scholarly journals Simultaneous Underexpression of let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p microRNAs in Plasma and Stool Samples from Early Stage Colorectal Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 7s1 ◽  
pp. BIC.S25252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ghanbari ◽  
Neda Mosakhani ◽  
Virinder K. Sarhadi ◽  
Gemma Armengol ◽  
Nazila Nouraee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Improve Patient

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection of CRC can improve patient survival rates; thus, the identification of noninvasive diagnostic markers is urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have extensive potential to diagnose several diseases, including cancer. In this study, we compared the expression pattern of miRNAs from plasma and stool samples of patients with early stages of CRC (I, II) with that of healthy subjects. We performed miRNA profiling using microarrays on plasma and stool samples of eight patients with CRC and four healthy subjects. Seven miRNAs were found to be underexpressed in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC versus healthy subjects. Then, we aimed to verify two out of these seven differentially expressed miRNAs (let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p) by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a larger set of plasma and stool samples of 51 patients with CRC and 26 healthy subjects. We confirmed the results of microarray analysis since their expression was significantly lower in stool and plasma samples of patients with CRC. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that fecal let-7f expression levels have significant sensitivity and specificity to distinguish between patients with CRC and healthy subjects. In conclusion, if the results are confirmed in larger series of patients, underexpressed let-7a-5p and let-7f-5p miRNAs in both plasma and stool samples of patients with CRC may serve potentially as noninvasive molecular biomarkers for the early detection of CRC.

Characterization of a Novel Polymeric Trileaflet Heart Valve Prosthesis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Corbett ◽  
Neil Verma ◽  
Parnian Boloori Zadeh ◽  
Ahmet U. Coskun ◽  
Hamid N.-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Improve Patient

While heart valve prostheses have been used successfully since 1960, 10-year survival rates still range from 37–58% [1]. The underlying problem with bioprostheses is a limited life from structural changes such as calcification and leaflet wear, leading to valve failure [2]. Biological tissue fixation and methods used to mount the tissue to a supporting stent can be blamed for this shortcoming. The underlying problem with mechanical heart valves is the presence of a centrally located leaflet, or occluder. It propagates high velocity jets, turbulence and areas of stagnation: the disturbances which necessitate anticoagulation [3]. A polyurethane valve has the potential to improve upon the shortcomings of existing valves and ultimately improve patient survival.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-21 Is Induced Early in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Precursor Lesions

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maël Chalret du Rieu ◽  
Jérôme Torrisani ◽  
Janick Selves ◽  
Talal Al Saati ◽  
Anny Souque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ductal Cells

Abstract Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the poorest overall prognosis among gastrointestinal cancers; however, curative resection in early-stage PDAC greatly improves survival rates, indicating the importance of early detection. Because abnormal microRNA production is commonly detected in cancer, we investigated noninvasive precursor pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions for microRNA production as a potential early biomarker of PDAC. Methods: Pathologists identified and classified ductal lesions. We extracted total RNA from laser-capture microdissected PanIN tissue samples from a conditional KRAS(G12D) mouse model (n = 29) or of human origin (n = 38) (KRAS is v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog). MicroRNA production was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Internal controls included 5S and U6 RNAs. Results: Production of microRNAs miR-21, miR-205, and miR-200 paralleled PanIN progression in the KRAS(G12D) mouse model, compared with microRNA production in samples of nonpathologic ducts. miR-21 demonstrated the highest relative concentrations in the precursor lesions. Interestingly, miR-205 and miR-21 up-regulation preceded phenotypic changes in the ducts. The production of microRNAs miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and let-7a increased with human PanIN grade, with peak production occurring in hyperplastic PanIN-2/3 lesions. In situ hybridization analysis indicated miR-21 production to be concentrated in pathologic ductal cells. miR-21 production was regulated by KRAS(G12D) and epidermal growth factor receptor in PDAC-derived cell lines. Conclusions: Aberrant microRNA production is an early event in the development of PanIN. Our findings indicate that miR-21 warrants further investigation as a marker for early detection of PDAC.

Early detection of lung cancer with an incidental lung nodule program (ILNP).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8553-8553
Author(s):  
Matthew Smeltzer ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Meghan Meadows-Taylor ◽  
Nicholas Faris ◽  
Carrie Fehnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Group 2

8553 Background: Lung cancer early detection improves survival, but risk-based low-dose CT screening (LDCT) only identifies a minority of patients. We implemented an ILNP in a community healthcare system, and evaluated its risks and benefits. Methods: Patients with lung lesions on routinely-performed radiologic studies were flagged by radiologists and triaged using evidence-based guidelines. We tracked demographics, clinical characteristics, procedures, complications, and health outcomes. We analyzed ILNP subjects’ eligibility for LDCT by National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), Center for Medicaid Services (CMS), NEderlands Leuvens Screening ONderzoek (NELSON), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Risk Groups 1 and 2 (screening recommended), NCCN Risk Group 3 (screening not currently recommended), and US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria from 2013 and 2020. Statistical analysis used the chi-square test and Kaplan Meier method. Results: From 2015-2020, 13,710 patients were evaluated in the ILNP program: median age, 64 years; 42% male; 65% White, 29% Black; 667 (4.9%) were diagnosed with lung cancer. Lung cancers diagnosed from ILNP were 39% adenocarcinoma / 20% Squamous Cell with clinical stage distribution 49% I, 8% II, 17% III, and 16% IV. 832 (6.1%) had invasive diagnostic testing- CT-guided biopsy (50%), bronchoscopy (30%), and/or EBUS (26%); 11% of the 832 had >1 invasive diagnostic test. The most common complications from invasive testing were pneumothorax and chest tube placement. Only 11%-20% of all ILNP patients would have been eligible for LDCT. In ILNP patients diagnosed with lung cancer, only 33% were eligible for screening by NLST criteria; the proportion increased substantially when USPSTF 2020 or NCCN Group 2 criteria were applied (Table). Compared to NLST, NCCN Group 2 criteria increased screening eligibility among cancer patients by 22% (from 33% to 55%), while only increasing screening eligibility by 6% (from 8% to 14%) in non-cancer patients. Aggregate 1-year and 3-year survival rates for lung cancer patient diagnosed through ILNP were 76% (95% CI: 73, 80) and 64% (95% CI: 59, 69). Conclusions: The ILNP identified early-stage lung cancer more frequently than most LDCT programs, with promising survival rates. The majority of subjects with lung cancer were not eligible for LDCT, we still need to optimize risk-based screening criteria. Even with new, expanded criteria for LDCT, structured ILNP is necessary to expand early detection of lung cancer.[Table: see text]

Does CTAP prior to hepatic resection improve patient survival rates?

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Langmo ◽  
A. P. Dagher ◽  
W. B. Mehard ◽  
W. C. Small ◽  
J. P. Heiken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient

scholarly journals Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are indicators of prognosis in pancreatic cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 5228-5236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanyun Feng ◽  
Qi Qi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis ◽  
Improve Patient

Objective Early detection and prognosis prediction are critical to improve patient survival in pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether interleukins could serve as indicators of prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Methods Sixty-eight patients with pancreatic cancer were enrolled in the study during the period between 2012 and 2014. The serum levels of a broad spectrum of interleukins in these patients were determined, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, and IL-23. Results IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 showed significant positive correlations with each other. Moreover, high levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were independently strongly associated with poor survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Our results suggest that serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 could be useful markers for prediction of prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Development of a serum miRNA panel for detection of early stage non-small cell lung cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (40) ◽  
pp. 25036-25042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Ying ◽  
Lingbin Du ◽  
Ruiyang Zou ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Early Stage Nsclc ◽  
Invasive Test

Minimally invasive testing for early detection of lung cancer to improve patient survival is a major unmet clinical need. This study aimed to develop and validate a serum multi-microRNA (multimiR) panel as a minimally invasive test for early detection of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regardless of smoking status, gender, and ethnicity. Our study included 744 NSCLC cases and 944 matched controls, including smokers and nonsmokers, male and female, with Asian and Caucasian subjects. Using RT-qPCR and a tightly controlled workflow, we quantified the absolute expression of 520 circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in a Chinese cohort of 180 early stage NSCLC cases and 216 healthy controls (male smokers). Candidate biomarkers were verified in two case-control cohorts of 432 Chinese and 218 Caucasians, respectively (including females and nonsmokers). A multimiR panel for NSCLC detection was developed using a twofold cross-validation and validated in three additional Asian cohorts comprising 642 subjects. We discovered 35 candidate miRNA biomarkers, verified 22 of them, and developed a five-miR panel that detected NSCLC with area under curve (AUC) of 0.936–0.984 in the discovery and verification cohorts. The panel was validated in three independent cohorts with AUCs of 0.973, 0.916, and 0.917. The sensitivity of five-miR test was 81.3% for all stages, 82.9% for stages I and II, and 83.0% for stage I NSCLC, when the specificity is at 90.7%. We developed a minimally invasive five-miR serum test for detecting early stage NSCLC and validated its performance in multiple patient cohorts independent of smoking status, gender, and ethnicity.

Butyrylcholinesterase as an additional marker in the diagnostic network of acute myocardial infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Kocabaş ◽  
Ali Kemal Erenler ◽  
Mücahit Yetim ◽  
Tolga Doğan ◽  
Hacı Kemal Erdemli
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Additional Marker ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractAcute coronary syndrome defines a broad spectrum of complaints from angina to irreversible myocardial damage. There is an ongoing need for a biomarker to predict and diagnose acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the early stage. In this study, our aim was to reveal early diagnostic value of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in discrimination of healthy subjects and patients with AMI.Eighty-five patients admitted to our hospital due to AMI and 45 healthy subjects were involved in the study. Patients and controls were compared according to BChE, lipid profiles and biochemical parameters.The serum BChE activity was significantly lower in patients with AMI than in the controls (p<0.001). After correlation analysis, while a negative correlation was determined between the serum BChE concentrations and AMI presence (r=–0.363, p<0.001); a positive correlation was determined between the serum BChE and cholesterol (r=0.443, p<0.001), HDL (r=0.243, p=0.006) and LDL (r=0.369, p<0.001) levels. The data indicate that BChE is associated with AMI and a subsequent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed that BChE, as an independent indicator, may differentiate AMI patients from controls. A cut-off point set at ≤7.15 kIU/L, BChE showed a sensitivity of 51.2% and a specificity of 84.4% (AUC=0.719, p<0.001).Low BChE level was significantly associated with AMI when compared to healthy subjects. Even though it has low sensitivity, plasma levels of BChE might represent an additional marker in the diagnostic network of AMI.

Detection of Circulating CEA-IgM Complexes in Early Stage Colorectal Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Castaldi ◽  
M. Marino ◽  
L. Beneduce ◽  
C. Belluco ◽  
F. De Marchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Detection Specificity

We have recently shown that alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), biomarkers associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, may be detected in patient sera as circulating immune complexes with IgM, and that assessment of serum levels of AFP-IgM and SCCA-IgM may be used for the detection of liver cancer. In this study we measured the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as free form (FCEA) and complexed to IgMs (CEA-IgM) in sera of patients affected by colorectal carcinoma (CRC) at different stages as well as in healthy subjects. FCEA levels were above the 5 ng/mL cutoff in 43% of CRC patients (31/72) and CEA-IgM levels were above the 200 AU/mL cutoff in 38% of CRC patients (27/72). Serum levels of CEA-IgM immune complexes (IC) and FCEA did not overlap and 64% of patients (46/72) were positive for at least one marker without compromising the detection specificity (94%). Early detection of CRC was significantly improved by CEA-IgM IC assay. CRC patients at an early stage (stage 1) had elevated CEA-IgM levels in 29% of cases (7/24), while FCEA levels were elevated in only 8% of cases (2/24). These results indicate that CEA-IgM is a complementary serological marker to FCEA which is much more sensitive for early stage CRC, and that the combination of these biomarkers may be useful in the early detection of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Potential Markers for Detection and Monitoring of Ovarian Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. D. Rein ◽  
Sajal Gupta ◽  
Rima Dada ◽  
Joelle Safi ◽  
Chad Michener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Current Screening

This paper reviews current screening techniques as well as novel biomarkers and their potential role in early detection of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is one of the most common reproductive cancers and has the highest mortality rate amongst gynecologic cancers. Because most ovarian cancer diagnoses occur in the late stages of the disease, five-year survival rates fall below 20%. To improve survival rates and to lower mortality rates for ovarian cancer, improved detection at early stages of the disease is needed. Current screening approaches include tumor markers, ultrasound, or a combination. Efforts are underway to discover new biomarkers of ovarian cancer in order to surmount the obstacles in early-stage diagnosis. Among serum protein markers, HE4 and mesothelin can augment CA125 detection providing higher sensitivity and specificity due to the presence of these proteins in early-stage ovarian cancer. Detection testing that includes methylation of the MCJ gene and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor is correlated to poor prognosis and may predict patient survival outcome. Detection testing of biomarkers with long-term stability and combination panels of markers, will likely lead to effective screening strategies with high specificity and sensitivity for early detection of ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Plasma Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNAs Serve as Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 2704-2715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongzhi Hu ◽  
Yang Zhan ◽  
Kegan Zhu ◽  
Ming Bai ◽  
Jiayi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, methods for early diagnosis of CRC are urgently needed. We aimed to identify potential long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in circulatory exosomes that may serve as biomarkers for the detection of early-stage CRC. Methods: Exosomes from the plasma of CRC patients (n = 50) and healthy individuals (n = 50) were isolated by ultracentrifugation, followed by extraction of total exosomal RNAs using TRIzol reagent. Microarray analysis was used for exosomal lncRNA profiling in the two groups, and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression level of lncRNAs in all patients and healthy subjects. Results: The expression of six lncRNAs (LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV6_38772, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_84003, and LNCV6_98602) was found to be significantly up-regulated in CRC patients compared with that in healthy individuals by qRT-PCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to verify their diagnostic accuracy. The values of the area under the curve for these lncRNAs were 0.770 (LNCV6_116109), 0.7500 (LNCV6_98390), 0.6500 (LNCV6_38772), 0.6900 (LNCV_108266), 0.7500 (LNCV6_84003), and 0.7200 (LNCV6_98602). Conclusion: Our study suggested that the expression of these six exosomal lncRNAs (LNCV6_116109, LNCV6_98390, LNCV6_38772, LNCV_108266, LNCV6_84003, and LNCV6_98602) was significantly up-regulated in the plasma of CRC patients, and that they may serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC.

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