To Cause Harm and to be Harmed by Others: New Perspectives on Alcohol's Harms to Others

Objective To examine how sociodemographic factors and alcohol consumption are related to a four-way typology of causing harm to others and/or being harmed by othersș and one's own drinking. Data and Methods Data from the 2011 Danish national survey ( n = 2,569) were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression. Results Younger age and heavy drinking were significant correlates of both causing harm and being harmed. Women and better educated respondents were more likely to report negative effects on relationship and family from another's drinking. Better educated respondents had higher risks for work, financial, or injury harms from another's drinking. Mean alcohol consumption and risky single occasion drinking were related to both causing harm and being harmed from one's own drinking. Conclusions Drinking variables were the strongest correlates of causing harm and being harmed. Efforts to reduce risky drinking may also help reduce exposures to collateral harm.

Download Full-text

Did self‐reported tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity change during the COVID-19 restrictions in Germany in spring 2020? Findings from a population survey (the DEBRA study)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-479652/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie Klosterhalfen ◽

Sabrina Kastaun ◽

Daniel Kotz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Social Life ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

German Population ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Background Broad nationwide restrictions of social life and contacts were implemented in Germany on March 22nd, 2020, to reduce the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). It is unclear how these restrictions affected peoples’ health behaviour. Objective To: i) examine changes in self-reported health behaviour of the German population regarding tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity during the restrictions compared with the time prior to these restrictions; ii) explore associations between potential changes and socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods We used data from two waves (June-August 2020) of the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA): a cross-sectional, representative, face-to‐face household survey in people aged ≥ 14 years (N = 4078). Associations between socioeconomic and sociodemographic characteristics and changes in each health behaviour were analysed using multinomial logistic regression analyses (categories of the dependent variable: increase, no change, decrease). Results People reported changes in their health behaviour: smoking increase = 24.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21.5–26.7), decrease = 12.2% (95%CI = 10.4–14.4); alcohol consumption increase = 12.9% (95%CI = 11.7–14.1), decrease = 19.9% (95%CI = 18.4–21.3); physical activity increase = 18.5% (95%CI = 17.3–19.7); decrease = 29.4% (95%CI = 28.0–31.0). People with a lower level of education and younger age were more likely to report a harmful change in health behaviour. Conclusion The majority of people in Germany did not change their health behaviour during the 2020 corona restrictions. Among those who changed, relatively more increased their smoking and decreased their alcohol consumption and physical activity. Public health interventions in this context should particularly target people with lower socioeconomic status and younger age e.g., by offering more online courses.

Download Full-text

3465 EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON ADULT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: DOES RACE AND/OR SEX MATTER?

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2019.104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (s1) ◽

pp. 44-44

Author(s):

Nia Byrd ◽

Bethany Stangl ◽

Melanie Schwandt ◽

Mehdi Farokhnia ◽

Lorenzo Leggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Harmful Use ◽

Physical Neglect ◽

Dependent Sample

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: There has been substantial research showing that there are race and sex differences on alcohol use. Similarly, race and sex disparities are also seen in a variety of different factors that impact drinking behaviors and other health outcomes. One of these factors of interest is Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) which is associated with an increased risk for excessive alcohol use and the harmful effects of drinking. Several studies have shown that racial minorities and females have a greater risk of ACEs, which may be partly related to various structural factors (i.e. poverty) and social norms. Although there has been a substantial amount of research done on ACEs, very few studies have looked at how their interaction with race and sex can influence alcohol-related behaviors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 1,509 participants who self-identified as either Black or White were recruited through a screening protocol at the NIAAA where they completed a series of questionnaires. We categorized the participants into two groups based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders: Alcohol Dependent individuals (N=921) with either a past and/or current diagnosis and Non-dependent individuals (N=588). ACEs exposure was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We looked at both total score and the 5 subscales: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Drinking behaviors were assessed using a 90-day Timeline Followback interview and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The non-dependent sample was 63% White and 55% male while the alcohol dependent sample was 47% White and 70% male. We tested the interaction effects using ANOVA. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In the ND sample, there were significant race*sex*ACEs effects for average drinks per day with CTQ total score (P = 0.007), physical abuse (P = 0.005), and physical neglect (P = 0.003). There was also a 3-way interaction with physical neglect on heavy drinking days (P = 0.039) and a 2-way race*ACEs interaction on AUDIT total with physical abuse (P = 0.048). In the AD sample, there were significant 2-way race*ACEs interactions for three drinking outcomes: heavy drinking days with physical neglect (P = 0.009), AUDIT-Harmful Use subscore with CTQ total score (P = 0.028) and physical neglect (P = 0.001), AUDIT-Total score with CTQ total score (P = 0.007), physical abuse (P = 0.042), sexual abuse (P = 0.024), and physical neglect (P = 0.003). There were also 3-way interactions for AUDIT-Harmful use (P = 0.013) and AUDIT-Total scores (P = 0.011) with emotional abuse. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our results indicate that there are both 2-way (race*ACEs) and 3-way (race*sex*ACEs) interaction effects on alcohol consumption and the related negative effects for both non-dependent and dependent samples. There were no sex*ACEs interaction effects in either sample implying that race may play a bigger role in differentiating drinking outcomes by ACEs across males and females. However, contrary to our expectations, race seemed to be protective factor for Black participants against both alcohol consumption and the negative effects despite having higher rates of ACEs exposure. Future analyses will explore personality measures as potential mediators of the relationship between ACEs and alcohol use. Also, analyses will look to see if there are any behavioral factors that may contribute to resiliency among minority populations.

Download Full-text

Reward-Related Attentional Capture Moderates the Association between Fear-Driven Motives and Heavy Drinking

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000513470 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Chang Liu ◽

Murat Yücel ◽

Chao Suo ◽

Mike E. Le Pelley ◽

Jeggan Tiego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Attentional Capture ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Drinking Motives ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Cognitive Mechanisms ◽

Problematic Drinking ◽

The Past ◽

Motivational Profile

Background: To date, there has been little investigation on how motivational and cognitive mechanisms interact to influence problematic drinking behaviours. Towards this aim, the current study examined whether reward-related attentional capture is associated with reward, fear (relief), and habit drinking motives, and further, whether it interacts with these motives in relation to problematic drinking patterns. Methods: Ninety participants (mean age = 34.8 years, SD = 9.1, 54% male) who reported having consumed alcohol in the past month completed an online visual search task that measured reward-related attentional capture as well as the Habit Reward Fear Scale, a measure of drinking motives. Participants also completed measures of psychological distress, impulsivity, compulsive drinking, and consumption items of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Regression analyses examined the associations between motives for alcohol consumption and reward-related attentional capture, as well as the associations between reward-related attentional capture, motives, and their interaction, with alcohol consumption and problems. Results: Greater reward-related attentional capture was associated with greater reward motives. Further, reward-related attentional capture also interacted with fear motives in relation to alcohol consumption. Follow-up analyses showed that this interaction was driven by greater fear motives being associated with heavier drinking among those with lower reward-related attentional capture (i.e., “goal-trackers”). Conclusion: These findings have implications for understanding how cognition may interact with motives in association with problematic drinking. Specifically, the findings highlight different potential pathways to problematic drinking according to an individual’s cognitive-motivational profile and may inform tailored interventions to target profile-specific mechanisms. Finally, these findings offer support for contemporary models of addiction that view excessive goal-directed behaviour under negative affect as a critical contributor to addictive behaviours.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with small- and large-for-gestational-age in socioeconomically vulnerable individuals in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqab033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ila R Falcão ◽

Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽

Marcia Furquim de Almeida ◽

Rosemeire L Fiaccone ◽

Natanael J Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Mixed Race ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Characteristics ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Study Population ◽

Brazilian Populations

ABSTRACT Background Evidence points to diverse risk factors associated with small- (SGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births. A more comprehensive understanding of these factors is imperative, especially in vulnerable populations. Objectives To estimate the occurrence of and sociodemographic factors associated with SGA and LGA births in poor and extremely poor populations of Brazil. Methods The study population consisted of women of reproductive age (14–49 y), whose last child was born between 2012 and 2015. INTERGROWTH 21st consortium criteria were used to classify weight for gestational age according to sex. Multinomial logistic regression modeling was performed to investigate associations of interest. Results Of 5,521,517 live births analyzed, SGA and LGA corresponded to 7.8% and 17.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed greater odds of SGA in children born to women who self-reported as black (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.22), mixed-race (parda) (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.09), or indigenous (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.15), were unmarried (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.08), illiterate (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.52), did not receive prenatal care (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.53, 1.60), or were aged 14–20 y (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.22) or 35–49 y (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.13). Considering LGA children, higher odds were found in infants born to women living in households with ≥3 inadequate housing conditions (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.12), in indigenous women (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.25), those who had 1–3 y of schooling (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.19), 1–3 prenatal visits (OR: 1.16; CI 95%: 1.14, 1.17), or were older (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.27). Conclusions In poorer Brazilian populations, socioeconomic, racial, and maternal characteristics are consistently associated with the occurrence of SGA births, but remain less clearly linked to the occurrence of LGA births.

Download Full-text

Nalmefene against alcohol use disorder: A report of one case

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1734 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s866-s866

Author(s):

M. Juncal Ruiz ◽

O. Porta Olivares ◽

L. Sánchez Blanco ◽

R. Landera Rodríguez ◽

M. Gómez Revuelta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Opioid Receptor ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Withdrawal Syndrome ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Family Relationship ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

IntroductionAlcohol consumption represents a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. Alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men and 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and the seriousness of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol-dependents are ever treated. One potentially interesting treatment option is oriented toward reducing alcohol intake.AimsTo describe one case who has improved his alcohol consumption after starting treatment with nalmefene, an opioid receptor antagonist related to naltrexone.MethodsA 35-year-old male with alcohol use disorder since 2001 came to our consult in November 2015. He was in trouble with his family and he had a liver failure. We offer a new treatment option with nalmefene 18 mg to reduce alcohol consumption.ResultsBefore to start nalmefene he drank 21 drinks/week. Six-month later, he decreased alcohol intake until 5 drinks/week with better family relationship and liver function. After starting nalmefene he complained of nausea, so we recommend to take the middle of the pill for next 7 days. After this time he returned to take one pill with good tolerance and no more side effects or withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking and in preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its opioid receptor antagonism. This case suggests nalmefene is a potential option to help patients, who do not want or cannot get the abstinence, in reducing their alcohol consumption.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Exploring relationships between alcohol consumption, inflammation and brain structure in a heavy drinking sample

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1111/acer.14712 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hollis C. Karoly ◽

Carillon J. Skrzynski ◽

Erin N. Moe ◽

Angela D. Bryan ◽

Kent E. Hutchison

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Heavy Drinking

Download Full-text

Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

Nordisk Alkoholtisdkrift (Nordic Alcohol Studies) ◽

10.1177/145507259501201s12 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 14-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sari Hanhinen

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Adult Population ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

European Countries ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Central European ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Drinking Habits ◽

Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

Download Full-text

Heavy alcohol consumption in individuals with HIV infection: Effects on neuropsychological performance

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617705050095 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 70-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

JOHANNES C. ROTHLIND ◽

TANYA M. GREENFIELD ◽

ANNE V. BRUCE ◽

DIETER J. MEYERHOFF ◽

DEREK L. FLENNIKEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Heavy Alcohol ◽

Heavy Drinkers ◽

Heavy Alcohol Use ◽

Active Alcohol

Higher rates of alcohol use have been reported in HIV+ individuals compared to the general population. Both heavy alcohol use and HIV infection are associated with increased risk of neuropsychological (NP) impairment. We examined effects of heavy active alcohol use and HIV on NP functioning in a large sample of community-residing HIV+ individuals and HIV− controls. The four main study groups included 72 HIV− light/non-drinkers, 70 HIV− heavy drinkers (>100 drinks per month), 70 HIV+ light/non-drinkers, and 56 HIV+ heavy drinkers. The heavy drinking group was further subdivided to assess effects of the heaviest levels of active alcohol use (>6 drinks per day) on NP functioning. A comprehensive NP battery was administered. Multivariate analysis of covariance was employed to examine the effect of HIV and alcohol on NP functioning after adjusting for group differences in age and estimated premorbid verbal intellectual functioning. The analyses identified main effects of heavy drinking and HIV on NP function, with greatest effects involving the contrast of HIV+ heavy drinkers and the HIV− light drinkers. Synergistic effects of heaviest current drinking and HIV infection were identified in analyses of motor and visuomotor speed. Supplementary analyses also revealed better NP function in the HIV+ group with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and lower level of viral burden, a finding that was consistent across levels of alcohol consumption. Finally, heavy alcohol use and executive functioning difficulties were associated with lower levels of self-reported medication adherence in the HIV+ group. The findings suggest that active heavy alcohol use and HIV infection have additive adverse effects on NP function, that they may show synergistic effects in circumstances of very heavy active alcohol use, and that heavy drinking and executive functioning may mediate health-related behaviors in HIV disease. (JINS, 2005, 11, 70–83.)

Download Full-text

Gender difference in betel quid consumption levels and tobacco use among adults in Myanmar

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Yin Min Aye ◽

Seo Ah Hong ◽

Bang-On Thepthien ◽

Sariyamon Tiraphat

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Positive Association ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Betel Quid ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Betel Quid Chewing ◽

No Consumption

Several small scaled studies in Myanmar investigated determinants of betel quid chewing status but to better understand more complete profiles of betel quid chewing habits, this study investigated the associations of betel quid consumption levels with tobacco and sociodemographic factors using a nationally representative sample in Myanmar. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted by using Myanmar demographic and health survey (MDHS) (2015-2016). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed with p-value<0.05 as significance. Men averagely chewed 5.59 (SD=8.229) pieces per day while women chewed 1.25 (SD=3.584) pieces. The prevalence of chewing daily pieces 1-2, 3-5 and 6+ were 7.9%, 17.1% and 34.2% for men and 6.1%, 8% and 7.1 %, respectively, for women. In multivariate analysis, low education, low family wealth, married, and urban were more likely to chew 6+ pieces per day relevant to no consumption in both genders, while a positive association with age was observed only in women. Tobacco use was associated with low consumption level (1-2 pieces), relative to no consumption in both genders. Therefore, this study underlined the need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with betel quid chewing and tobacco use among socially disadvantaged populations and urban residents.

Download Full-text

Alcohol consumption among Chilean adolescents: Examining individual, peer, parenting and environmental factors

The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research ◽

10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.71 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 89-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Guillermo Enrique Sanhueza ◽

Jorge Delva ◽

Cristina Bares ◽

Andrew Grogan-Kaylor

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Parental Monitoring ◽