Frequency of sucrose exposure on the cariogenicity of a biofilm-caries model

ABSTRACT Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in the human diet, the question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on the hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies of daily sucrose exposure were tested on a relevant biological caries model. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of the Streptococcus mutans were formed on enamel slabs and exposed to cariogenic challenges with 10% sucrose for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day. After 5 days, biofilms were retrieved to analyze biomass, protein content, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by percentage of microhardness loss (percentage surface hardness loss [%SHL]). Results: Biomass, protein content, polysaccharide production, acidogenicity of the biofilm, and %SHL proportionally increased with the number of daily exposures to sucrose (P < 0.05). One daily sucrose exposure was enough to induce 20% more demineralization than the negative unexposed control. Higher frequencies induced greater demineralization and more virulent biofilms, but eight and ten exposures were not different between them in most of the analyzed variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher sucrose exposure seems to increase cariogenicity, in a frequency-dependent manner, by the modification of bacterial virulent properties.

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Effect of the Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21 on the Cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans UA159 in a Dual-Species Biofilm Model

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000439315 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 583-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Constanza E. Fernández ◽

Rodrigo A. Giacaman ◽

Livia M. Tenuta ◽

Jaime A. Cury

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Culture Media ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Single Species ◽

Initial Inoculum ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Caries Model ◽

Bovine Enamel

Despite promising results using probiotics, evidence of the preventive effect on enamel demineralization is insufficient and the cariogenic potential of probiotics is still controversial. Probiotics could affect biofilm formation and interfere with adherence, growth or coaggregation with Streptococcus mutans in biofilms. However, most of the studies have been conducted using planktonic bacteria. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of probiotic bacteria on the cariogenicity of S. mutans using an in vitro biofilm caries model on enamel. Single-species biofilms (S. mutans UA159, SM or Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB21, LB) or dual-species biofilms simultaneously inoculated (SM + LB) or LB inoculated 8 h after SM (SM → LB) were grown for 96 h. Biofilms were formed on bovine enamel saliva-coated slabs of known surface hardness (SH) and immersed in culture media. Biofilms were exposed 8 times per day to 10% sucrose. Medium pH was monitored twice daily as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 96 h, biofilms were collected to determine biomass and bacteria viability. Slab demineralization was calculated as percentage of SH loss (%SHL). Additionally, the model was tested with different concentrations of the initial inoculum (103, 106, 108 cells/ml) and different adhesion times (2 or 8 h). The dual-species biofilm revealed no LB effects on SM cariogenicity, without changes in acidogenicity or %SHL among groups (p > 0.05, n = 12). Lack of activity of LB on SM cariogenicity persisted even when 105 times higher concentration of the probiotic was tested. Coaggregation was not observed. In conclusion, findings suggest that LB does not reduce cariogenicity of SM in a validated experimental caries model.

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Concomitant caries and calculus formation from in situ dentin caries model

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.2-3.v1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Frederico B de Sousa ◽

Pablo J Mangueira ◽

David R Tames ◽

Sandra S Vianna ◽

Neriede S Santos-Magalhaes

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Solution ◽

Dental Calculus ◽

Backscattered Electrons ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Dentin Caries ◽

Caries Model ◽

Calculus Formation ◽

Hard Dental Tissues ◽

Short Time

The aim of this study was to test the possibility of the concomitant formation of calculus deposits and caries fromin situdentin caries model for short time periods. Six volunteers wore palatal removal appliances with four polished dentin specimens protected from intra-oral mechanical forces for up to 14 days. Each volunteer applied a 50% sucrose solution (four times a day) on the specimens and performed a daily mouthwash with 0.05% NaF. Samples were removed after 2, 5, 9 and 14 daysin situ. Demineralization was analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM (secondary electrons and backscattered electrons modes) and calculus was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Seventeen samples, at least one sample from each volunteer, presented dental calculus on both carious and non-carious ones, detected in all time intervals. Ca/P ratios of dental calculus ranged from 1.1 to 1.7. Some large calculus deposits on carious surfaces were confirmed by fluorescence. In conclusion, concomitant caries and calculus formation can be found in dentin caries formedin situ. This has important repercussions on the study of surface phenomena on the interface between hard dental tissues and dental plaque.

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Cariogenicity induced by commercial carbonated beverages in an experimental biofilm-caries model

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_188_17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (01) ◽

pp. 027-035 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rodrigo A. Giacaman ◽

Vanesa Pailahual ◽

Natalia Díaz-Garrido

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Negative Control ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Carbonated Beverages ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Caries Model ◽

Carbonated Beverage ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Lower Effect

ABSTRACT Objectives Frequent consumption of sugars-containing carbonated beverages has been associated with caries, but the consequences on the dental biofilm remain unclear. The aim was to evaluate the effect of commercial carbonated beverages and their sugar-free version on enamel and dentine demineralization and on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Materials and Methods Biofilms of S. mutans UA159 were grown on enamel and dentin slabs and exposed 3 times/ day for 5 min, to a commercial cola or orange-flavored carbonated beverage or to their sugar-free version. Biofilms/slabs were recovered to assess biomass, viable microorganisms, protein content and polysaccharides. Demineralization was estimated by the variation of Knoop surface microhardness. Results Exposures to the biofilm with sugars-containing carbonated beverages resulted in similar biomass, viable microorganisms, proteins, and polysaccharides than sucrose (P < 0.05). The sugar-free cola and orange-flavored drink showed lower effect on the biofilm, as compared with sucrose or their sugared version (P < 0.05). All of the products tested, included the sugar-free, showed higher demineralization than the negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sugars-containing carbonated beverages enhance cariogenic activity of S. mutans biofilms, comparable with sucrose. Sugar-free carbonated beverages also have a high demineralizing potential, without affecting biofilm properties.

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HARD DENTAL TISSUES AND PERIODONTIC TISSUES OF CHILDREN BIOPHYSICAL INDICA-TORS IN THE PROCESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT WITH REMOVABLE APPLIANCES

Scientific and practical journal "Stomatological Bulletin" ◽

10.35220/2078-8916-2019-33-3-35-38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

Ю. В. Горохивская ◽

◽

Э. М. Деньга ◽

С. А. Шнайдер ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Hard Dental Tissues ◽

Removable Appliances

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Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration—Approaches and Challenges

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2558

Author(s):

Mihaela Olaru ◽

Liliana Sachelarie ◽

Gabriela Calin

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Present Review ◽

Modern Concept ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Tissue Engineering Approach ◽

Hard Dental Tissues ◽

Review Reports

With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.

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Application of the erbium:YAG laser on hard dental tissues: Measurement of the temperature changes and depths of cut

International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics ◽

10.2351/1.5057958 ◽

1988 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abid F. Paghdiwala

Keyword(s):

Temperature Changes ◽

Erbium:Yag Laser ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Hard Dental Tissues

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DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL FLORA IMBALANCE IN GINGIVAL BIOFILM

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2019.2.10448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 76-82

Author(s):

G. A. Loban ◽

T. O. Petrushanko ◽

V. V. Chereda ◽

M. O. Faustova ◽

M. M. Ananieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Fluid Composition ◽

Dental Tissues ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Dmf Index ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hard Dental Tissues

Background. Periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases are widespread among young people. Objective. This study was aimed at elaborating the method to assess risks of periodontal inflammatory diseases and determining its efficacy depending on the state of dental tissues, gum tissues and sex. Methods. The study included 182 students (93 men, 89 women) aged 19-29: 22 individuals had no lesions of hard dental tissues and no signs of periodontal disease; 51 individuals were found to have DMF index <6; 52 individuals – DMF index ≥6; 57 individuals were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Primary groups were formed in autumn; re-examination was carried in spring. The research participants were assessed for detection of risks of periodontal inflammatory disease by the method developes by the authors (Patent UA 54041). Results. The study revealed that the risk of development of preiodontitis increases in individuals with high caries and gingivitis intensity. In spring, more individuals suffer from microbial imbalance in in the composition of gingival sulcus fluid and decrease in the mean stability coefficient value that indicates an increased risk of inflammatory periodontal disease development. Women were less likely to experience seasonal dysbiotic changes in the gingival sulcus fluid composition compared with men. Conclusions. The method suggested for assessment of the risk of periodontal inflammatory diseases is of high informativeness. It allows clinicians detecting early pre-nosological signs of oral microbiocenosis imbalance that enhances the effectiveness of early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

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BONDING TO HARD DENTAL TISSUES

Adhesion in Biological Systems ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-469050-9.50020-x ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 225-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael G. Buonocore

Keyword(s):

Dental Tissues ◽

Hard Dental Tissues

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Suppressive Effects of Octyl Gallate on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation, Acidogenicity, and Gene Expression

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24173170 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vika Gabe ◽

Tomas Kacergius ◽

Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽

Mouhammad Zeidan ◽

Basheer Abu-Farich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Solid Surfaces ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Expression Change ◽

Biofilm Development

The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on hard tooth tissues leads to dental caries, which remains one of the most prevalent oral diseases. Hence, the development of new antibiofilm agents is of critical importance. The current study reports the results from testing the effectiveness of octyl gallate (C8-OG) against: (1) S. mutans biofilm formation on solid surfaces (polystyrene, glass), (2) acidogenicity, (3) and the expression of biofilm-related genes. The amount of biofilm formed by S. mutans bacteria was evaluated using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. The pH of the biofilm growth medium was measured with microelectrode. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess the expression of genes encoding glucan binding protein B (gbpB), glucosyltransferases B, -C, -D (gtfB, -C, -D), and the F-ATPase β subunit of the F1 protein (atpD). The results show that C8-OG significantly diminished biofilm formation by exposed S. mutans on solid surfaces and suppressed acidogenicity in a dose-dependent manner, compared to unexposed bacteria (p < 0.05). The C8-OG concentration of 100.24 µM inhibited S. mutans biofilm development on solid surfaces by 100% and prevented a decrease in pH levels by 99%. In addition, the RT-qPCR data demonstrate that the biofilm-producing bacteria treated with C8-OG underwent a significant reduction in gene expression in the case of the four genes under study (gbpB, gtfC, gtfD, and atpD), and there was a slight decrease in expression of the gtfB gene. However, C8-OG treatments did not produce significant expression change compared to the control for the planktonic cells, although there was a significant increase for the atpD gene. Therefore, C8-OG might be a potent antibiofilm and/or anticaries agent for oral formulations that aim to reduce the prevalence of dental caries.

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