scholarly journals Cariogenicity induced by commercial carbonated beverages in an experimental biofilm-caries model

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 027-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A. Giacaman ◽  
Vanesa Pailahual ◽  
Natalia Díaz-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Carbonated Beverage ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Lower Effect

ABSTRACT Objectives Frequent consumption of sugars-containing carbonated beverages has been associated with caries, but the consequences on the dental biofilm remain unclear. The aim was to evaluate the effect of commercial carbonated beverages and their sugar-free version on enamel and dentine demineralization and on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Materials and Methods Biofilms of S. mutans UA159 were grown on enamel and dentin slabs and exposed 3 times/ day for 5 min, to a commercial cola or orange-flavored carbonated beverage or to their sugar-free version. Biofilms/slabs were recovered to assess biomass, viable microorganisms, protein content and polysaccharides. Demineralization was estimated by the variation of Knoop surface microhardness. Results Exposures to the biofilm with sugars-containing carbonated beverages resulted in similar biomass, viable microorganisms, proteins, and polysaccharides than sucrose (P < 0.05). The sugar-free cola and orange-flavored drink showed lower effect on the biofilm, as compared with sucrose or their sugared version (P < 0.05). All of the products tested, included the sugar-free, showed higher demineralization than the negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Sugars-containing carbonated beverages enhance cariogenic activity of S. mutans biofilms, comparable with sucrose. Sugar-free carbonated beverages also have a high demineralizing potential, without affecting biofilm properties.

scholarly journals Avaliação in vitro da Atividade Antimicrobiana de Extrato Alcoólico de Própolis Comparado à Solução de Clorexidina 0,12%

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Jacobucci Botelho ◽  
Amanda Da Silva ◽  
Fernanda Da Conceição Antônio Ferreira ◽  
Lígia Maria Molinari Capel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Broad Understanding

Apesar dos esforços e do amplo entendimento sobre a cárie dental, está continua bastante prevalente em determinados segmentos da população. A doença apresenta etiologia multifatorial, com a dieta e os micro-organismos envolvidos desenvolvendo papéis fundamentais. Os Streptococcus mutans têm papel fundamental em seu início e é ubíquo em crianças a partir dos sete anos de idade. Para controlar essas bactérias é preciso uma dieta com baixo consumo de sacarose e de carboidratos fermentáveis, o que nem sempre se consegue. Sua remoção da superfície dentária só é possível por meio da fricção mecânica, mas pode-se prevenir sua presença no biofilme dentário através da utilização de antissépticos. O mais utilizado na Odontologia é a clorexidina, porém como não é isenta de efeitos adversos, atualmente, vêm-se estudando produtos alternativos, dentre os quais alguns agentes fitoterápicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a atividade da própolis contra os S. mutans em relação à clorexidina. Foi analisada própolis 70% diluída em álcool 96% e após diluída em água potável 5ml, própolis 50%, própolis 12% e clorexidina 0,12% (controle positivo), e solução salina (controle negativo). O operador foi cego em relação às substâncias que estava utilizando. Somente a clorexidina 0.12% e a própolis 12% apresentaram halo de inibição claro. Neste estudo, a clorexidina apresentou melhor atividade contra os S.mutans.Palavras-chave: Clorexidina. Cárie Dentária. Streptococcus mutans.AbstractDespite the efforts and the broad understanding on dental caries, it is still quite prevalent in certain segments of the population. The disease shows a multifactorial etiology, with diet and microorganisms involved developing fundamental roles. The Streptococcus mutans has key role in its beginning and is ubiquitous in children as young as seven years of age. To control these bacteria a diet is necessary with low consumption of sucrose and of fermentable carbohydrates, which is not always possible. The tooth surface removal is only possible through mechanical friction, but it is possible to prevent the presence of dental biofilm through the use of antiseptics. The most widely used in dentistry is chlorhexidine, however as it is not devoid of adverse effects, currently alternative products have been studying, among which some herbal agents. The aim of this study was to analyze the activity of propolis against S. mutans compared to chlorhexidine. Propolis was analyzed diluted in 70% ethanol 96% and further diluted in drinking water 5ml, 50% propolis, propolis 12% and 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control), and saline (negative control). The operator was blinded for the substances he was using. Only 0.12% chlorhexidine and 12% propolis showed clear inhibition halo. In this study the chlorhexidine presented better activity against S. mutans.Keywords: Chlorhexidine. Dental Caries. Antimicrobials. Streptococcus mutans

scholarly journals Frequency of sucrose exposure on the cariogenicity of a biofilm-caries model

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Díaz-Garrido ◽  
Carla Lozano ◽  
Rodrigo A. Giacaman
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Caries Model ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

ABSTRACT Objective: Although sucrose is considered the most cariogenic carbohydrate in the human diet, the question of how many exposures are needed to induce damage on the hard dental tissues remains unclear. To approach this question, different frequencies of daily sucrose exposure were tested on a relevant biological caries model. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of the Streptococcus mutans were formed on enamel slabs and exposed to cariogenic challenges with 10% sucrose for 5 min at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 times per day. After 5 days, biofilms were retrieved to analyze biomass, protein content, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by percentage of microhardness loss (percentage surface hardness loss [%SHL]). Results: Biomass, protein content, polysaccharide production, acidogenicity of the biofilm, and %SHL proportionally increased with the number of daily exposures to sucrose (P < 0.05). One daily sucrose exposure was enough to induce 20% more demineralization than the negative unexposed control. Higher frequencies induced greater demineralization and more virulent biofilms, but eight and ten exposures were not different between them in most of the analyzed variables (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher sucrose exposure seems to increase cariogenicity, in a frequency-dependent manner, by the modification of bacterial virulent properties.

Fluoride Binding to Streptococcus mutans Pellets Rich in Extracellular Polysaccharides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leonardo Libardi Pagotto ◽  
Manuela da Silva Spinola ◽  
Diego Figueiredo Nóbrega ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Dental Biofilm

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), mainly the insoluble ones, increase the cariogenicity of dental biofilm, but whether they interfere with the binding and retention of fluoride is unknown. EPS-rich (EPS+) and EPS-poor (EPS–) pellets of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> were formed and treated with increasing fluoride concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 mM). A concentration-dependent fluoride binding was observed in both EPS– and EPS+ pellets, but the presence of EPS did not affect the retention of fluoride in the pellets. In conclusion, the data suggest that a matrix of dental biofilm rich in EPS does not affect fluoride retention in the biofilm.

scholarly journals Trk2 Potassium Transport System in Streptococcus mutans and Its Role in Potassium Homeostasis, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursonika Binepal ◽  
Kamal Gill ◽  
Paula Crowley ◽  
Martha Cordova ◽  
L. Jeannine Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dental Biofilm

ABSTRACTPotassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+and a variety of K+transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+acquisition inStreptococcus mutansand the importance of K+homeostasis for its virulence attributes. TheS. mutansgenome harbors four putative K+transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation inS. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing anEscherichia coliTK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response ofS. mutansto environment stresses.IMPORTANCEBiofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causingStreptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment ofS. mutans. K+is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+transporters inS. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+would favor biofilm formation.

scholarly journals Predominance of non-Streptococcus mutans bacteria in dental biofilm and its relation to caries progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa M AlEraky ◽  
Marwa Madi ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Jehan AlHumaid ◽  
Sara Fita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Caries Progression

scholarly journals Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ostadhossein ◽  
Parikshit Moitra ◽  
Esra Altun ◽  
Debapriya Dutta ◽  
Dinabandhu Sar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Dental Plaques

AbstractDental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. These bacteria reside inside a protective sheath which makes any curative treatment challenging. We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. In vitro and ex vivo studies on the mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans revealed >90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. Importantly, 16S rRNA analysis of the dental microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial species did not substantially change with nanoparticle treatment. Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm formed in situ under sugar stress exposure

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alex Arthur ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury ◽  
Renata de Oliveira Mattos-Graner ◽  
Altair A. Del Bel Cury ◽  
Adriana Franco Paes Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Frequent Exposure

In situ dental biofilm composition under sugar exposure is well known, but sugar effect on the genotypic diversity of S. mutans in dental biofilm has not been explored. This study evaluated S. mutans genotypic diversity in dental biofilm formed in situ under frequent exposure to sucrose and its monosaccharide constituents (glucose and fructose). Saliva of 7 volunteers was collected for isolation of S. mutans and the same volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances, containing enamel slabs, which were submitted to the following treatments: distilled and deionized water (negative control), 10% glucose + 10% fructose (fermentable carbohydrates) solution or 20% sucrose (fermentable and EPS inductor) solution, 8x/day. After 3, 7 and 14 days, the biofilms were colleted and S. mutans colonies were isolated. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) of S. mutans showed that salivary genotypes were also detected in almost all biofilm samples, independently of the treatment, and seemed to reflect those genotypes present at higher proportion in biofilms. In addition to the salivary genotypes, others were found in biofilms but in lower proportions and were distinct among treatment. The data suggest that the in situ model seems to be useful to evaluate genotypic diversity of S. mutans, but, under the tested conditions, it was not possible to clearly show that specific genotypes were selected in the biofilm due to the stress induced by sucrose metabolism or simple fermentation of its monosaccharides.

scholarly journals The anti-adherence effect of Lippia sidoides Cham: extract against microorganisms of dental biofilm

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.L. Albuquerque ◽  
M.S.V. Pereira ◽  
D.F. Silva ◽  
L.F. Pereira ◽  
F.A.C. Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Lippia Sidoides ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
In Vitro Simulation

Most illnesses affecting the oral cavity are proven to have infectious origin. Several categories of chemical agents have been used in the chemical control of dental biofilm through strategies that aim at reducing bacterial adhesion and inhibiting the growth and the proliferation of microorganisms on the tooth surface. The use of plants in folk medicine and in Dentistry, as well as the spread of successful cases, has led to scientific exploration, resulting in chemical-pharmacological knowledge of thousands of plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-adherence activity of Lippia sidoides Cham., comparing the results with those of 0.12% chlorhexidine by means of an in vitro simulation of dental biofilm. The studied bacterial strains were Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus casei, main responsible for the biofilm adherence. The studied extract was effective in inhibiting the adherence of Streptococcus mutans up to a concentration of 1:16, compared to Chlorhexidine. Lippia sidoides Cham extract showed anti-adherence effect on the major microorganisms responsible for dental biofilm consolidation.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽  
Luciano Jose Merini ◽  
Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

scholarly journals Preparation of Hulu-mur flavored carbonated beverage based on Feterita sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) malt

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara F. A. Baidab ◽  
Solafa A. Hamad ◽  
Abdel Halim R. Ahmed ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Carbonated Beverage

 In this study, sorghum Feterita malt extract was used to prepare carbonated beverages flavored with traditional Hulu-mur spices extract.  The beverages produced were assessed for their physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional qualities. Malting (3–5 days) of the Feterita grains showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences in proximate composition from that of unmalted grains. Protein and sugars increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increased the malting time (days), while there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in oil and starch  content  during malting progress. The kilning temperature of 150°C for 20 minutes was found to produce the most acceptable Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue in terms of flavor and taste. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed in physicochemical and nutritional qualities between the Hulu-mur analogue carbonated beverage and commercial non-alcoholic beverage. The Hulu-mur carbonated beverage analogue was rich in Na, K, Ca, and Fe (26.45, 21.84, 24.00, and 0.57 mg /100 g, respectively) compared to levels of the same minerals in the non-alcoholic beverage (22.31, 8.19, 22.00 and 0.15 mg/100 g, respectively). The Hulu-mur analogue also had a higher calorific value (35.85 kcal /100 mL) compared to the non-alcoholic beverage (32.96 kcal/100 mL).

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