in ME/CFS compared with multiple sclerosis participants and healthy controls. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 269 people with ME/CFS, including 214 with mild/moderate and 55 with severe symptoms, 74 people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 134 healthy controls, who were recruited from primary and secondary health services. Data were collected from participants using a standardised written questionnaire. Data analyses consisted of univariate and multivariable regression analysis (by levels of proximity to disease onset). Results A history of frequent colds (OR = 8.26, P <= 0.001) and infections (OR = 25.5, P = 0.015) before onset were the strongest factors associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. Being single (OR = 4.41, P <= 0.001), having lower income (OR = 3.71, P <= 0.001), and a family history of anxiety is associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS compared to healthy controls only (OR = 3.77, P < 0.001). History of frequent colds (OR = 6.31, P < 0.001) and infections before disease onset (OR = 5.12, P = 0.005), being single (OR = 3.66, P = 0.003) and having lower income (OR = 3.48, P = 0.001), are associated with a higher risk of ME/CFS than MS. Severe ME/CFS cases were associated with lower age of ME/CFS onset (OR = 0.63, P = 0.022) and a family history of neurological illness (OR = 6.1, P = 0.001). Conclusions Notable differences in risk profiles were found between ME/CFS and healthy controls, ME/CFS and MS, and mild-moderate and severe ME/CFS. However, we found some commensurate overlap in risk associations between all cohorts. The most notable difference between ME/CFS and MS in our study is a history of recent infection prior to disease onset. Even recognising that our results are limited by the choice of factors we selected to investigate, our findings are consistent with the increasing body of evidence that has been published about the potential role of infections in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS, including common colds/flu.

scholarly journals eroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 2004-2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I.B. Cadmus ◽  
H. K. Adesokan ◽  
B. O. Adedokun ◽  
J. A. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
The Public ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

A seroprevalence study was carried out among trade cattle slaughtered at Bodija Municipal Abattoir, Ibadan (southwestern Nigeria) over a period of 3 consecutive years from 2004 to 2006 with a view to determining the breed, sex and age distribution in the seropositivity of bovine brucellosis. In total, 1642 animals were examined for antibodies to Brucella abortus using the Rose Bengal test. Seroprevalences of 6.00 %, 6.17 % and 5.31 % were obtained in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively but a decrease in 2006 shows no significant difference (P>0.05). The role of the breed (P>0.05), sex (P>0.05) and age (P>0.05) in the occurrence of the infection was not statistically significant at 5 %, although higher rates were obtained for females and older animals. The trend in the disease over the 3-year period showed that it is endemic in trade cattle slaughtered in Ibadan and the public health implications of this are discussed.

scholarly journals The Australian Genetics of Depression Study: Study Description and Sample Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enda M Byrne ◽  
Katherine M Kirk ◽  
Sarah E Medland ◽  
John J McGrath ◽  
Richard Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Participant Group

AbstractObjectivesDepression is the most common psychiatric disorder and the largest contributor to global disability. The Australian Genetics of Depression study was established to recruit a large cohort of individuals who have been diagnosed with depression, and to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for depression and response to commonly prescribed antidepressants. This paper describes the recruitment and characteristics of the sample.MethodsParticipants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a compulsory module that assessed self-reported psychiatric history, clinical depression using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Interview Short Form, and experiences of using commonly prescribed antidepressants. Further voluntary modules assessed a wide range of traits of relevance to psychopathology. Participants who reported they were willing to provide a DNA sample were sent a saliva kit in the mail.ResultsA total of 20,689 participants, 75% of whom were female, enrolled in the study. The average age of participants was 43 years ± 15 years. 15,807 participants (76% of the participant group) returned saliva kits. The overwhelming majority of participants reported being given a diagnosis of depression by a medical practitioner and 88% met the criteria for a depressive episode. Rates of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders were high. Two-thirds of the sample reported having taken more than one type of antidepressant during treatment for their depression.ConclusionsThis study was effective in recruiting a large community sample of people with a history of clinical depression, highlighting the willingness of Australians to engage with medical research. A combination of recruitment through health records and media as well as use of an online questionnaire made it feasible to recruit the large sample needed for investigating the genetics of common diseases. It will be a valuable resource for investigating risk factors for depression, treatment response to antidepressants and susceptibility to side effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women: systematic review and recommendations to improve care

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Libertad Soligo Takemoto ◽  
Mariane de Oliveira Menezes ◽  
Carla Betina Andreucci Polido ◽  
Débora de Souza Santos ◽  
Valeria Marli Leonello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Stigma ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Our aim was to systematically review data about the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women and to suggest strategies to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A search strategy for lesbian, STI and bacterial vaginosis was applied to PubMed, LILACS and BDENF databases. Of 387 unique references retrieved, 22 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (cross-sectional studies reporting prevalence for 8 STIs/bacterial vaginosis and history of a STI). The most frequent infection reported was bacterial vaginosis, and none study reported data on hepatitis B. A wide range of prevalence was observed for most infections. In terms of risk factors, the number of sexual partners, the past or current smoking, a history of forced sex and sexual stigma seem to increase the risk of STI and bacterial vaginosis. The findings of this review are discussed considering guidelines directly addressing the LGBT community’s health and relevant studies investigating both safe sexual practices and the intricate relationship between LGBT people and their care providers. A set of recommendations to improve preventive care for lesbian women is proposed. Affirming that little is known about the extent of STIs and bacterial vaginosis transmission in female-to-female sexual activities or about the risk factors for STI and bacterial vaginosis among lesbian women is reasonable. In fact, the overall quality of the studies was low or very low with significant uncertainty around their findings. However, we consider that the available knowledge indicates some paths to be followed by care providers and policy decision-makers to improve their actions towards better sexual health of lesbian women.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Tongue Lesions among Dental Outpatients Attending Khanzad Dental Polyclinics Center in Erbil City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Rawa hameed Mirkhan Abdulla ◽  
◽  
Ali Fakhree Alzubaidee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Fissured Tongue

Background: The tongue can be targeted by a wide range of pathological conditions; the recognition of tongue lesions may be helpful in the early diagnosis of some systemic disorders. Objective: To determine the frequency and relation of the tongue conditions with risk factors among a group of dental outpatients attending a specialized dental polyclinics center in Erbil city, for individuals who are aware of their tongue lesion when to exist, and to estimate the possible coincidence between some of the tongue lesions with age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking habit, allergic reactions, and systemic diseases. Patients and Methods: 1100 patients were examined for a period of 3 months from October 1st , 2019 – December 31st , 2019. Results: The frequency of tongue conditions was 52.8%, the study sample consists of 520 males 47.3%, and 580 females 52.7%. The age range was from 0.58 to 85 years, and 112 patients had one or more systemic diseases 92 of them were on regular medications. The most common frequent condition was fissured tongue diagnosed in 420 patients 38.2%. Conclusion: The common risk factors for tongue conditions in this study were old age, male gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medication intake, around one quarter (25.6%) of the sample has a family history of tongue condition. Keywords: Tongue conditions, fissured tongue, clinical study, coated tongue

scholarly journals Despite the Odds: Factors Related to the Academic Success of First Grade Students From At-Risk Backgrounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bode ◽  
Ryan Gallagher ◽  
Elizabeth Vang ◽  
Aydin Yücesan Durgunoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Limited Sample Size ◽  
Academic Capital ◽  
Positive Experiences

Research indicates that family income and linguistic background are related to students’ academic achievement, as evidenced by the gaps in the academic achievement levels of children from families with high or low income, and children with English as their first or additional language. However, there are students who succeed despite these risk factors. In this qualitative study, we interviewed two cohorts of parents who had first-grade children doing well in school. Even with the limited sample size, there were some consistent patterns in the environments of these children, namely, warm parenting with boundaries; academic capital in the home; thoughtful guidance of activities at home; close-knit family; and positive experiences at school.

Abstract P392: Nocturia Frequency As A Novel Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factor

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Grandner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Nocturia causes sleep disturbances and is more common as people age. Therefore, it often overlaps with cardiometabolic risk factors. However, relationships between nocturia frequency and cardiometabolic risk as not been explored, over and above covariates such as age, sex, sleep duration, etc. Methods: Data from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. Nocturia was coded as 0 times/night, 1 time/night, 2-3 times/night, and 4-5+ times/night. Cardiometabolic disease risk factors examined included history of hypertension, taking antihypertensive medication, history of hypercholesterolemia, taking cholesterol-lowering drugs, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and poor diet. Covariates included age sex, education, race/ethnicity, income-poverty ratio, and habitual sleep duration category (very short, short, normal, and long). Logistic regression analyses were analyzed using NHANES sampling weights. Results: In adjusted analyses, the highest category of nocturia (4-5+ times per night) was associated with increased likelihood of hypertension (OR=2.12, 95%CI [1.34,3.38], p=0.001), antihypertensive medication (OR=2.52, 95%CI [1.56,4.09], p<0.0005), diabetes (OR=3.44, 95%CI [2.09,5.68], p<0.0005), hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.81, 95%CI [1.18,2.75], p=0.006), cholesterol-lowering medication (OR=2.25, 95%CI [1.38,3.68], p=0.001), poor diet (OR=2.17, 95%CI [1.41,3.34], p<0.0005), and obesity (OR=2.16, 95%CI [1.40,3.32], p<0.0005), but not smoking. Nocturia 2-3 times per night was also associated with increased likelihood of antihypertensive use (OR=1.40, 95%CI [1.04,1.88], p=0.025), diabetes (OR=1.85, 95%CI [1.27,2.71], p=0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR=1.43, 95%CI [1.09,1.88], p=0.010), cholesterol-lowering medications (OR=1.81, 95%CI [1.31,2.51], p<0.0005), and obesity (OR=1.52,95%CI [1.18,1.96], p=0.001). When obesity was added as a covariate, significant relationships were still seen for hypertension, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cholesterol-lowering medications, and poor diet. Conclusions: Frequent nocturia is associated with a wide range of cardiometabolic risk factors, after adjusting for age, sleep duration, and a wide range of other potential factors, as well as obesity. Complaints of nocturia might be considered an independent risk factor. Mechanisms, such as sleep fragmentation, should be explored.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of a Tonsillolith

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Chan ◽  
Mamun Rashid ◽  
Yakubu Karagama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Digital Palpation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Tonsilloliths are rare calcified concretions that develop in tonsillar crypts within the substance of the tonsil or around it. Large tonsilloliths can mimic many conditions including abscesses or neoplasms. Given the wide range of differentials, it is difficult to diagnose tonsilloliths unless there is a considered emphasis on thorough history taking, careful inspection and a detailed characterisation of the lesion through digital palpation. This may be further supplemented with investigations such as plain radiography and computer tomography. Here, we illustrate a case with risk factors of oropharyngeal cancer and a history of fish bone impaction in the throat that was initially diagnosed as a “tonsillar foreign body” which turned out eventually to be a large tonsillolith.

Risk Factors of Stuttering

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Youssef Abou El-Ella ◽  
Ayman Mohamed Shawky ◽  
Ahmed Nabil Yehia ◽  
Yasser Mohamed Mohamed Tolba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Social Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

Abstract Background Stuttering is a multifactorial and complex disorder that results from the influence of many factors, which include genetic predisposition, motor speech skills, linguistic skills and cognitive, emotional and environmental factors. A wide range of possible risk factors has been proposed in the literature, including age; gender; type and manner of onset; duration of the disfluency; type of disfluency; associated communicative and qualitative factors; physical and emotional stress; family history of stuttering; personal, familial and social reaction; and family attitudes. Objectives The aim of this work is to study the different risk factors of stuttering in children in order to understand more about its nature, etiology and to help to decrease its incidence if possible. Patients and Methods For this purpose; 96 patients complained from stuttering were evaluated. All data were collected after completing the assessment of patients and their parents. They were 60 (62.5%) male patients and 36 (37.5%) female patients, they showed a statistically significant difference. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 18 years with mean ± SD of 7.75 ± 4.78 years. The age of onset of the studied patients ranged from 3 to 12 years with mean ± SD of 4.25 ± 2.31 years. Most of the patients were resident in rural areas; 64 patients (66.67%), while the urban resident was 32 patients (33.33%), they were statistically significant. Results The present study showed the etiology of stuttering in the studied patients. The most prominent cause was the developmental stuttering (86.45%) followed by neurological stuttering (13.55%). The dysfluency distribution of the studied patients. The most prominent was the Syllables and words repetition 65 (67.7%) of patients followed by IPDs 22 (22.9%) of the patients, 6 (6.25%) of the patients had prolongation and 3 (3.125%) of the patients had tonic blocks. Our study observed that family history of stuttering was found in 54 (56.25%) of patients, consanguinity was found in 30 (31.25%) of the patients, first degree relatives was found in 15 (15.625%) of the patients and second-degree relatives was present in 6 (6.25%) of the patients. Conclusion The data of the present study concluded that the presence of stuttering or defects in speech quality and communication. Risk factors include multifactorial dynamic pathways that include: positive family history, being male (as boys are more likely than girls to keep stuttering), the onset (as children who start to stutter before age 3½ are more likely to outgrow it than children who start to stutter at an older age), the amount of time that it's lasted.

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