scholarly journals Fertilization of Sphagnum bogs, on the basis of certain field experiments at Leteensuo

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Hay Meadows ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Sphagnum Bog

The present investigation is an account of the results from two fertilizing experiments established on Sphagnum bog at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo. The experiments were carried out in 1923 and 1934. The following conclusions can be drawn from the results. Most important in significance among the different nutrients is nitrogen, phosphorus ranging next, and potassium last. Potassium could even cause a reduction in the crop yields. The effect of liming was evident in the form of increased hay crops, whereas the grain yields of oats were reduced by it. Liming has improved the effect of phosphorus particularly in the case of hay. The results also seem to indicate that the relation between potassium and calcium has significance in regard to the reduction of crop yield caused by potassium. Remarkable crop yield increases were obtained by nitrogen fertilizing. The hay crops and the grain and straw crops of oats increased almost linearly with the addition of nitrogen, in the form of calcium nitrate, in quantities up to 90 kg N per hectare. Quantities in excess of this caused hardly any further increase in the crops. The said quantity is suitable for cover manuring of hay meadows, but the most advisable quantity for cereals is thought to be 45—60 kg N per hectare, so that lodging of the crops might be avoided. Nitrogen fertilization does not essentially affect the quality of the grain crops of cereals; on the other hand nitrogen promoted the retention of timothy in the meadow when nitrogen was used in quantities up to 90 kg per hectare. Stable manure increased the crops. This effect was most distinctly evident in the grain and straw crops of oats. The effect of stable manure was still present 15 years after the most recent addition of stable manure.

scholarly journals The pH-reaction of the peat in long-term soil improvement and fertilizing trials at the Leteensuo experimental station

1962 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Stable Manure ◽  
Plough Layer ◽  
Sphagnum Bog ◽  
Nitrate Fertilization

The investigation is a report on the pH-reaction in the plough layer of the soil improvement and fertilizing tests carried on at the Experimental Station of Leteensuo during several decades. The tests were located on two areas with a peat layer consisting of Sphagnum peat with pH 3.3, derived from S. fuscum moss in one case, and of forest sedge peat with pH 4.1 in the other. The clay and sand employed as soil improving agents had pH 5.9 and 4.4, respectively. The effect of liming has proved to be relatively prolonged on Sphagnum bog as well as on fen soil. In the test with different rates of lime addition on Sphagnum bog, the pH value was found to increase linearly with the lime quantity. Addition of mineral soil has produced a remarkable increase in pH. Its effect, too, has been highly prolonged. In spite of their different inherent reactions, the sand and clay have exerted largely similar effects on the pH value of the plough layer. Stable manure possesses an effect resulting in an increase of the pH value and this value is also increased by calcium nitrate fertilization, whereas fertilizing with potassium salt and with superphosphate or fine-ground rock phosphate did not affect the reaction of the peat in any noteworthy and distinct degree.

EFFECT OF MOLYBDENUM APPLICATIONS ON PLANT MOLYBDENUM CONCENTRATION AND CROP YIELDS ON SPHAGNUM PEAT SOILS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
P. V. LEBLANC ◽  
E. W. CHIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Molybdenum Concentration ◽  
Clover Plant

Studies were conducted on peat soils to determine the effect of Mo application on crop yields and plant tissue Mo concentrations. In a greenhouse experiment Mo applications resulted in highest crop yield increases for cauliflower with lesser increases for onions and red clover. Plant tissue Mo levels of less than 0.06, 0.04, and 0.03 mg kg−1 in onions, cauliflower, and red clover, respectively were in the deficiency range. Sufficiency levels for Mo were 0.1 mg kg−1 for onions, 0.07 mg kg−1 for cauliflower, and 0.27 mg kg−1 for red clover. No response to Mo was found on carrots even at plant tissue Mo concentrations as low as 0.04 and 0.15 mg kg−1 under greenhouse and field experiments, respectively. In the field study liming and Mo both increased carrot leaf Mo concentrations but only liming increased carrot yields. Key words: Molybdenum concentration, vegetables, red clover, sphagnum peat, liming

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Field-grown Leaf Lettuce for Spring Harvest

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Chohura ◽  
Eugeniusz Kołota
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
Spring Harvest

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Yield and Quality of Field-grown Leaf Lettuce for Spring HarvestTwo field experiments with leaf lettuce were carried out in 2006-2008. Each of them was set up in a random sub-block design in 3 replications and a two-factorial system. The first factor represented different nitrogen doses that were used to obtain the required N level in the soil prior to planting the seedlings, the levels being: 50, 100 and 150 mg N·dm-3. The second factor incorporated 4 nitrogenous fertilizers which were different in terms of chemical composition, and, more importantly, contained different nitrogen forms for introduction to the soil: ammonium nitrate 34% N-[NH4NO3], calcium nitrate 15.5% N-[Ca(NO3)2xH2O+NH4NO3], ammonium sulphate 20.0% N-[(NH4)2SO4], and ENTEC 26% N-[NH4NO3+(NH4)2SO4+0.8% DMPP]. Two varieties of leaf lettuce were used: Casabella (of the type Lollo Bionda) with green leaves, and Klausia (of the type Lollo Rosa) with red leaves. The best sources of nitrogen for the lettuce plants were the fertilizers ENTEC 26 and ammonium nitrate, which in contrast to calcium nitrate and ammonium sulphate made it possible to obtain significantly higher yields of lettuce. Irrespective of the kind of the nitrogenous fertilizer used, increasing the concentration of nitrogen in the soil from 50 mg N·dm-3to 100 mg N·dm-3resulted in a significant increase in the marketable yield of lettuce. At 150 mg N·dm-3this yield remained at a level similar to that at 100 mg N·dm-3. The lettuce fertilized with ammonium sulphate was marked by the lowest mean nitrate content in the leaves before harvest. The use of gradually higher doses of nitrogen resulted in a reduced dry weight content and lower levels of total and reducing sugars in lettuce leaves. With respect to yield size and quality, the recommended concentration of nitrogen in the soil for leaf lettuce should not exceed 100 mg N·dm-3.

scholarly journals Effect of new organic-mineral complex “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of crops on different soil types

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ratnikov ◽  
Dmitriy Sviridenko ◽  
Svetlana Arysheva ◽  
Polina Semeshkina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Kaluga Region

Annotation. Purpose of research. Assessment of the effect of a new organic-mineral complex based on “Gumiton” peat on the yield and quality of spring and winter crops on various types of soil in the Kaluga and Rostov regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of field experiments in farms of various forms of ownership in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation, the influence of “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of grain crops was evaluated. Method of research. Laying and conducting field experiments were carried out according to Dospekhov B. A., agrochemical indicators of soils were determined by the method of Moscow State University, after harvesting, grain quality indicators were determined (the content of raw protein, fat, ash, dry matter) according to GOST R 50817-95, statistical processing of research results was performed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program with a 95 % level of significance of the results. Results. It was shown that the sheet processing “Gumiton” of barley plants in the phase of stooling on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a field experiment on the basis of Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture has increased the crop yield by 21 % and increased protein content in grain by 2 % compared to the control. Treatment of barley plants with “Gumiton” in the stages of entering the tube and earing in experiments on gray forest medium-loamy soil on the basis of Kaluga research Institute increased the yield by 11–17 % and the protein content in the grain to 2.2 %. In production tests of “Gumiton” on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil in the Fetisov Brothers farm in the Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region, processing of oat crops during the tillering phase with “Gumiton” increased the grain yield by 18%. Processing of winter wheat crops of various varieties with the drug in the phase of release into the tube in the farm “Ageeva A. V.” of Babyninsky district and in the farm “Fetisov Brothers” of Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region increased the crop yield by 18–21 %. The treatment of crops of winter wheat of different varieties with “Gumiton” in the earing phase in dark chestnut medium loam soil in farm “Rostok” of the Oryol district of Rostov region increased crop yield by 11–15 % depending on the predecessor. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analysis of data of field experiments in different soil and climatic conditions of Russia the high efficiency of the organo-mineral complex “Gumiton” as the effect on productivity of crops and enhancing the quality of products in agricultural lands in different soil types.

scholarly journals Contributions of Climate and Soil Properties to Wheat and Maize Yield Based on Long-Term Fertilization Experiments

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Shengbao Wei ◽  
Anchun Peng ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Aixing Deng ◽  
Changqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Average Contribution

Identifying the contributions of climate factors and soil fertility to crop yield is significant for the assessment of climate change impacts on crop production. Three 20-year field experiments were conducted in major Chinese wheat-maize cropping areas. Over the 20-year period, crop yield and soil properties showed significantly dissimilar variation trends under similar climate changes at each experimental site. The correlation between climatic factors and crop yield varied greatly among the fertilization regimes and experimental sites. Across all the fertilization regimes and the experimental sites, the average contribution rates of soil properties to wheat and maize yield were 45.7% and 53.2%, respectively, without considering climate factors, and 40.4% and 36.6%, respectively, when considering climate factors. The contributions of soil properties to wheat and maize yield variation when considering climate factors were significantly lower than those without considering climate factors. Across all experimental sites and all fertilization regimes, the mean contribution rates of climate factors to wheat and maize yield were 29.5% and 33.0%, respectively. The contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were 3.7% and −0.9%, respectively. Under balanced fertilization treatments (NPK and NPKM), the change in the contribution rate of soil properties to wheat or maize yield was not obvious, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil to wheat and maize yield were positive, at 14.8% and 9.5%, respectively. In contrast, under unbalanced fertilization treatments (CK and N), the contribution rates of soil properties to wheat or maize yield decreased, and the average contribution rates of the interaction of climate and soil were negative, at −7.4% and −11.2%, respectively. The above results indicate that climate and soil synergistically affected crop yields and that, with the optimization of the fertilization regime, positive interactions gradually emerged.

Miscanthus – a Promising Energy Crop for Industrial Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Kapustyanchik ◽  
V.N. Yakimenko ◽  
Yu.A. Gismatulina ◽  
V.V. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article presents the results of research on the development of methods for processing energy crops – Miscanthus into industrial products with high added value: paper, ethanol. Data on crop yield and the quality of the resulting cellulose-containing raw materials are presented. In field experiments, the possibility of effective cultivation of perennial Miscanthus plantations in the continental regions of Russia was established. The favorable ecological impact of Miscanthus planting on the agricultural landscape was revealed.

scholarly journals Mathematical model of agricultural crop yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-318
Author(s):  
A. P. Likhatsevich
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Independent Field

Theoretical basis for presenting research results in agricultural science is mathematical statistics and probability theory using empirical forms of generalization of experimental data. To improve the methods of planning field experiment and processing its data using digital technologies, we proposed to use mathematical modeling based on physical principle of balance of cause-and-effect interactions in a closed physical system as a priority option. When analyzing impact of environmental factors on crop yields, the initial provisions, the mathematical modeling of the crop yield is based, on are not associated with characteristics of crops and natural conditions, therefore, the model options are universal in application and are valid for any agricultural crop, regardless of the region of cultivation. To ensure statistically correct digital information, based on the established forms of mathematical model, the field experiment layout aimed at establishing the dependence of the crop yield on yield-forming factors should include at least 4 options for nutritional levels (NPK) with a research duration of at least 4 years. To check the accuracy of the developed crop yield model, the data of independent field experiments of Professor N.N. Semenenko with barley and winter triticale has been used. It has been determined that, in Belarus, yield-forming factors, as a result of their impact on the grain yield, are arranged in the following decreasing sequence: total dose of applied NPK º the amount of precipitation during the active phases of growing season → air temperature for the same period. Calculations have shown that decrease in the number of yield-forming factors taken into account in the mathematical model from three (food, moisture and heat) to two (food and moisture) reduces the accuracy of calculating the grain crop yield insignificantly.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

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