EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM APPLICATIONS ON PLANT MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATION AND CROP YIELDS ON SPHAGNUM PEAT SOILS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
P. V. LEBLANC ◽  
E. W. CHIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Molybdenum Concentration ◽  
Clover Plant

Studies were conducted on peat soils to determine the effect of Mo application on crop yields and plant tissue Mo concentrations. In a greenhouse experiment Mo applications resulted in highest crop yield increases for cauliflower with lesser increases for onions and red clover. Plant tissue Mo levels of less than 0.06, 0.04, and 0.03 mg kg−1 in onions, cauliflower, and red clover, respectively were in the deficiency range. Sufficiency levels for Mo were 0.1 mg kg−1 for onions, 0.07 mg kg−1 for cauliflower, and 0.27 mg kg−1 for red clover. No response to Mo was found on carrots even at plant tissue Mo concentrations as low as 0.04 and 0.15 mg kg−1 under greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. In the field study liming and Mo both increased carrot leaf Mo concentrations but only liming increased carrot yields. Key words: Molybdenum concentration, vegetables, red clover, sphagnum peat, liming

Boron for brown-heart control on two rutabaga cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sanderson ◽  
J. B. Sanderson ◽  
U. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
And Storage

Field experiments were carried out in Prince Edward Island to investigate the effect of broadcast and foliar B applications on brown-heart, leaf nutrient content, yield and storage of two rutabaga cultivars (Brassica napabrassica Mill.) at one site in 1994, 1996 and 1997. The two cultivars, York and Thomson Laurentian, were seeded with preplant broadcast B at 0, 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 kg ha-1. Within each preplant broadcast B treatment, foliar B was applied as Solubor (20.5% B) at 0 and 2.24 kg B ha-1. Foliar B was applied 28 and 42 d after seeding at 1.12 kg B ha-1 at each application. Averaged over these 3 yr, total yield was reduced by broadcast B and foliar B applications. Applications of B increased soil and tissue B levels. Boron was within acceptable levels for plant tissue and soil in all years; however, brown-heart was severe in 1994. On average, the incidence of brown-heart was lower in York than in Thomson Laurentian, and further decreased with increasing rate of B, both broadcast and foliar. Key words: Boron, brown-heart, York, Thomson Laurentian, rutabaga

scholarly journals Contributions of Climate and Soil Properties to Wheat and Maize Yield Based on Long-Term Fertilization Experiments

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Shengbao Wei ◽  
Anchun Peng ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Aixing Deng ◽  
Changqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Average Contribution

Identifying the contributions of climate factors and soil fertility to crop yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on crop production. Three 20-year field experiments were conducted in major Chinese wheat-maize cropping areas. Over the 20-year period, crop yield and soil properties showed significantly dissimilar variation trends under similar climate changes at each experimental site. The correlation between climatic factors and crop yield varied greatly among the fertilization regimes and experimental sites. Across all the fertilization regimes and the experimental sites, the average contribution rates of soil properties to wheat and maize yield were 45.7% and 53.2%, respectively, without considering climate factors, and 40.4% and 36.6%, respectively, when considering climate factors. The contributions of soil properties to wheat and maize yield variation when considering climate factors were significantly lower than those without considering climate factors. Across all experimental sites and all fertilization regimes, the mean contribution rates of climate factors to wheat and maize yield were 29.5% and 33.0%, respectively. The contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were 3.7% and −0.9%, respectively. Under balanced fertilization treatments (NPK and NPKM), the change in the contribution rate of soil properties to wheat or maize yield was not obvious, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were positive, at 14.8% and 9.5%, respectively. In contrast, under unbalanced fertilization treatments (CK and N), the contribution rates of soil properties to wheat or maize yield decreased, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil were negative, at −7.4% and −11.2%, respectively. The above results indicate that climate and soil synergistically affected crop yields and that, with the optimization of the fertilization regime, positive interactions gradually emerged.

BORON DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY IN CROPS GROWN ON SPHAGNUM PEAT SOIL

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MacKay ◽  
W. M. Langille ◽  
E. W. Chipman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Eight crops were grown in greenhouse experiments on limed and fertilized sphagnum peat soil treated with various rates of borax. All crops, including beans and potatoes which have low requirements, gave marked response to borax when none was present in the chemicals used for correcting soil acidity. Commercial lime apparently provided sufficient boron as an impurity to reduce the response considerably.Boron levels accumulating from successive applications were toxic to sensitive crops like oats and beans, only when heavy rates had been applied. With cabbage, a tolerant crop, the heaviest rate of 600 pounds/acre, applied over a 4-year period, gave no indication of toxicity.Boron deficiency was alleviated and maximum crop yields were obtained at water-soluble soil boron concentrations ranging from 1.5 p.p.m. for beans to 2.8 p.p.m. for lettuce. Toxicity symptoms were apparent at soil levels extending from 4.8 p.p.m. for oats to > 11 p.p.m. for cabbage.Minimum sufficiency concentrations in the plant tissue varied from 12 p.p.m. in beans and potatoes to 32 p.p.m. in spinach. The lowest values associated with toxicity extended from 105 p.p.m. in oats to > 200 p.p.m. in cabbage.

A STUDY OF ONIONS GROWN IN MICROPLOTS ON THREE ORGANIC SOILS EACH CONTAINING FOUR LEVELS OF COPPER

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
R. B. SANDERSON ◽  
A. BELANGER ◽  
M. VALK ◽  
E. KNIBBE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Four Levels

To assess effects of soil Cu on the yield and nutrition of a crop, onions (Allium cepa ’Autumn Spice’) were grown in field microplots at sites A (peat), B (muck) and C (mucky peat). The surface layers (0–20 cm) of the plots contained four levels of residual fertilizer Cu up to 1200 ppm (wt/wt) at sites A and B and up to 600 ppm at site C. The highest Cu treatment at sites A and B contained about 4–6 times the Cu required for mitigating the excessive decomposition and subsidence of such organic soils. Neither the Cu treatment level nor the total soil Cu concentration influenced crop yields at sites B or C. Crop yield responded positively to the two highest Cu treatment levels at site A where the background level of soil Cu was the lowest among the three sites. The Cu concentrations in the crop at all sites were below the level considered to be phytotoxic (20 ppm). Fe and Zn contents in plants were also not depressed by higher Cu concentrations except for foliar Fe on the highest Cu treatment plots at site A. These plots were intrinsically poorer in Fe than those treated with lesser Cu. Foliar Fe:Cu and Zn:Cu ratios were also lowest, but not below adverse levels, for the highest Cu treatment levels at sites A and B, respectively. Even the highest levels of soil Cu did not reduce N supply for, or N nutrition of, the onion crop, or alter the crop concentrations or uptakes of P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn. Key words: Copper, onions, subsidence, histosol, muck, peat

scholarly journals Mathematical model of agricultural crop yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-318
Author(s):  
A. P. Likhatsevich
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Independent Field

Theoretical basis for presenting research results in agricultural science is mathematical statistics and probability theory using empirical forms of generalization of experimental data. To improve the methods of planning field experiment and processing its data using digital technologies, we proposed to use mathematical modeling based on physical principle of balance of cause-and-effect interactions in a closed physical system as a priority option. When analyzing impact of environmental factors on crop yields, the initial provisions, the mathematical modeling of the crop yield is based, on are not associated with characteristics of crops and natural conditions, therefore, the model options are universal in application and are valid for any agricultural crop, regardless of the region of cultivation. To ensure statistically correct digital information, based on the established forms of mathematical model, the field experiment layout aimed at establishing the dependence of the crop yield on yield-forming factors should include at least 4 options for nutritional levels (NPK) with a research duration of at least 4 years. To check the accuracy of the developed crop yield model, the data of independent field experiments of Professor N.N. Semenenko with barley and winter triticale has been used. It has been determined that, in Belarus, yield-forming factors, as a result of their impact on the grain yield, are arranged in the following decreasing sequence: total dose of applied NPK º the amount of precipitation during the active phases of growing season → air temperature for the same period. Calculations have shown that decrease in the number of yield-forming factors taken into account in the mathematical model from three (food, moisture and heat) to two (food and moisture) reduces the accuracy of calculating the grain crop yield insignificantly.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The present investigation is an account of the results from two fertilizing experiments established on Sphagnum bog at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo. The experiments were carried out in 1923 and 1934. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results. Most important in significance among the different nutrients is nitrogen, phosphorus ranging next, and potassium last. Potassium could even cause a reduction in the crop yields. The effect of liming was evident in the form of increased hay crops, whereas the grain yields of oats were reduced by it. Liming has improved the effect of phosphorus particularly in the case of hay. The results also seem to indicate that the relation between potassium and calcium has significance in regard to the reduction of crop yield caused by potassium. Remarkable crop yield increases were obtained by nitrogen fertilizing. The hay crops and the grain and straw crops of oats increased almost linearly with the addition of nitrogen, in the form of calcium nitrate, in quantities up to 90 kg N per hectare. Quantities in excess of this caused hardly any further increase in the crops. The said quantity is suitable for cover manuring of hay meadows, but the most advisable quantity for cereals is thought to be 45—60 kg N per hectare, so that lodging of the crops might be avoided. Nitrogen fertilization does not essentially affect the quality of the grain crops of cereals; on the other hand nitrogen promoted the retention of timothy in the meadow when nitrogen was used in quantities up to 90 kg per hectare. Stable manure increased the crops. This effect was most distinctly evident in the grain and straw crops of oats. The effect of stable manure was still present 15 years after the most recent addition of stable manure.

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

scholarly journals Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yuan Xu ◽  
Jieming Chou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Mingyang Sun ◽  
Weixing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

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