ENERGY UTILIZATION IN THE CHICK IN RELATION TO CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. LEI ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
High Energy Regime ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

Reductions in weight gain, feed consumption and feed efficiency resulted under the stress of water restriction or high population density. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of the feed was unaffected by the severity of the stresses. Elevated and depressed environmental temperatures resulted in reductions in weight gain and feed efficiency, but there were no alterations in the ME content of the feeds. Water restriction decreased the sucrase activity, but not the maltase activity in the intestinal mucosa. Overcrowding had no effect on the level of these mucosal enzymes. At adverse temperatures mucosal sucrase and maltase activities were significantly higher for birds on a low energy than for those on a high energy diet. On the low energy, but not the high energy regime, the sucrase and maltase activities were increased at the elevated and depressed environmental temperatures.

Effects of different protein and energy levels on the performance of growing and finishing turkeys in the tropics

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632
Author(s):  
J. M. Olomu ◽  
S. A. Offiong ◽  
S. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
The Tropics

SUMMARYThree experiments were conducted to assess the effects of different protein and energy levels on turkeys during the periods 12–16 weeks, 16–20 weeks and 20–24 weeks. Compared with 20 and 22% protein, 18% significantly depressed weight gain and feed efficiency during the 12–16 weeks period, while 14 and 16% protein, compared with 18%, significantly depressed weight gain and feed efficiency during the 16–20 weeks period but gave similar weight gain and feed efficiency as the 18% protein during the 20–24 weeks period.During all periods between 12 and 24 weeks, the two energy levels tested (11·72 and 12·56 MJ/kg) did not significantly affect weight gain and feed efficiency whereas feed consumption was significantly higher on the lower energy level.The present studies suggest that 20, 18 and 16% protein, all with metabolizable energy of 11·72 MJ/kg, may be recommended for turkeys aged 12–16 weeks, 16–20 weeks and 20–24 weeks respectively.

scholarly journals The Value of Dried Fish Silage for Pullet and The layer Hen

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
A. D. Ologhobo ◽  
A. M. Balogun
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted with golden Hubbard pullet chicks to investigate the replacement effects of locally prepared fish silage for imported fish meal in pullet and layers' rations. Acidic and neutral fish silage preparations concentrated with either maize or cassava plus groundnut meal and wheat offals, were fed as a substitute for fish meal. Results with pullets showed good feed consumption for all dietary treatments but feed efficiency was decreased (P<0.05) for neutral cassava, acidic maize and acidic cassava fish silage treatments. Pullet mortality was between 0.18 and 4.17%, being significantly (P<0.05) highest in the acidic fish silage diets. Lipid retention, metabolizable energy (ME) and efficiency of energy utilization (ME%) were similar across all treatments except for neutral maize fish silage, in which ME was slightly high and lipid retention low. Egg production and egg size significantly (P<0.05) decreased among groups of birds fed acidic maize acidic cassava and neutral cassava fish silage diets. Similarly, the efficiency of feed conversion to eggs decreased (P<0.05) in all fish silage substituted diets.

scholarly journals Blend of Essential Oils Supplemented Alone or Combined with Exogenous Amylase Compared with Virginiamycin Supplementation on Finishing Lambs: Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Digestion

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Alfredo Estrada-Angulo ◽  
Yesica J. Arteaga-Wences ◽  
Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez ◽  
Jesús D. Urías-Estrada ◽  
Soila Gaxiola-Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Two experiments were conducted to compare a supplemental blend of essential oils alone (EO) or combined with enzymes (EO + ENZ) versus virginiamycin (VM), on characteristics of growth performance (Exp. 1) and digestion (Exp. 2) in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed a high-energy finishing diet supplemented with: (1) no supplement (control); (2) 150 mg supplemental EO; (3) 150 mg supplemental EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase (EO + ENZ); and 4) 25 mg VM. Compared with the control, growth performance response to EO and VM were similar, enhancing (5.7%, p < 0.05) feed efficiency and observed dietary net energy. Compared with control, supplementation with EO + ENZ tended (p = 0.09) to increase dry matter intake (6.8%), improving (p < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency (10.4 and 4.4%, respectively). Dietary energy utilization was greater (2.7%, p < 0.05) for EO and VM than EO + ENZ. Treatment effects on the carcass and visceral mass were small, but additive supplementation decreased (p ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of the intestines. There were no treatment effects on measures of digestion nor digestible energy of the diet. Supplemental EO may be an effective alternative to VM in high-energy finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combination EO + ENZ may further enhance dry matter intake, promoting increased weight gain.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

The efficiency of food utilization for egg production by pullets and yearling hens

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Low Energy Diet

1. The efficiency of food conversion by pullets and yearlings fed on high- and low-energy diets has been determined.2. Egg production was slightly higher by birds fed the low-energy diet for both pullets and yearling hens; pullets laid more eggs than yearling hens.3. For each age, the gross food intake was greater for birds fed the low-energy diet; the consumptions of digestible protein, non-protein digestible energy and metabolizable energy were the same for both diets and both ages of bird.4. The food cost per dozen eggs was slightly greater in the yearling year when the cost of rearing the pullets was ignored, and about the same when it was included.5. The efficiency of utilization of digestible energy and protein showed only a slight decrease from the pullet to the yearling year.6. The variation in the composition and digestibility of eighteen consecutive mixes of the highenergy diet and twenty-five of the low-energy diet was: crude protein 2%, non-protein digestible energy 5% and metabolizable energy 0·4 kg. cal./g. The digestibility of the crude protein and oil was 87%, for both diets; carbohydrates were 81% digestible in the high-energy diet and 59% in the low-energy diet.

INFLUENCE OF STRAIN AND SEX ON THE RELATIONSHIP OF PROTEIN TO ENERGY IN THE RATIONS OF GROWING AND FINISHING BACON PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Strain Interaction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rations varying in energy (65 to 79 per cent TDN or 69 to 88 per cent apparent digestible energy) and protein (13 to 21 per cent) were studied in two experiments with 120 pigs of four strains. Rate of liveweight gain tended to be fastest in pigs fed high energy-high protein rations throughout. Males gained more rapidly than females, with strain differences being evident. Strain × sex interactions in rate of gain were present in both the growing and finishing period, with a ration × strain interaction present in the growing period. There was an indication that in the growing period pigs on high energy, particularly high energy-high protein rations ate more than pigs fed low energy rations. In the finishing period low energy rations were consumed at a higher rate than high energy rations with protein level having no influence on feed intake. In the growing period to 110 pounds, high protein rations resulted in improved feed efficiency as compared to medium protein rations, while in the finishing period to market weight high energy rations were more efficient than low energy rations. There was evidence that high protein alone or in combination with high energy rations also improved efficiency of feed utilization in the finishing period. Female pigs required less feed per pound gain than male pigs in the finishing period. High energy rations resulted in increased dressing percentage and generally inferior carcasses. There was an indication that high protein rations resulted in leaner carcasses. Carcass length was not influenced by ration. Carcasses from female pigs excelled those from male pigs in all factors measured except carcass length. Strain differences in carcass characteristics existed but no appreciable strain × ration interactions were noted.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mondal ◽  
T Yeasmin ◽  
R Karim ◽  
M Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
SM Raihanun Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
June July

The present study was aimed to investigate the dietary effect of different levels of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance of broiler during summer (June-July), 2013. Four experimental rations designated as T0, T1, T2 and T3 having 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% Turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder were fed to 120 broiler chicks (Ross 308), randomly distributed into 12 replicates, so as to have 3 replicates per treatment and 10 chicks per replicate. Average weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing yield and survivability were used as criteria of response to feeding turmeric powder. Organs weight including heart, liver and gizzard were also recorded. The mean body weight gain and average feed efficiency (feed gain-1) per broiler significantly increased (P<0.01) by turmeric supplemented feed compared to control feed. The average feed consumption and survivability of broiler chick non- significantly (P>0.05) improved due to by turmeric supplementation in the diets. Inclusion of turmeric powder caused slightly increased the carcass traits of broiler chicks i.e., average weight of liver, heart and gizzard but the differences were non-significant (P>0.05). A significant decrease (P<0.01) in abdominal fat pad and significant increase (P<0.05) in dressing yield was observed in chickens fed the turmeric supplemented diets. The results of the present study suggest that the use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder as feed additive at a level of 0.5% enhances the growth performances and carcass yield of broiler chicks.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 188-199 (2015)

A preliminary examination of potential interactions between deoxynivalenol (DON) and other selected Fusarium metabolites in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Rotter ◽  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
D. B. Prelusky ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Potential Interactions

The performance of growing pigs fed 2 mg kg−1 of one of several Fusarium graminearum metabolites (sambucinol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, dihydroxycalonectrin) with and without 6 mg kg−1 deoxynivalenol (DON) was examined in three preliminary studies. The only significant effects (P < 0.05) were seen in feed consumption, weight gain and feed efficiency due to the presence of DON in the diet. In addition, the appearance and degree of folding of the esophageal portion of the stomach were also different between pigs fed the DON-free and DON-contaminated diets, though the degree of significance varied between trials. Some small differences were seen in growth and feed consumption for certain metabolites, notably sambucinol and culmorin, with and without DON, but they were not significant (P > 0.05). The data indicate that, at the dietary concentrations used, the fungal metabolites tested in combination with DON do not interact with DON in growing pigs to any marked degree. Key words: Deoxynivalenol, DON, pigs, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, sambucinol, dihydroxycalonectrin

scholarly journals Methods for Improvement of the Thermal Efficiency during Spray Drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Cheng ◽  
Xueyong Zhou ◽  
Yanmei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Spray drying is a kind of unit operation with high energy consumption and relatively low energy utilization, and the problem of low thermal efficiency has been attracted the attention by scholars at home and abroad. The factors affecting the thermal efficiency of spray dryer are analyzed. From a technical point of view, the thermal efficiency of spray dryer can be increased through the unit operation. Measurements for the reduction of energy saving of spray dryer were put forward.

Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage offered to young steers: Effects on growth, body composition and nutrient efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SANDERSON ◽  
M. S. DHANOA ◽  
C. THOMAS ◽  
A. B. McALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

Growth and efficiencies of nitrogen and energy utilization for growth by 72 young British Friesian steers (initial live weight (LW) 110 kg) offered a well preserved, formic acid-treated, perennial ryegrass silage with and without supplements of fish meal were examined. Silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50, 100 or 150 g fish meal/kg silage dry matter (DM) and each diet was offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM/kg LW/day. Treatments were imposed over a period of 132 days. Body component weight gains were determined by comparative slaughter.Increasing the level of either feeding or fish meal increased rates of empty body weight gain linearly (P<0·001) and curvilinearly (P<0·05) respectively. Fish-meal supplementation increased rates of ash and crude protein gain (P<0·001) but, in comparison with the curvilinear response to increasing level of feeding (P<0·001), had small linear effects on fat gain (P>0·01). Consequently, in terms of whole body composition, animals given fish meal were leaner than animals offered silage alone. Fish-meal supplementation had no significant effect on the composition of the carcass but increased the concentration of protein in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.The increase in nitrogen intake associated with feeding fish meal resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization as level of fish meal increased. Nitrogen intake required for maintenance was estimated to be 1·054 g/kg LW0·75. In spite of marked differences in the composition of the empty body-weight gain, there was no evidence to support an effect of fish meal on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for growth (kf) which was estimated to be 0·346 on the basis of data scaled by LW0·75. ME intake required for maintenance (MEm) was estimated to be 0·536 and 0·502 MJ/kg LW0·75 for silage alone and the 150 g fish-meal level respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document