Use of recorded nursing grunts during lactation in two breeds of sows. II. Effects on sow performance and mammary development

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
K. Fisette ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
H. Quesnel ◽  
J. P. Laforest
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Group 1

Primiparous lactating sows of two different genotypes [42 Genex-Meishan hybrid (MH) and 42 Yorkshire-Landrace (YL)] were exposed to recorded nursing grunts played at different intervals, and the effects on sow performance and mammary growth were studied. Sows within each breed were divided in three groups (n = 14 for each group): (1) no playbacks (control), (2) playbacks at 35-min interv als (GR35), and (3) playbacks at 40-min intervals (GR40). Recordings were played from day 110 of gestation to day 28 of lactation. Litter size was standardized to 10 ± 1 pigs within 48 h postpartum, and weight and backfat thickness of sows were recorded on day 110 of gestation, and on days 2 and 27 of lactation. Sow feed and water intakes were recorded throughout lactation. Milk samples were obtained from all sows on day 27 postpartum and jugular blood samples were obtained on day 28 for measurement of IGF -I and prolactin concentrations. Sows were slaughtered on day 28 of lactation and their mammary glands were excised to perform compositional analyses. Ovaries were also collected. The MH sows weighed less (P < 0.01) and had more backfat (P < 0.01) than YL sows. Milk from MH sows contained more dry matter (P < 0.05) and more lactose (P < 0.05) than that from YL sows. Mammary parenchymal tissue weighed less (P < 0.05) and contained less total protein (P = 0.01) and total DNA (P < 0.01) in MH than in YL sows. Sows in GR35 also had more total parenchymal DNA (P < 0.05) than control sows. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I and prolactin were not affected by breed or treatment (P > 0.1) whereas ovaries were heavier (P < 0.01) in control MH than in control YL ows. Therefore, playbacks of nursing grunts at 35-min intervals throughout lactation increased total mammary cell number without affecting hormonal or milk composition status. Key words: Auditory stimulus, lactation, mammary development, Meishan, milk, sows

scholarly journals The biological significance of differences in cows and sows colostrum and milk composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
Miloje Djuric ◽  
Zeljko Sladojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Protein Milk

The objective of this work was to compare the composition of colostrum and milk of cows and sows (content of dry matter, protein, milk fat and lactose, concentration of IGF-I and insulin) in samples taken on the first, second, third and seventh day after parturition, and then based on the differences in composition to determine a biological significance of nutrition of newborn during the earliest stages of their life. The investigation inluded 14 cows of Holstein breed and 14 sows of Landrace breed. The content of dry matter and the concentration of proteins in both colostrum and milk samples were statistically significantly higher in regard to sows mammary glands secretion, taken on the first day after the parturition (p<0,01 and p<0,001, individually), but their decrease in mammary glands secretion was more pronounced in the cows than the sows, during the first seven days. The concentration IGF-I was statistically significantly higher in the cows colostrum and milk in regard to the sows during the whole investigation period, while the concentration of insulin was significantly higher in the sows in regard to the cows during the same period. The concentrations of milk fat and lactose in cows milk samples were significantly lower in regard to the sows in all period of the study. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in the composition of milk and colostrum of both the investigated animal species. The differences are probably the result of evolutionary adaptation of mammal gland function to nutrition, energy and protection requirements of these young animals in their early postnatal life.

scholarly journals Endocrinology and mammary development of lactating Genex-Meishan and Large White sows

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
M. F. Palin ◽  
M. T. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Prolactin Receptors ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Endocrine and metabolic data as well as mammary tissue composition were obtained in Genex-Meishan (GM, containing 50% Chinese Meishan genes) and Large White (LW) lactating sows. Jugular vein cannulae were used to collect serial blood samples from 9 LW and 8 GM sows for 4 h every 15 min on days 6 and 19 of lactation. Concentrations of prolactin and cortisol were determined on all samples while those of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGFI), growth hormone (GH), glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured in hourly samples. Milk samples were obtained from 19 GM and 16 LWsows on day 23 of lactation and all sows were slaughtered on day 25. Mammary glands were excised and analyzed for tissue composition and for number and affinity of prolactin receptors. Concentrations of plasma IGF-I were lower (P < 0.01) and plasma FFA greater (P < 0.001) in GM than in LW sows. On day 6 of lactation, serum prolactin (P < 0.05) and cortisol (P < 0.01) concentrations were greater and glucose values lower (P < 0.001) in GM than in LW sows. The concentration of IGFI in lactoserum was lower (P < 0.001) while that of prolactin was greater (P < 0.05) in GM compared to LW sows on day 23 of lactation. There was less (P < 0.001) residual milk and more (P < 0.05) parenchymal RNA in mammary glands from GM compared to LW sows. The affinity of prolactin receptors was also greater (P < 0.05) in GM than in LW sows. The better emptying of mammary glands by litters from GM sows and the greater circulating concentrations of prolactin in early lactation as well as the greater affinity of mammary prolactin receptors may be related to the great milking potential of Meishan-derived sows. Key words: Hormones, lactation, mammary gland, Meishan, prolactin, sows

scholarly journals PSII-2 The impact of essential oil supplementation on sow milk composition and fecal dry matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Shannon L Dierking ◽  
H J Monegue ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The transition from gestation to lactation greatly impacts the sow body. The expulsion of piglets, placenta, and fluids can result in dehydration and consequently constipation post-farrowing. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an EO product (tradename Absorbezz) on sow fecal dry matter and milk composition. A total of 101 late-gestation sows from three farrowing groups (Group 1: 110 ± 3 d GEST, 263 ± 28 kg initial BW, Group 2: 109 ± 1 d GEST, 259 ± 26 kg initial BW, Group 3: 73 ± 5 d GEST, 238 ± 30 kg initial BW) were allotted to one of two treatments based on parity and BW in each group (Groups 1 and 2: CON: No EO, TRT: 10 mL/d of EO top-dressed; Group 3 received the EO as part of their diet, with a range dependent on the individual sow’s daily feed intake). Sows remained on their respective dietary treatments throughout the remainder of gestation and lactation. Samples were collected from each group (feces; d 110 of gestation, d 4 to 6 and day 14 to 17 of lactation; milk (Group 2 and 3); d 14 to 17). Analysis of variance was performed using PROC GLM of SAS. The TRT group did not experience any differences in the components of fat, protein, and total solids (P > 0.10), there was an increase in lactose (5.97 vs 5.84, P = 0.04), but a decrease in solids non-fat (10.91 vs. 11.00, P = 0.07), and gross energy compared to those of the CON group (4.29 mJ/kg vs. 4.45 mJ/kg, P = 0.08). Fecal DM was not affected at any collection time (P > 0.10). Overall, the addition of EO did not affect fecal DM, but did influence several milk components.

Suppression of ovarian secretions before puberty strongly affects mammogenesis in the goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Yart ◽  
Laurence Finot ◽  
Pierre-Guy Marnet ◽  
Frédéric Dessauge
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Pcr Analysis

The objective of this study was to provide insight into the biological mechanisms underlying mammary development and the role of the ovaries in prepubertal caprine mammogenesis using a serial ovariectomy approach. Young Alpine goats were ovariectomized (Ovx) or sham-operated (Int) at three periods before puberty (G1=1 month, G2=2 month and G3=3 months of age) and one after puberty (G7=7 months of age). The goats were slaughtered at 9 months of age and mammary glands were removed. Ovariectomy performed at 1, 2 and 3 months of age caused a 50% reduction in DNA concentration, in mammary tissue taken from the parenchyma-stroma border region. Morphological analysis of mammary tissue sections indicated that the parenchymal structures of Ovx goats were negatively affected by ovariectomy. Goats ovariectomized before 2 months of age (Ovx-1 and Ovx-2) showed a significant decrease in the percent of cells proliferating in mammary glands of 9-month old goats (proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and antigen Ki67-positive cell number). Also, goats ovariectomized at 1 and 2 months of age had reduced matrix metalloprotease 2 activity at 9 months of age. E-cadherin was strongly decreased in goats ovariectomized before 2 months of age (80 and 85% in Ovx-1 and Ovx-2 goats, respectively). Quantitative PCR analysis of transcripts encoding for oestrogen (ERα) and progesterone receptors (PR) and immunodetection of ERα showed that ovariectomy at 1 and 2 months of age strongly inhibited the transcription of ERα and PR in the mammary gland. We conclude that ovariectomy before 3 months of age markedly impaired parenchymal development. These findings suggest that prepubertal mammogenesis in goats depends on the ovaries to initiate mammary epithelial cell proliferation and mammary gland remodelling.

scholarly journals Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) induces premature cell death in the mammary glands of transgenic mice

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (19) ◽  
pp. 4547-4557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Tonner ◽  
Michael C. Barber ◽  
Gordon J. Allan ◽  
James Beattie ◽  
John Webster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Igf I

We have previously demonstrated that IGFBP-5 production by mammary epithelial cells increases dramatically during involution of the mammary gland. To demonstrate a causal relationship between IGFBP-5 and cell death we created transgenic mice expressing IGFBP-5 in the mammary gland using a mammary-specific promoter, β-lactoglobulin. DNA content in the mammary glands of transgenic mice was decreased as early as day 10 of pregnancy. Histological analysis indicated reduced numbers of alveolar end buds, with decreased ductal branching. Transgenic dams produced IGFBP-5 in their milk at concentrations similar to those achieved at the end of normal lactation. Mammary cell number and milk synthesis were both decreased by approximately 50% during the first 10 days of lactation. BrdU labelling was decreased, whereas DNA ladders were increased in transgenic animals on day 1 of lactation. On day 2 postpartum, the epithelial invasion of the mammary fat pad was clearly impaired in transgenic animals. The concentrations of the pro-apoptotic molecule caspase-3 and of plasmin were both increased in transgenic animals whilst the concentrations of 2 prosurvival molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xLwere both decreased. In order to examine whether IGFBP-5 acts by inhibiting the survival effect of IGF-I we examined IGF receptor phosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation and showed that both were inhibited. We attempted to “rescue” the transgenic phenotype by using growth hormone to increase endogenous IGF-I concentrations or by implanting minipumps delivering an IGF-1 analogue, R3-IGF-1, which binds weakly to IGFBP-5. Growth hormone treatment failed to affect mammary development suggesting that increased concentrations of endogenous IGF-1 are insufficient to overcome the high concentrations of IGFBP-5 produced by these transgenic animals. In contrast mammary development (gland weight and DNA content) was normalised by R3-IGF-I although milk production was only partially restored. This is the first demonstration that over-expression of IGFBP-5 can lead to; impaired mammary development, increased expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule caspase-3, increased plasmin generation and decreased expression of pro-survival molecules of the Bcl-2 family. It clearly demonstrates that IGF-I is an important developmental/survival factor for the mammary gland and, furthermore, this cell death programme may be utilised in a wide variety of tissues.

scholarly journals 431 Increasing IGF-1 concentrations in late pregnancy stimulates mammary development of gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
Chantal Farmer ◽  
Pieter Langendijk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin

Abstract The goal of this project was to determine if increasing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations in late pregnancy can stimulate mammogenesis in gilts. Yorkshire x Landrace gilts (196.2 ± 6.2 kg BW on day 89 of gestation) were separated in two groups: 1) controls (CTL, n = 17) injected with sterile water, and 2) porcine somatotropin-treated (pST, n = 20) injected daily with 5 mg of pST (Reporcin®) from days 90 to 109 of gestation. Gilts were slaughtered on day 110 to collect mammary glands and blood samples were obtained on days 89, 96, 103 and 109 of gestation. Treated gilts gained more BW (P &lt; 0.05) and lost more backfat (P &lt; 0.05) than CTL gilts during treatment. There was a treatment x day effect (P &lt; 0.01) on IGF-1, glucose and urea concentrations in blood. Concentrations of IGF-1 increased fourfold (P &lt; 0.01) in pST compared with CTL gilts on days 96, 103 and 109 of gestation. Insulin values were also greater on days 96 (P &lt; 0.01) and 103 (P = 0.01), and tended to be greater (P &lt; 0.10) on day 109 of gestation in pST gilts. Glucose was greater in pST than CTL gilts on days 96 (P &lt; 0.01), 103 (P &lt; 0.01) and 109 (P = 0.01). Injections of pST did not affect weight of mammary extraparenchyma (P &gt; 0.10) but increased mammary parenchymal mass (1922.2 vs 1576.1 ± 123.9 g, P &lt; 0.05). Mammary parenchyma contained more (P &lt; 0.05) protein, DNA and RNA and less fat (P &lt; 0.05) and dry matter (P &lt; 0.01) in pST than CTL gilts. These findings demonstrate that increasing circulating IGF-1 in late-pregnant gilts can stimulate mammary development both in terms of total parenchymal mass and of parenchymal tissue composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Lysine Levels on Production Performance and Milk Composition of High-Producing Sows during Lactation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Xiong Xia ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Weaning Pigs

Modern genotype sows require enhanced nutrition because of their larger body size and higher reproductive performance than 20 years ago. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Lys on the lactating of primiparous sows and the second lactating period to minimize sow body weight (BW) loss and maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain. A total of 160 primiparous Yorkshire sows were randomly allotted to one of four experimental lactation diets. Formulated to contain 0.84%, 0.94%, 1.04%, and 1.14% standardized ileal digestibility (SID) Lys and balanced in Met, Thr, Trp, and Val. No dietary effects were found on sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) change and feed intake during lactation. However, the Lys intake (p = 0.04) of lactation increased linearly with increasing dietary Lys levels. In addition, 1.14% Lys for primiparous sow and 0.94% Lys for second parity sow during lactation increased the survival rate (p = 0.04), weight (p = 0.04), and ADG of piglets at d 21 (p = 0.03). The dietary Lys level did not affect colostrum compositions. However, the dry matter (p = 0.04) and protein (p = 0.03) in milk increased linearly with the increase in dietary Lys levels, whereas moisture decreased linearly (p = 0.05). The level of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) also increased at d 21 of weaning (p = 0.04). These results indicate that high-yielding lactating sows required 1.14% SID Lys during parity 1, and 0.94% SID Lys during parity 2 to maximize the survival rate of piglets and litter gain, respectively. Moreover, the effects of dietary amino acid (AA) on the production performance of weaning pigs could be mediated through milk composition change.

SUBSTITUTION OF RAPESEED MEAL FOR SOYBEAN MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR LACTATING COWS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
DOROTHY S. WALSH
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Low Erucic Acid

Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to treatment sequences in a 4 × 4 changeover experiment. Experimental periods were 28 days in length separated by 7 days for changeover. Cows were fed corn silage free choice and gradually increasing amounts of one of four dairy concentrates containing 0, 11, 22, or 34% rapeseed meal (RSM) of a Canadian, experimental, low glucosinolate–low erucic acid variety. Concentrate intake (kg dry matter/day), milk yield (kg/day) and body weight change (kg/28 days) were 8.45a, 8.71a, 8.37a and 7.17b; 24.40a, 24.03ab, 22.92bc and 21.96c and 7.6b, 22.4b, 13.0ab, and 3.0b for 0, 11, 22 and 34% RSM mixtures, respectively. There was no influence of treatment on milk composition. Ration dry matter (DM) and nitrogen digestibilities declined (P < 0.05) as the RSM in the concentrate mixture increased. The amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine was greatest for cows fed 0% RSM and least for cows fed 34% RSM. Cows fed concentrate mixtures containing 34% RSM had a lower blood thyroxine level than others (P < 0.05), but RSM-containing concentrates had no apparent effect on the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine. Results of the trial indicated that this experimental variety of RSM had no detrimental effect on concentrate intake, DM digestibility, milk composition or thyroid hormone metabolism when included at levels up to 22% in the concentrate mixture. However, milk yield and apparent digestibility of ration nitrogen were decreased (P < 0.05) by the 22% RSM mixture. It was not certain from the current findings whether the depression in digestibility was due largely to the high oil content of the meal or due to the higher fiber content of the RSM-supplemented rations.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

scholarly journals Mammary Cell Number, Proliferation, and Apoptosis During a Bovine Lactation: Relation to Milk Production and Effect of bST

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 2177-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Capuco ◽  
D.L. Wood ◽  
R. Baldwin ◽  
K. Mcleod ◽  
M.J. Paape
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mammary Cell ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document