Evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants

Faye, A., Dalpé, Y., Ndung'u-Magiroi, K., Jefwa, J., Ndoye, I., Diouf, M. and Lesueur, D. 2013. Evaluation of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1201–1208. In order to improve the use of commercial inoculants, 12 arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculants were evaluated in a two-step experiment under greenhouse conditions using maize. First, commercial mycorrhizal inoculants were propagated in a trap pot culture experiment under sterilized sand to evaluate their potential for maize (Zea may L.) root colonization as compared with an indigenous soil inoculum and to survey the AMF species present in the products. Three inoculants significantly increased root colonization levels compared with a soil inoculum. Instead of 12 declared AMF species, 13 fungal strains were extracted from the pot culture survey, including five undeclared species, while four declared species did not produce spores. In a second experiment, commercial products were inoculated into soil to assess their impact on maize growth and yield. Six weeks after planting, seven inoculants increased root colonization levels compared with control soil, while only three inoculants increased slightly the shoot biomass of maize plants. These experiments highlight the need to pre-evaluate commercial mycorrhizal inoculants on a selected crop and regional soil before launching large-scale field use.

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Mycorrhizal Inoculation Improves Plant Growth and Yield of Micropropagated Early Globe Artichoke under Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture12010114 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Gaetano Pandino ◽

Sara Lombardo ◽

Lo Monaco Antonino ◽

Claudia Ruta ◽

Giovanni Mauromicale

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Cropping System ◽

Field Performance ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Globe Artichoke ◽

Growing Seasons

The micropropagation appears to be a valid alternative method for the production of large-scale, phenotypically homogeneous, and disease-free plants, particularly for spring globe artichoke genotypes. Nevertheless, micropropagated plants have some problems during the acclimatization in field environments. The inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi appeared to overcome the transplanting stress. Therefore, a comparison was drawn between the field performances of different vegetative propagation techniques (micropropagated/mycorrhized and offshoots cultivation) of early globe artichoke clones over two growing seasons. The micropropagation/mycorrhization appeared to deliver a better field performance in terms of both plant growth and productivity traits as compared with offshoots cultivated. In particular, the micropopagated/mycorrhized plants exhibited the highest vegetative growth values than the offshoots of the cultivated ones, such as the plant height and the main floral stem length. The micropopagated/mycorrhized plants were also more productive, exceeding the head yield of offshoots cultivated ones by about 63%. However, the micropopagated/mycorrhized plants accumulated almost a month late on the first harvest respect to offshoots cultivated ones. Our data also showed that the effects of the new proposed propagation method were genotype- and season-dependent. Accordingly, some plant growth and productivity traits showed significant ‘propagation method × genotype’ and ‘propagation method × growing season’ interaction. This study revealed that the micropropagation, as well as the mycorrhization, could represent an efficient and sustainable cropping system to reintroduce and increase the productivity of autochthons landraces.

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Addition of residues and reintroduction of microorganisms in Jatropha curcas cultivated in degraded soil

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n4p372-377 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 372-377

Author(s):

Adriana A. Santos ◽

José A. Agustini ◽

Katia L. Maltoni ◽

Ana M. R. Cassiolato

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Block Design ◽

Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Hydroelectric Power ◽

Degraded Soil ◽

Soil Inoculum

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate, through mycorrhization (root colonization and number of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - AMF), leaf acid phosphatase and soil chemical characteristics, the effects of the addition of residues (macrophytes and ash), hydrogel and the reintroduction of microorganisms in a degraded area cultivated with jatropha. Degradation occurred when the surface soil was removed during the construction of a hydroelectric power plant. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, using a 2 x 2 x 4 factorial scheme, i.e., two inoculation treatments (with and without soil-inoculum), two hydrogel treatments (with and without) and four with the addition of residues (macrophytes - MAC, ash, MAC + ash and control, without residues) applied in the planting hole, with 4 replicates and 5 plants in each replicate. Soil from preserved Cerrado area was used as a source of microorganisms, including AMF. The conclusion is that, after 12 months of planting, the hydrogel increased root colonization, while the chemical characteristics of the degraded soil responded positively to the addition of MAC and MAC + ash, with increase in pH and SB and reduction of Al and H + Al. The addition of the soil-inoculum, along with MAC and MAC + ash, promoted higher mycorrhizal colonization and number of spores and reduced amounts of leaf acid phosphatase, indicating increased absorption of P by the host.

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Exploring the use of legumes as host plant species in Glomus mosseae sporulation

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-419 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Monther Mohumad Tahat ◽

Kamaruzaman Sijam ◽

Kholoud Alananbeh

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Glomus Mosseae ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Culture Technique ◽

Colonization Rate ◽

Phaseolus Aureus ◽

High Quality

The production of high quality, large scale, pathogen free and homogenous mycorrhizal inoculums are required for research purposes and soil bio-fertility. In the current study, a pot culture technique was followed to produce healthy quality and mass quantity of Glomus mosseae spores for research purposes. Five legumes plants were selected {(pea (Pisum sativum), broad bean, (Vicia faba) black eyed beans (Vigna unguiculata) soybean (Glycine max), and mung beans (Phaseolus aureus)}. The legumes were grown for two months under controlled conditions after pre-inoculated with healthy G. mosseae spores. The highest number of spores was counted in the mung beans rhizosphere and it was the best host in nodules weight production and root colonization rate. Soybeans produced the lowest spore’s number. It was found that the correlation between root colonization rate and spores number in the soil was positive. The rhizobium nodule weight was related positively with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores manipulations in the soil.

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Mycorrhizal inoculation and application of cattle manure in field-grown maize in semiarid conditions

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479718000443 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 866-874

Author(s):

Ingrid A. N. Lino ◽

Danielle K. A. Da Silva ◽

Júlio C. R. Martins ◽

Everardo V. S. B. Sampaio ◽

Leonor C. Maia

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Management Practice ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

North East ◽

Large Scale Field ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of cattle manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in maize plants growing in a semiarid area of Brazilian north-east in 2012 and 2013. Three isolates of AMF (Acaulosporalongula URM-FMA 07 and URM-FMA 03, Claroideoglomusetunicatum UNIVASF 06A) were used, with or without the application of cattle manure, during two growing cycles. In the first year, significant effects of inoculation were detected for straw yield only when the manure was applied. In the second year, there was an interaction between fertilisation and inoculation for plant height and grain yield, with the highest values in the fertilised treatments. Inoculation with A. longula demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation in field-grown plants could be an alternative management for improving plant growth and grain yield, reducing the use of cattle manure. The AMF sporulation and mycorrhizal colonisation were improved after inoculation, and A. longula URM-FMA 07 increased sporulation by more than 15 times while inoculation with C. etunicatum increased sporulation by more than 3 times. The mycorrhizal inoculation is a management practice that can be useful for recovering or maintaining AMF infective propagules in soil, showing potential to be used in large-scale field conditions in Brazilian semiarid. Although mycorrhisation presents high agricultural relevance due to benefits promoted to the soil and plants, the knowledge about the factors influencing the interactions among microorganisms, soil and plants need to be broadened aiming to achieve successful crop management in semiarid regions.

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Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02949-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Sheteiwy ◽

Dina Fathi Ismail Ali ◽

You-Cai Xiong ◽

Marian Brestic ◽

Milan Skalicky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Relative Expression ◽

Reverse Trend ◽

Soybean Plants

Abstract Background The present study aims to study the effects of biofertilizers potential of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) strains on yield and growth of drought stressed soybean (Giza 111) plants at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3) and seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R5). Results Highest plant biomass, leaf chlorophyll content, nodulation, and grain yield were observed in the unstressed plants as compared with water stressed-plants at R3 and R5 stages. At soil rhizosphere level, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved bacterial counts and the activities of the enzymes (dehydrogenase and phosphatase) under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Irrespective of the drought effects, AMF and B. japonicum treatments improved the growth and yield of soybean under both drought (restrained irrigation) and adequately-watered conditions as compared with untreated plants. The current study revealed that AMF and B. japonicum improved catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in the seeds, and a reverse trend was observed in case of malonaldehyde (MDA) and proline under drought stress. The relative expression of the CAT and POD genes was up-regulated by the application of biofertilizers treatments under drought stress condition. Interestingly a reverse trend was observed in the case of the relative expression of the genes involved in the proline metabolism such as P5CS, P5CR, PDH, and P5CDH under the same conditions. The present study suggests that biofertilizers diminished the inhibitory effect of drought stress on cell development and resulted in a shorter time for DNA accumulation and the cycle of cell division. There were notable changes in the activities of enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism and expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy, and GmC-INV in the plants treated with biofertilizers and exposed to the drought stress at both R3 and R5 stages. These changes in the activities of secondary metabolism and their transcriptional levels caused by biofertilizers may contribute to increasing soybean tolerance to drought stress. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that application of biofertilizers to soybean plants is a promising approach to alleviate drought stress effects on growth performance of soybean plants. The integrated application of biofertilizers may help to obtain improved resilience of the agro ecosystems to adverse impacts of climate change and help to improve soil fertility and plant growth under drought stress.

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Micro-Landscape Dependent Changes in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5297

Author(s):

Stavros D. Veresoglou ◽

Leonie Grünfeld ◽

Magkdi Mola

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Root Colonization ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

High Connectivity ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽

Colonization Rates

The roots of most plants host diverse assemblages of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which benefit the plant hosts in diverse ways. Even though we understand that such AMF assemblages are non-random, we do not fully appreciate whether and how environmental settings can make them more or less predictable in time and space. Here we present results from three controlled experiments, where we manipulated two environmental parameters, habitat connectance and habitat quality, to address the degree to which plant roots in archipelagos of high connectivity and invariable habitats are colonized with (i) less diverse and (ii) easier to predict AMF assemblages. We observed no differences in diversity across our manipulations. We show, however, that mixing habitats and varying connectivity render AMF assemblages less predictable, which we could only detect within and not between our experimental units. We also demonstrate that none of our manipulations favoured any specific AMF taxa. We present here evidence that the community structure of AMF is less responsive to spatio-temporal manipulations than root colonization rates which is a facet of the symbiosis which we currently poorly understand.

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Effects of selenium (Se) application and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on soybean (Glycine max) and forage grass (Urochloa decumbens) development in oxisol

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 380-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Soraya Marx Bamberg ◽

Silvio Junio Ramos ◽

Marco Aurelio Carbone Carneiro ◽

José Oswaldo Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Amf Inoculation

Fertilizer application can enhance the nutritional value of plants, such effects being influenced by the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nutrients × AMF interactions are well-known for variety of elements but very little has been addressed on biofortification of selenium (Se) in plants grown in tropical soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Se application and AMF inoculation on growth and micronutrient contents on soybean plants as forage grass. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with five Se doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1 for soybean plants, and 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg-1 for forage plants), with and without AMF inoculation in three replicates. The results showed that soil Se had only slight effect on soybean growth but it caused a two-fold increase on grain yield. However, the growth of forage grass was enhanced by Se application when AMF was present. The AMF inoculation reduced benefit for soybean growth and yield but marked positive effect on forage grass at high doses of Se. Selenium contents in both plants were increased by its application in soil, being such effect proportional to soil applied doses. Selenium application and AMF inoculation had marked effects on micronutrients contents in both soybean plants and forage grass and they may contribute to Se and micronutrient biofortification.

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Combination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and production of Helianthus tuberosus under field condition

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86042-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabaiporn Nacoon ◽

Sanun Jogloy ◽

Nuntavun Riddech ◽

Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk ◽

Jindarat Ekprasert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Condition ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Spore Density ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Amf Inoculation

AbstractIn this work, the effects of co-inoculation between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and a phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to promote the growth and production of sunchoke under field condition were investigated during 2016 and 2017. Four treatments were set up as follows: plants without inoculation, with AMF inoculation, with PSB inoculation and with co-inoculation of PSB and AMF. The results showed the presence of PSB and AMF colonization at the harvest stage in both years. This suggested the survival of PSB and successful AMF colonization throughout the experiments. According to correlation analysis, PSB positively affected AMF spore density and colonization rate. Also, both AMF and PSB positively correlated with growth and production of sunchoke. Co-inoculation could enhance various plant parameters. However, better results in 2016 were found in co-inoculation treatment, while AMF inoculation performed the best in 2017. All of these results suggested that our AMF and PSB could effectively promote growth and production of sunchoke under field conditions. Such effects were varied due to different environmental conditions each year. Note that this is the first study showing successful co-inoculation of AMF and PSB for promoting growth and yield of sunchoke in the real cultivation fields.

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Susceptibility of barley cultivars to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps95-048 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. M. Boyetchko ◽

J. P. Tewari

Keyword(s):

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Vam Fungi ◽

University Of Alberta ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Vesicular Arbuscular ◽

Glomus Species ◽

The University

The relative susceptibility of selected barley cultivars produced in western Canada to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi under field and greenhouse conditions was evaluated in this study. Cultivars tested under field conditions at the University of Alberta and Lacombe research stations showed no significant differences in VAM colonization of barley roots; colonization was light. Greenhouse trials at the University of Alberta with eight cultivars inoculated with individual mycorrhizal species illustrated significant differences among the barley cultivars in their reactions to Glomus dimorphicum, G. intraradices, and G. mosseae. Distinct differences were observed in the ability of each Glomus species to colonize the barley cultivars. The VAM fungi increased growth and yield in some cultivars, depending on the Glomus species. This study indicates that a degree of host-specificity exists in VAM fungi and that the host-mycorrhizal fungus genotypes may influence the effectiveness of the symbiosis. Key words: Barley, cultivars, susceptibility, VA mycorrhizal fungi

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