Antifungal efficacy of lauric acid and caprylic acid – Derivatives of virgin coconut oil against Candida albicans

KEY FINDINGS There is currently no evidence to support the use of virgin coconut oil in the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19. • Virgin coconut oil is naturally extracted from fresh coconut kernel and is rich in medium chain triglycerides, with lauric acid as the predominant fatty acid.• Virgin coconut oil is currently explored as an adjunctive treatment for patients with COVID-19 due to its antiviral and immunomodulatory properties.• In vitro studies show that lauric acid or its derivative exert inhibitory activities against viruses with similar structure to coronavirus (enveloped ssRNA virus) such as Junin virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and Semliki Forest virus.• Animal studies demonstrate antiviral activity of monolaurin, the pharmacologically active metabolite of lauric acid, on avian influenza virus and Simean immunodeficiency virus, which are both enveloped ssRNA viruses.• Clinical trials among patients with HIV report that virgin coconut oil can increase CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and reduce viral load.• In vitro and animal studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties of virgin coconut oil.• At present, there are no studies that investigate the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil in the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19 infection.• There is currently one ongoing clinical trial in the Philippines evaluating the use of virgin coconut oil in the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19.• Nausea, vomiting, mild diarrhea, and abdominal pain have been reported, but no serious adverse events have been identified with the use of virgin coconut oil.• To date, there are no guidelines that mention virgin coconut oil as an option for the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19.

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In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Virgin Coconut oil and White Palm Kernel Oil on Candida Species-Experimental Study

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2019/v27i230092 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽

Sarah Riwom Essama ◽

Yves Le Grand Napa Tchuedji ◽

Maurice Boda ◽

Stève Henri Voundi Olugu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Candida Parapsilosis ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Maximum Inhibition

Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro the antifungal activity of virgin coconut oil and the white palm kernel oil on the growth of six species of the genus Candida. Study Design: This study is an experimental study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of Yaoundé I. Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University teaching Hospital between April to September 2017. Methodology: We included six species of Candida. The method of diffusion discs in agar medium was used for Sensitivity tests and macro-dilution in liquid medium was used for dilution. Results: Majority of the species tested were resistant to conventional antifungals used. Candida hoemulonii was the most sensitive species to virgin coconut oil with percentages of inhibitions higher than 50 % when the concentration of oil was only 3.125 mg/mL and a maximum inhibition percentage of 90.10 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL. Candida albicans, was the least susceptible species to virgin coconut oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 59.85 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL. Candida lipolytica was the most sensitive specie to white palm kernel oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 90,26 % when the concentration of oil was 100 mg/mL and Candida parapsilosis was the least susceptible species to white palm kernel oil with a maximum inhibition percentage of 52,69 % at the same concentration. In addition, the white palm kernel oil which was more active (P˂0.05) than virgin coconut oil was introduced in the Sabouraud broth and the MIC and MFC obtained with Fluconazole was lower on Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis compared to activity of Fluconazole without palm kernel oil in the medium. Nystatin showed also lower MIC and MFC values on Candida parapsilosis when palm kernel oil was present in the culture medium. Conclusion: These results prove that these oils can be used to develop antifungals drugs.

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DAYA HAMBAT VIRGIN COCONUT OIL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS YANG DIISOLASI DARI SAMPEL SWAB VAGINA

JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) ◽

10.23887/jst-undiksha.v6i2.10535 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Burhannuddin Burhannuddin ◽

I W. Karta ◽

B. Tresnanda ◽

I G. N. D. Putra ◽

I P. A. Darmada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil

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The Effect of Giving Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to Changes in Lauric Acid Levels in Breast Milk

JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS ◽

10.25077/aoj.5.2.233-243.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 233-243

Author(s):

Ismul Sadly Putra ◽

Joserizal Serudji

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

The Body ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Nutritional Components ◽

Anti Fungal

Breastmilk (ASI) is the best food produced by the breast glands, containing all the nutritional elements needed by infants aged 0-6 months. Apart from nutrients, breast milk also has other non-nutritional components that act as immune factors for babies. Babies who are not exclusively breastfed will be more susceptible to chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes as adults and can suffer from malnutrition and obesity. Dietary intake significantly affects milk production. The mother's diet can affect the composition of her milk through several metabolic pathways, especially the concentration of fatty acids and vitamins that are soluble in fat and water, including vitamins A, C, B6, and B12. Lauric acid contained in breast milk can help your minor fight infection and increase immunity to protect from various diseases. Not only for the baby, but virgin coconut oil is also starting to be commonly used by dieters. Virgin coconut oil contains lauric acid CH3 (CH2) 10COOH 50% and caprylic acid CH3 (CH2) 6COOH 7%. Both of these acids are medium-chain saturated fatty acids that are quickly metabolized and have anti-microbial properties. The benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) are that it is beneficial for the health of the body, including being antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, and natural anti-protozoa; helps relieve symptoms and reduces health risks associated with diabetes, helps protect against osteoporosis, helps prevent high blood pressure, helps prevent liver disease, keeps the heart and blood vessels healthy, helps prevent cancer, helps you lose weight, maintain stamina, maintain healthy skin and hair.Keywords: Breastmilk, Lauric Acid, VCO

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Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in The Treatment of Leucorrhea Caused by Candida Albicans Infection on Pregnant Women at Hospitals in Padang

JOURNAL OBGIN EMAS ◽

10.25077/aoj.5.2.223-232.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 223-232

Author(s):

Putri Zelfitri Zen ◽

Desmiwarti Desmiwarti ◽

Sumaryati Syukur

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Health Problems ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Control Group ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Before And After

Introduction : According to WHO, the prevalence of reproductive health problems in women has reached 33% from all types of diseases. One of the most frequent reproductive health problems is fluor albus. The incidence of candidiasis in pregnant women has doubly increased, especially at third trimester, compared to women who were not pregnant. Candida should be considered a dangerous pathogen in early pregnancy.Objective : This study compared the number of colonies before and after the administration of virgin coconut oil (VCO) to address vaginal discharge caused by C. albicans infection in pregnant women.Material and methods : This is an experimental study on 36 pregnant women. Examination of fluor albus is done by applying vaginal swab before and after administration of 1 tablespoon of VCO orally three times a day dan 5cc of VCO was applied on the vagina and vulva for intervention group, meanwhile the control group was not given anything. Statistical analysis to test the significance is done by using T-test.Results : There was a difference on average number of colonies with higher number of colonies prior to administration (137.17 ± 16.35 vs 122.17 ± 14.42). The average number of colonies at the first examination was 96.06 ± 8.85 colonies and increased at the second examination to 112.89 ± 12.49 colonies.Conclusion : There was an effect of VCO administration on decreasing the number of colonies in the intervention group (p=0.000), while in control group, there was increasing average number of colonies in the second examination (p=0.000).Keywords: Candida albicans, fluor albus, pregnant women, virgin coconut oil

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Composition of Fatty Acid and Identification of Lauric Acid Position in Coconut and Palm Kernel Oils

Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.32734/idjpcr.v1i2.605 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jansen Silalahi ◽

Lida Karo Karo ◽

Siti Morin Sinaga ◽

Yosy Cinthya Eriwaty Silalahi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Kernel Oil

The nutritional value and biochemical properties of oil are measured by the fatty acids composition in oil and the position of fatty acids (sn-1,2,3) in the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. The purpose of this study was to measure the nutritional value based on the fatty acids composition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The nutritional value of fat was evaluated by the percentage deviation from 33.33% (ratio: 1: 1: 1) of each group of fatty acid (saturated fatty acids; SFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; MUFA:polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The distribution of lauric acid in TAG was conducted through hydrolysis by using specific lipase enzymes active at sn-1,3 positions, so that free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol were produced from one TAG molecule. Then free fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatography. The distribution of lauric acid at sn-2 position was the difference between total lauric acid on TAG before hydrolysis and free lauric acid from sn-1.3 position after hydrolysis. The results showed that PKO nutritional value was better because of the smaller deviation (95.29%) compared with nutritional value of VCO with a greater deviation (118.55%). Lauric acid in sn-2 from VCO and PKO showed that the distribution of lauric acid in sn-2 position was not different,48.33and 48.59%. Keywords: virgin coconut oil, palm kernel oil, composition of fatty acids, sn-2 position, lauric acids

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Virgin Coconut Oil Inhibits Candida Albicans Growth In-vitro

Proceedings of the 2nd Syiah Kuala International Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences ◽

10.5220/0008790100230026 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Umi Fitriyani ◽

Meizly Andina

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil

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APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA ALAT PEMARUT KELAPA PADA PROSES PRODUKSI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) SKALA HOME INDUSTRY DI DESA BUMI WARAS, TELUK BETUNG SELATAN, BANDAR LAMPUNG

Sakai Sambayan Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.23960/jss.v3i2.131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Herti Utami

Keyword(s):

Coconut Oil ◽

Value Added ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

The Public ◽

Cutting Machine ◽

Higher Derivatives ◽

Coconut Product ◽

Derivative Products ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Selection Of

Coconut as a results farming is listed and abundant in the province Lampung, especially in Bandar Lampung. In Bandar Lampung, has vegetable sales community that stated in the Bumi Waras region, Teluk Betung Selatan County. One of the concerns of the vegetables sales community is a coconut results farmer. We take a vegetable sales community as a partner in this activity, because they have a lot of problems about coconut after sales. Coconut that not salable sold will be moldy and decaying in fast. There should be a way to overcome this problem by making a coconut likeness of the derivative products. The solution offered to overcome the problems is right to the application of technology to process the oil into products were chosen in terms of coconut by virgin coconut oil (vco) using the tools for the coconut cutting process easier and more efficient. In such a manner as there will be increasing the levels of value added of coconut into a product with higher derivatives of the having the benefit of and higher selling values. By this activity involved in marketing devotion is also arranging training on any process affecting the production the virgin coconut oil (vco) on the home industry scale. The selection of products VCO is because the easy to process and small capital, so will not burdensome to the public to go into business. With the assistance of the coconut cutting machine raising revenue among traders because the device is versatile and it could also be used to help the VCO production process. A method of the activities that would be used in their business over the devotion this is the method involving a partner or members of the population, especially a vegetable sales in their activities to get as a whole. The implementation of this activity in addition the results showed in the form of a cutting machine of the coconut from which equipped with a motor with a fuel and other equipment to press coconut to get coconut milk also needs to be undertaken a rise in their ability and knowledge partner or a member of community of a vegetable sales through training coconut product development in this case the practice of making VCO including the packaging commercially. The goals of this training were to the ability of making a product VCO can be to raise the income of in the programs as well.

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Formulasi Sabun Cair Dengan Kombinasi Minyak Kelapa Murni (VCO) dan Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus)

Lontara ◽

10.53861/lontarariset.v2i2.220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 96-105

Author(s):

Anita Anita ◽

Nurul Ni’ma Azis ◽

Darmawaty Rauf ◽

Salwa Sahur

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Liquid Soap ◽

Alkaline Salt ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Bacteriological Test

Saponification between alkaline salt and virgin coconut oil (VCO) will produce liquid soap. This is because the use of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in saponification is known to be very good because of the presence of lauric acid which has clean power and functions as an antimicrobial. The addition of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in the manufacture of liquid soap because it contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, essential oils which also function as moisturizers and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the best combination of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with variations in the concentration of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in reducing free radicals in the form of bacteria. In this study, a laboratory experimental method was used with the addition of miana leaf extract. A= 0% (w/w), B= 10% (w/w), C= 15% (w/w),) in 100 mL total virgin coconut oil (VCO) three times. The test parameters were in the form of a bacteriological test using the Total Plate Number (ALT) method. From the results of the study, it was found that the formulation of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with various concentrations of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) could reduce free radicals such as bacteria.

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A Comparative Study of Virgin Coconut Oil, Coconut Oil and Palm Oil in Terms of Their Active Ingredients

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8040402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 402

Author(s):

Suryani Suryani ◽

Sariani Sariani ◽

Femi Earnestly ◽

Marganof Marganof ◽

Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Lauric Acid ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil

This research aims to study the unique factors of virgin coconut oil (VCO) compared with coconut oil (i.e., coconut oil processed through heating the coconut milk and palm oil sold on the market). Its novelty is that it (VCO) contains lactic acid bacteria and bacteriocin. Lauric acid content was analyzed by the Chromatographic Gas method. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was conducted by the dilution method using MRSA + 0.5% CaCO3 media. Iodium number, peroxide, and %FFA were analyzed using a general method, and isolation bacteriocin by the deposition method using ammonium sulfate. In addition, macromolecular identification was conducted by 16S rRNA. VCO was distinguished by a higher content of lauric acid (C12:0) 41%–54.5% as compared with 0% coconut and 0, 1% palm oil, respectively. The VCO also contains LAB, namely Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus paracasei, and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Proteus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhosa and bacteriocin. Comparison with VCO is based on having a high content of lauric acid, 54%, and LAB content. The difference between VCO and coconut oil and palm oil is fatty acids. In VCO there are lauric acid and stearic acid, namely lauric acid VCO (A) 54.06%, VCO (B) 53.9% and VCO (C) 53.7%. The content of stearic acid VCO (A) is 12.03%, VCO (B) 12.01% and VCO (C) 11.9%. Coconut oil contains a little lauric acid, which is 2.81%, stearic acid 2.65% and palmitic acid 2.31%. Palm oil can be said to have very little lauric acid, namely in palm oil 1, 0.45%, and even in palm oil 2, 0%; in turn, palmitic acid palm oil 1 has 2.88% and palm oil 2 palmitic acid has 24.42%.

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