The effects of bull exposure and lasalocid on the development of replacement beef heifers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Small ◽  
R. P. Del Vecchio ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
D. R. Ward ◽  
W. P. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Housing Facility

At weaning in the fall, crossbred heifers (n = 224), born in either the winter (January–February) or spring (March–April), were assigned on the basis of age, sire-breed and body weight to one of two similar winter housing facilities (with or without sterilized bulls), and to one of two forage-based (87%) diets (with or without lasalocid, 200 mg d−1) within each housing facility. Observations for estrus were made twice daily. Timed AI (66 h after PGF2α) was used to breed heifers for the first time at 14 mo of age. Plasma progesterone concentrations were used to confirm estrus/ovulation and to determine the PGF2α response rate. Bull exposure advanced puberty in winter-born heifers, but delayed puberty in spring-born heifers (P ≤ 0.029). Similarly, timed AI pregnancy for winter-born heifers was higher with than without bull exposure (58.9 vs. 32.5 ± 5.3%; P = 0.017) while the opposite occurred for the spring-born group (27.1 vs. 59.1 ± 4.7%; P < 0.001). Bull-exposed spring-born heifers were the oldest at calving, the latest to calve, and their calves had the slowest growth and lowest weaning weight means (P < 0.027). Lasalocid did not influence puberty (P ≥ 0.273), had a small effect on body weight gain (P ≥ 0.033) that did not limit attainment of optimal body weight or condition at AI, but enhanced response rate for spring-born heifers (P = 0.075) and conception rate for winter-born heifers (P = 0.047). The efficacy of bull exposure and lasalocid is dependent upon the proximity of heifers to the attainment of puberty when the treatments are introduced; further research is required to determine the most appropriate use of either management tool for developing beef replacement heifers. Key words: Puberty, heifer development, bull exposure, ionophore, estrus, conception

Photoperiod effects on the development of beef heifers

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Small ◽  
N. D. Glover ◽  
A. D. Kennedy ◽  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
D. R. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Sire Breed

Crossbred beef heifers (n = 144) were assigned at weaning (187 ± 14 d of age) by body weight (225 ± 23 kg) and sire breed (British/Continental) to one of two photoperiod treatments from 21 Decem ber 1998 (0 wk) until 10 May 1999 (20 wk): natural photoperiod (NP) that gradually increased from 8.1 h (0 wk) to 15.2 h (20 wk) and, extended photoperiod (EP) that consisted of natural + supplemental light (400 lx, 1 m above ground) to extend photoperiod to 16 h. Rations were formulated for two-steps of body weight gain (0.6 and 1.2 kg d-1) to achieve 60% of mature weight at 18 wk. Visual observations of estrus behavior were made twice daily and confirmed by serum progesterone. Body weight, backfat and serum prolactin data were determined for each 4-wk period. Ambient temperatures averaged -12.2 ± 6°C in winter (0 to 12 wk) and 4.2 ± 5°C in spring (12 to 20 wk). Gain in body weight was greater (P < 0.05) and backfat lower (P < 0.05) for EP than NP treatments from -2 to 6 wk and only 1% of heifers had attained puberty during this period. However, as yearlings at similar (P > 0.05) body weight and backfat, more (P < 0.05) EP than NP heifers had attained puberty (84.7% vs. 69.4%). Prolactin was greater (P < 0.05) for EP than NP treatments from 2 to 6 wk (10.3 vs 5.5 ± 1.2 ng mL-1). Management of photoperiod influences attainment of puberty and prolactin secretion in beef heifers housed in an outdoor environment. Key words: Photoperiod, puberty, estrus, beef heifers, prolactin

scholarly journals Administration of Glucose at Litter Equalization as a Strategy to Increase Energy in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Joanna Klaaborg ◽  
Charlotte Amdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
First Time

Hyper-prolific sows give birth to large litters and up to 25% of piglets born have been subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of this study was to test whether an oral administration of glucose impacts the survival rate and body weight gain of IUGR piglets at weaning. Different methods (injection versus oral administration of glucose 6 mL or 12 mL, respectively) were tested on IUGR piglets at litter equalization (i.e., when piglets are handled the first time at 5–20 h after birth). Injecting glucose generated the highest whole-blood glucose level + 3 h after treatment, however, after this no differences were observed. Of the 237 IUGR piglets studied, 98 piglets died or were removed from the nurse sow (41%). Rectal temperature at litter equalization (0 h) was related to the survival of the piglets with an average temperature of 37.1 ± 0.1 °C in surviving piglets and 36.6 ± 0.1 °C in piglets that died. In conclusion, providing these extra management actions at litter equalization is too late to help piglets that have a low rectal temperature and are low on energy. More research investigating different management methods to deal with IUGR piglets are needed as many of these underdeveloped piglets will not survive.

scholarly journals Performance and feed intake of beef heifers on rotational grazing of natural grassland receiving protein and energy supplement in cool season

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Castro Kuinchtner ◽  
Fernando Luiz Ferreira de Quadros ◽  
Felipe Jochims ◽  
Pedro Trindade Casanova ◽  
Gabriela Machado Dutra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Natural Grasslands

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and feed intake of grazing beef heifers on two grazing intervals determined by thermal sum related to leaf elongation duration during cool season on natural grasslands. A complete randomized block design experiment with two treatments and three replications was conducted from May to September 2011 in the central part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The treatments were two thermal sums calculated at 375 and 750 degrees-days (DD) to determine the intervals between grazing periods in a rotational grazing system. Thirty six beef heifers with average age of 18 months old and (initial body weight = 220±14kg) were used, all heifers received ground corn supplement at a rate of 5g kg-1 of body weight per day, at 2p.m., throughout the experiment and had free access to mineral and protein supplementation (450g kg-1 of CP). Similar average daily gain (ADG), beef production gain (BPG) and feed intake (FI), were obtained in both treatments. Leaf elongation duration is an alternative grazing management tool for improved animal production and to increase animal stocking rate.

Interaction of dietary energy source and body weight gain during the juvenile period on metabolic endocrine status and age at puberty in beef heifers

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 2080
Author(s):  
C. C. Allen ◽  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
D. H. Keisler ◽  
R. C. Cardoso ◽  
B. R. C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Age At Puberty

Effect of prepubertal body weight gain and breed on carcass composition at puberty in beef heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1104-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Hopper ◽  
S. E. Williams ◽  
D. J. Byerley ◽  
M. M. Rollosson ◽  
P. O. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Beef Heifers

scholarly journals Acute and chronic leptin reduces food intake and body weight in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
N de Pedro ◽  
R Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
M J Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Food Efficiency Ratio ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of leptin in food intake and body weight regulation in goldfish. We examined the effects of i.c.v. or i.p. acute leptin administration on food intake in food-deprived goldfish at different time intervals post-injection (0–2, 2–8 and 0–8 h). Food intake was reduced by i.p. administered leptin (1 μg) at 8 h post-injection, without statistically significant differences after i.c.v. treatment. The present study shows for the first time in a teleost that chronic (10 days) leptin treatment (i.p.) reduces food intake, body weight gain, specific growth rate and food efficiency ratio. Moreover, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism seems to be regulated by leptin in fish. Chronic leptin treatment increased lipid mobilization and carbohydrate storage as hepatic and muscle glycogen. Finally, leptin could mediate its actions on energy homeostasis in fish, at least in part, through interactions with hypothalamic catecholamines, since chronic leptin treatment reduced both hypothalamic noradrenergic and dopaminergic turnover without significant modifications in hypothalamic serotoninergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY) systems. In summary, our results suggest that leptin can regulate feeding behaviour and body weight homeostasis in fish.

scholarly journals Progesterone concentration in the marsupial Sminthopsis macroura: relationship with the conceptus, uterine glandular regeneration and body weight

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Menkhorst ◽  
L A Hinds ◽  
L Selwood
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Cell Arrest ◽  
First Time

Close examination of hormonal profiles and uterine morphology in the marsupial reproductive cycle highlights significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant cycles. In the polyovular dasyurid marsupial Sminthopsis macroura, we identified changes associated with gestation by comparing ovarian and plasma progesterone concentrations, uterine weights, uterine epithelial mitoses, body weights and gestation lengths between pregnant and non-pregnant luteal phases. The plasma progesterone profile of S. macroura was biphasic, peaking during unilaminar blastocyst expansion and on the day of implantation. Periods of rapid embryonic development were associated with increasing plasma progesterone concentrations and animal body weight. For the first time in a polyovular marsupial, we identified 1) a correlation between ovarian progesterone concentration and conceptus number during the luteal phase just prior to implantation (total ovarian progesterone), indicating a conceptus influence on progesterone concentration; 2) a pulse of uterine epithelial mitotic activity at the time of implantation and 3) increased mitotic activity in pregnant animals during unilaminar blastocyst formation compared with non-pregnant animals. Gestation length was reduced by up to 15%, due to the loss of, or reduction in, the four-cell arrest and more rapid definitive blastocyst expansion. This is the first time a conceptus influence on gestation length has been identified in a dasyurid. This study provides further evidence for the modification of the luteal phase by pregnancy in S. macroura.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document