Protein supplementation to enhance the performance of pregnant cows on rough fescue grasslands in winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
B. S. Freeze
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rough Fescue

Rough fescue grasslands are readily damaged with heavy grazing pressure in the summer but tolerate grazing in winter. In addition, these grasslands have physical and nutritive properties that make them favourable for winter grazing by cattle, which reduces the cost of winter feeding while preserving the integrity of the grasslands. This study was conducted on the rough fescue grassland to determine the impact of protein supplementation on pregnant Hereford cows and the effect of supplementation on forage intake. A secondary objective was to determine the winter quality of forage from this grassland as measured by crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of selected species. The study site was in the rough fescue grasslands at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Range Research Substation west of Stavely, AB. A canola based supplement (32% CP) with added minerals was fed to pregnant Hereford cows at four levels [0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 kg d−1 per animal] from 1 November to 31 January over 3 yr. Two animals were used in each of 12 paddocks (1.67 ha each) arranged in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Cow weight and backfat were recorded before and after each feeding period. Forage biomass and feed intake were estimated by harvesting plots before and after grazing, and with the use of a non-destructive method based on measurements of individual plants that allowed estimates for each forage species. Cow weights were affected (P = 0.002) by supplementation. Cows receiving 0.4 kg d−1 supplement lost the most weight while cows receiving 0.8 or 1.2 kg d−1 lost the least. Backfat was not responsive to supplementation (P > 0.05). Rough fescue grasslands must be in good condition to be able to support winter grazing because rough fescue provides most of the forage utilized by cattle in winter. Key words: Winter grazing, Festuca campestris, rough fescue, weight loss, backfat, digestibility, beef cattle

Fire and grazing influence food resources of an endangered rock-wallaby

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Tuft ◽  
Mathew S. Crowther ◽  
Clare McArthur
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Grazing Impacts ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
The Impact

Context Fire and grazing have complex and interacting impacts on food resources available to endangered herbivores and can potentially be manipulated as part of conservation strategies. Aims We examined the interacting impacts of fire and grazing on the food resources available to a colony of endangered brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) to test fire as a potential management tool. Methods We conducted two manipulative experiments using a repeated-measures split-block design. We measured the effects of grazing and strategic burning on total vegetation biomass and on particular plants selected by rock-wallabies. In the first experiment we measured the impact of rock-wallaby grazing alone. In the second experiment we measured grazing impacts by both rock-wallabies and potentially competitive sympatric macropods. Grazing was manipulated with three treatments: grazed (open), ungrazed (fenced) and procedural control (half fence). Key results In both experiments, burning resulted in greater above-ground biomass of plants selected by rock-wallabies. The response of different plant functional groups to fire was staggered, with forb biomass peaking early and browse biomass increasing above unburnt levels a year after burning. Conclusions Despite the limited grazing pressure exerted by the small colony of rock-wallabies in Experiment 1 we detected a negative grazing effect on forbs growing after fire in burnt plots. In Experiment 2, grazing pressure was much more marked due to the high densities of sympatric macropods. In this case, while burning resulted in greater biomass of plants selected by rock-wallabies, grazing (predominantly by sympatric macropods) negated this effect. Implications Small patchwork burning can be a useful tool to improve food resources for brush-tailed rock-wallabies, with effects sustained over more than two years. However, when rock-wallabies are sympatric with possible competitor species, the grazing impacts of sympatric macropods may cancel out any benefits to rock-wallabies.

scholarly journals Welfare Challenges Influence the Complexity of Movement: Fractal Analysis of Behaviour in Zebrafish

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Deakin ◽  
Joseph W. Spencer ◽  
Andrew R. Cossins ◽  
Iain S. Young ◽  
Lynne U. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pain Test ◽  
Pit Tagging ◽  
The Impact

The ability to assess welfare is an important refinement that will ensure the good condition of animals used in experimentation. The present study investigated the impact of invasive procedures on the patterns of movement of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Recordings were made before and after fin clipping, PIT tagging and a standard pain test and these were compared with control and sham handled zebrafish. The fractal dimension (FD) from the 3D trajectories was calculated to determine the effect of these treatments on the complexity of movement patterns. While the FD of zebrafish trajectories did not differ over time in either the control or sham group, the FDs of the treatment groups reduced in complexity. The FD of fish injected with different strengths of acetic acid declined in a dose-dependent manner allowing us to develop an arbitrary scale of severity of the treatments. The 3D trajectory plots from some groups indicated the presence of repetitive swimming patterns akin to stereotypical movements. When administered with lidocaine, which has analgesic properties, the movement complexity of fin clipped fish reverted to a pattern that resembled that of control fish. Fractal analysis of zebrafish locomotion could potentially be adopted as a tool for fish welfare assessment.

scholarly journals Impact of variety and levels of nitrogen on the growth performance of HYV transplant Aman rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
SK Paul ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
KR Das ◽  
SMM Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to December 2012 with a view to finding out the impact of variety and levels of nitrogen on the growth performance of transplant Aman rice. The experiment comprised four varieties viz. BRRI dhan33, BRRI dhan34, BRRI dhan39 and BRRI dhan46, and four levels of nitrogen viz. control (no urea), prilled urea (50 kg N ha-1), one pellet (0.9g) of USG/4 hills of two adjacent rows (30 kg N ha-1) was applied at 10 days after transplanting (DAT) and two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results of the experiment showed that variety and levels of nitrogen had significant effect on plant height, number of tillers hill-1 and leaf area index (LAI) of HYV transplant Aman rice. At 15 and 75 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan34 whereas at 30, 45 and 60 DAT the tallest plant was found in BRRI dhan39.  BRRI dhan34 produced higher number of tillers hill-1 at 75 DAT which was as good as BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan46 while BRRI dhan39 produced higher LAI in compare to other varieties at all sampling dates. Two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and the another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1) can produced tallest plant, higher number tillers hill-1 and higher LAI at all dates of sampling. Among the interaction BRRI dhan34 fertilized with two pellets of USG (0.9g each) one applied at 10 DAT and another at 45 DAT/4 hills of two adjacent rows (60 kg N ha-1) appears as the promising combination in respect of growth performance of HYV transplant Aman rice.Progressive Agriculture 27 (1): 32-38, 2016

scholarly journals IS THE FASHION STORE, PT MATAHARI DEPARTMENT STORE TBK STILL PROFITABLE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL INNOVATION? For the Period of 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Wiwiek Mardawiyah Daryanto ◽  
Fransiscus X John Brazer ◽  
Jodipati Alif
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Department Store ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Retail industry in Indonesia has grown rapidly alongside with the current growing of technology. By the ever-growing technology development, the behaviors of Indonesian people are also slightly changes to become more efficient and simple way of buying things. The study sought to observe the performance of PT Matahari Department Store Tbk (MDS) before and after the digital innovation that took place in the early 2010s. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the advent of E-commerce has affected PT MDS’s performance. Financial ratio such as profitability and overall measures were used to analyze PT MDS’s financial performance. Period taken in this study were in before (2008-2010) and after the appearance of E-Commerce in retail  industry (2011-2017). This study found that in 2008-2010 (E-commerce first pilot project) the profitability performance of PT MDS was not in good condition. However, in 2011 or E-Commerce Emergence & Transition, PT MDS began to improve its financial performance by successfully recording positive trends in all financial ratios except ROE. This has occurred due to the impact of reverse stock and corporate restructuring in 2009. Additionally, an increase in the shareholding of public ownership was also taken in action in 2013 to drive up the price of company’s shares and boost the company's ratio. Thus, it can be sum up that PT MDS’s financial performance was not affected by the presence of E-commerce, instead it influenced by company’s actions. However, with an objective to adapt in this era, PT MDS has launched Matahari.com for targeting other segments and other strategies to keep up the improvements.

Weathering losses of forage species on the fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
J. King ◽  
J. F. Dormaar
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Rough Fescue ◽  
Standing Litter

Rough fescue grasslands are readily damaged by heavy grazing pressure in the summer but tolerate grazing in winter. The grasslands have physical and nutritive properties that make them suitable for winter grazing by cattle thereby reducing the cost of winter feeding while preserving the integrity of the grasslands. However, their forage value declines during winter through the degradation of biomass yield and quality. This study took place at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Range Research Substation located on the Porcupine Hills in southwest Alberta. The objectives of this study were to determine the dynamics of litter biomass for important forage species over winter, to examine the role of leaf position in the plant on biomass loss from leaves, and to determine the associated changes in crude protein, phosphorus, and acid detergent fibre of the leaves, and carbon and nitrogen. Leaves of Parry oat grass (Danthonia parryi Scribn.), Idaho fescue (F. idahoensis Elmer), and rough fescue (F. campestris Rydb.) were sampled at monthly intervals from August to March over 3 yr to determine weight and chemical composition. Decomposition of these species, together with smooth aster (Aster laevis L.), was also tested for decomposition in the litter mass using nylon bags. Degradation of standing litter was most rapid in late summer and tended to decline toward stability by December. Biomass losses in leaves from August to March were similar (P > 0.05) among grass species. Over-winter losses in the litter mass tended to be greatest for smooth aster. Changes in the mineral and fibre concentrations of the herbage were typical of the trends expected for the period, that included late senescence and weathering, and followed closely the losses of biomass for the period. Forage decomposition is an important ecological process in mineral cycling and affects the quantity and quality of forage available for delayed grazing. Key words: Standing litter, buried litter, biomass, forage quality, winter, Parry oat grass, Idaho fescue, rough fescue, smooth aster

scholarly journals The Impact of Genotype and Age on Energy and Protein Utilization in Individually Housed Brown Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Frederik J. Kleyn ◽  
Peter Vincent Chrystal ◽  
Mariana Ciacciariello
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Feeding Programs ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Impact

Responses to dietary energy and protein levels were compared between two egg-laying genotypes. Individually housed hens of a historic strain (HS) and a modern strain (MS) were compared. In Experiment 1 (Exp.1), four levels of true metabolizable energy, corrected for zero nitrogen retention (TMEn) and four levels of total lysine, were offered from 30 to 40 weeks of age. In Experiment 2 (Exp.2), three levels of apparent metabolizable energy, corrected for zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) and four levels of standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys), were fed from 20 to 30 weeks of age. A randomized factorial block design (4 × 4 Exp.1 and 3 × 4 Exp.2) was applied. Energy utilization for egg output (EO) did not differ (NS), and both strains maintained a constant kJ intake (NS). The efficiency of SID Lys utilization for EO differed, with the MS being the more efficient (p < 0.034). A single model could be used to predict feed intake, using BW, EO, AMEn and SID Lys (r = 0.716). In conclusion, it is unlikely that the requirements of modern layer strains have increased. However, feeding programs should be adjusted for economic reasons and are dependent upon achievable feed intake under particular circumstances.

scholarly journals Impact of flucetosulfuron on weed seed bank in wet seeded rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
Arya S R ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of flucetosulfuron, a new generation sulfonylurea herbicide, on weed seed bank dynamics of wet land paddy field. Field experiments were carried out during two consecutive seasons (Kharif 2016 and Rabi 2016-’17), to assess the bio-efficacy of flucetosulfuron in wet seeded rice which was accompanied by weed seed bank assay. Weed seed bank assay of the soil was carried out before and after the field experiments in both the seasons by the seedling emergence method. The experiment on weed seed bank was laid out in Completely Randomised Block Design (CRD) with 12 treatments replicated thrice. Flucetosulfuron @ 20, 25, and 30 g ha-1applied at 2-3, 10-12, and 18-20 days after sowing (DAS) along with two control treatments viz., hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control comprised the treatments. The emerging weeds were uprooted at 14 days interval up to a period of two months; categorized as grasses, broad leaved weeds, and sedges and counted. Results revealed that non-herbicidal plots recorded significantly higher count of total emerged weeds compared to herbicide applied plots. In all the herbicide applied plots, effective reduction in weed seed bank could be obtained irrespective of the dose of the herbicide. Regarding the time of application, flucetosulfuron applied at 10-12 and 18-20 DAS recorded significantly lower weed seed bank during both the seasons, compared to its application at 2-3 DAS.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document