POST-SURGICAL CHANGES IN BLOOD PARAMETERS OF THE OVINE FETUS IN UTERO

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. KITTS ◽  
C. R. KRISHNAMURTI ◽  
W. D. KITTS
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Intrauterine Surgery ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Daily Changes

A surgical procedure for the catheterization of the external saphenous vein of the 100-to 120-day-old ovine fetus in utero has been described. Daily changes in blood acid-base parameters and plasma metabolite and cortisol concentrations were measured in vivo to determine the physiological state of the ovine fetus following intrauterine surgery. Though blood gas values returned to stable values the day following surgery, plasma glucose, lactate and alpha amino nitrogen and betahydroxybutyrate levels took 5 days to do so. It is concluded that a minimum of 5 days should elapse following surgery before metabolic experiments are undertaken.

Vitamin D Provision in High-Yield Dairy Cows During the Winter Housing Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
L. Yuskiv ◽  
V. Vlizlo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Level ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Vitamin D 3

Aim. To investigate the vitamin D status in highly productive cows during winter housing period and effect of cholecalciferol by various ways of vitamin D 3 injection to cows in last days of gestation and after calving. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunoassay, spectrophotometry. Results. It has been stated that intramuscular injection of cholecalciferol into cows caused increase of the vitamin D 3 active metabolite – 25-OHD 3 , calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels together with decrease of alkaline phosphatase level in pre- and post-natal periods. Oral supplementation makes little infl uence on the studied blood parameters of cows. Conclusions. Extrabuccal administration and oral supplementation of cholecalciferol in winter housing period to high-yield cows in the last days of gestation and after calving is accompanied by increased levels of its metabolites and their effect on mineral metabolism in the postnatal period. The nature of these changes depends on the mode of vitamin D administration and the physiological state of the cows.

scholarly journals CD34+ human marrow cells that express low levels of Kit protein are enriched for long-term marrow-engrafting cells

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 4136-4142 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kawashima ◽  
ED Zanjani ◽  
G Almaida-Porada ◽  
AW Flake ◽  
H Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Marrow Cells

Using in utero transplantation into fetal sheep, we examined the capability of human bone marrow CD34+ cells fractionated based on Kit protein expression to provide long-term in vivo engraftment. Twelve hundred to 5,000 CD34+ Kit-, CD34+ Kit(low), and CD34+ Kit(high) cells were injected into a total of 14 preimmune fetal sheep recipients using the amniotic bubble technique. Six fetuses were killed in utero 1.5 months after bone marrow cell transplantation. Two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells showed signs of engraftment according to analysis of CD45+ cells in their bone marrow cells and karyotype studies of the colonies grown in methylcellulose culture. In contrast, two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit(high) cells and two fetuses receiving CD34+ Kit- cells failed to show evidence of significant engraftment. Two fetuses were absorbed. A total of six fetuses receiving different cell populations were allowed to proceed to term, and the newborn sheep were serially examined for the presence of chimerism. Again, only the two sheep receiving CD34+ Kit(low) cells exhibited signs of engraftment upon serial examination. Earlier in studies of murine hematopoiesis, we have shown stage-specific changes in Kit expression by the progenitors. The studies of human cells reported here are in agreement with observations in mice, and indicate that human hematopoietic stem cells are enriched in the Kit(low) population.

scholarly journals Sesquiterpene Lactones: Promising Natural Compounds to Fight Inflammation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Melanie S. Matos ◽  
José D. Anastácio ◽  
Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inflammatory Pathways ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Inflammation is a crucial and complex process that reestablishes the physiological state after a noxious stimulus. In pathological conditions the inflammatory state may persist, leading to chronic inflammation and causing tissue damage. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are composed of a large and diverse group of highly bioactive plant secondary metabolites, characterized by a 15-carbon backbone structure. In recent years, the interest in SLs has risen due to their vast array of biological activities beneficial for human health. The anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds results from their ability to target and inhibit various key pro-inflammatory molecules enrolled in diverse inflammatory pathways, and prevent or reduce the inflammatory damage on tissues. Research on the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SLs has thrived over the last years, and numerous compounds from diverse plants have been studied, using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays. Besides their anti-inflammatory potential, their cytotoxicity, structure–activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics have been investigated. This review aims to gather the most relevant results and insights concerning the anti-inflammatory potential of SL-rich extracts and pure SLs, focusing on their effects in different inflammatory pathways and on different molecular players.

Digestibility, nitrogen retention and plasma metabolite concentrations in steers offered whole crop wheat silage-based rations

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
A.P. Moloney ◽  
P. O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Moisture Concentration ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Plasma Metabolite ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

The yield of dry matter (DM) in a mature wheat crop can equal that obtained from three cuts of grass. Ensiled mature whole crop wheat is however characterised by a lower digestibility and lower crude protein concentration than good quality grass silage. Addition of urea at ensiling has been shown to increase the digestibility and the non-protein nitrogen concentration of whole crop wheat silage. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the effect of urea-treatment on the in vivo digestibility of wheat of relatively high moisture concentration and (ii) the effects of the provision of a rapidly fermentable carbohydrate supplement on nitrogen metabolism in steers fed these silages.

scholarly journals Landscape-Scale Physiology: Site Differences in Refueling Rates Indicated by Plasma Metabolite Analysis in Free-Living Migratory Sandpipers

The Auk ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Acevedo Seaman ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Robert W. Elner ◽  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Georgia Basin ◽  
Plasma Metabolite

Abstract Variation in plasma metabolite profiles can provide information on physiological state and relative rates of mass change in free-living birds caught only once, and this technique could be used to compare rates of mass change (fattening) among populations or sites in relation to habitat quality. We compared plasma metabolite levels, as an index of relative refueling rates, in migratory Arctic-nesting Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri), on a landscape scale at as many as nine sites over two years and during three different migratory stages within the Georgia Basin-Puget Sound region of British Columbia and Washington. There was significant intersite variation in plasma triglyceride levels in both years, but only for the northward migration. By contrast, there was little evidence of intrasite variability (i.e. metabolite profiles of birds using the same site were consistent between years and migratory stages), though we documented intrasite variation resulting from birds' use of different microhabitats at the same site. Plasma glycerol levels did not vary systematically among sites, though they varied among years; on average, birds had higher glycerol levels during northward migration than during southward migration. For the northward migration only, there was a positive relationship between plasma triglyceride levels and total macrofaunal prey abundance among sites. Birds using smaller sites with a lower index of mudflat exposure (mean number of kilometer-hours of mudflat exposed in a 24-h period, reflecting the opportunity to forage at each site) tended to have lower triglyceride levels. Fisiología a Escala de Paisaje: Diferencias entre Sitios en las Tasas de Reabastecimiento Indicadas por Análisis de Metabolitos del Plasma en Chorlos Migratorios Silvestres

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL STATE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF ANIMALS UNDER THERMAL STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
E.A. Azhmuldinov ◽  
◽  
Yu.N. Chernyshenko ◽  
M.G. Titov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Negative Effect

A study was conducted of the effect of heat stress on the clinical and physiological state of male rabbits at the age of 5 months with an average live weight of 1551 g. The maximum temperature the animals were exposed to during the experiment was +42 °C. The study results showed a decrease in feed intake and an increase in water consumption, which contributed to a decrease in live weight. Hematological parameters, including hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, total plasma protein, globulins and cholesterol increased during the action of this stress factor. It was found that the effect of high ambient temperatures on rabbits negatively affected their physiological functions; the negative effect was reflected by the morphological and biochemical blood parameters.

scholarly journals Enzymes and Substrates Are Balanced at Minimal Combined Mass Concentration in vivo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Dourado ◽  
Veronica G. Maurino ◽  
Martin J. Lercher
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Enzyme Molecules

AbstractA fundamental problem in biology is how cells organize their resource investment. Cellular metabolism, for example, typically involves hundreds of enzymes and metabolites, but it is unclear according to which principles their concentrations are set. Reasoning that natural selection will drive cells towards achieving a given physiological state at minimal cost, we derive a general equation that predicts the concentration of a metabolite from the concentration of the most abundant and costly enzyme consuming it. Simulations of cellular growth as well as experimental data demonstrate that costs are approximately proportional to molecular masses. For effectively irreversible reactions, the cell maximizes its metabolic efficiency by investing equally into substrate and unbound enzyme molecules. Without fitting any free parameters, the resulting model predicts in vivo substrate concentrations from enzyme concentrations and substrate affinities with high accuracy across data from E. coli and diverse eukaryotes (R2=0.79, geometric mean fold-error 1.74). The corresponding organizing principle – the minimization of the summed mass concentrations of solutes – may facilitate reducing the complexity of kinetic models and will contribute to the design of more efficient synthetic cellular systems.

Influence of feed additive Vitartil on the productive traits and biochemical parameters of steers’ blood

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
S. S. Mirgalimova ◽  
A. O. Trufanova ◽  
R. R. Fatkullin
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Experimental Group

The physiological state of animals is to a certain extent characterized by hematological indicators, since blood occupies a special place in the body. By transferring nutrients and biologically active substances, the blood performs the general regulation of vital functions of the body. The use of Vitartil as a feed additive in the diets of animals leads to an increase in glycolytic processes and a decrease in the body’s need for oxygen delivery, which contributes to the growth of the animal body. The purpose of the research was to study the changes in blood parameters taking into account the age of Hereford steers against the background of the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet and its effect on the productive traits of animals. In order to carry out the experiment two groups of steers-analogs of Hereford breed have been formed at the age of 6 months per 10 heads in each. The difference between the groups was that the steers of the experimental group have been received the feed additive Vitartil in addition to the main diet. The greater yield of the meat part was in the steers of the experimental group in comparison with the herdmates of the control group. This indicator in the experimental group was 78,9 %, while in the control group it was lower by 1,6 %. The animals of the experimental group were superior to their herdmates in terms of meat weight by 1,4 kg or by 8,8 %. The relative number of bones was lower in the experimental group and amounted to 18,4 %, and in the control group 19,2 %. The meat content index was high in the steer have been received the biologically active additive Vitartil and was 4,3, and in the control group 4,0. It has been found that the use of Vitartil feed additive to the main diet of Hereford steers increases the blood content of hemoglobin and glucose, which has a certain effect on the morphological and chemical composition of meat, as well as increases its energy value.

scholarly journals A critical role of VLA-4 in erythropoiesis in vivo

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2513-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hamamura ◽  
H Matsuda ◽  
Y Takeuchi ◽  
S Habu ◽  
H Yagita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors

Hematopoiesis requires specific interactions with the microenvironments, and VLA-4 has been implicated in these interactions based on in vitro studies. To study the role of VLA-4 in hematopoiesis in vivo, we performed in utero treatment of mice with an anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody. Although all hematopoietic cells in fetal liver expressed VLA-4, the treatment specifically induced anemia. It had no effect on the development of nonerythroid lineage cells, including lymphoids and myeloids. In the treated liver almost no erythroblast was detected, whereas the erythroid progenitors, which give rise to erythroid colonies in vitro, were present. These results indicate that VLA-4 plays a critical role in erythropoiesis, while it is not critical in lymphopoiesis in vivo.

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