Anthocyanin content and profile within and among blueberry species

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kalt ◽  
J. E. McDonald ◽  
R. D. Ricker ◽  
X. Lu

Anthocyanins in ripe fruit of four Vaccinium species and genotypes within these species were compared, revealing substantial inter- and intra-species variability among these commercial and non-commercial blueberries. The highest total anthocyanin content occurred in the bilberry (V. myrtillus L.). Commercial lowbush blueberry clonal mixtures and wild velvet leaf blueberries (V. myrtilloides L.) had about 43% of the anthocyanin content of bilberries (fresh weight basis). Three commercial highbush cultivars (V. corymbosum L.) had about 30% of the bilberry level, while wild genotypes of highbush blueberries had almost 60% of the bilberry level. Acetylation of anthocyanins occurred widely among all species, except bilberries. Although the proportions of the five blueberry anthocyanidins varied substantially among the commercial blueberries, these differences probably do not contribute substantially to differences in their relative antioxidant capacity. Key words: Vaccinium, bilberry, acetylation, cluster analysis, antioxidant

Author(s):  
JÚLIA RIBEIRO SARKIS ◽  
ISABEL CRISTINA TESSARO ◽  
LIGIA DAMASCENO FERREIRA MAECZAK

The objective of this study was to apply a HPLC methodology for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the six anthocyanidins present in fruits and to analyze the anthocyanin and anthocyanidin content of blueberries cultivated in Southern Brazil. The samples used belong to highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars. Total anthocyanin content was determined by the pH differential method and an HPLC gradient elution system with C18 column and UV-Vis detection at 520 nm were used for separation and quantification of the anthocyanidins. Total anthocyanin content was of 128 ± 3 mg per 100 g of fresh pulp. Blueberry pulp presented 55 % of delphinidin, 8 % of cyanidin, 3 % of peonidin and 34 % of malvidin. Pelargonidin was not identified in the sample and petunidin was below the limits of quantification. The results were similar to those reported in studies using North American and European blueberries.


2018 ◽  
pp. 107-113

Evaluación y caracterización de compuestos bioactivos en sacha manzano (Hesperomeles escalloniifolia Schltdl.) y upatankar (Berberis boliviana L). Melquiades Barragán Condori1*, Juan Marcos Aro Aro2, Victor Justiniano Huamaní Meléndez1, María del Carmen Delgado Laime3, Claudia Palomino Sihuipauccar1, Luis David Barragán Jove4 1 Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac 2 Departamento de Agroindustrias, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano – Puno. 3 Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas – Apurímac. 4Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco. Recibido el 14 de noviembre del 2017, aceptado el 23 de diciembre del 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2017.0012/ Resumen Se evaluó y caracterizó compuestos bioactivos en dos frutos nativos denominados sacha manzano (Hesperomeles escalloniifolia S) y upatankar (Berberis boliviana L), para lo cual se extrajo los pigmentos antociánicos con metanol acidificado al 0.01%, se filtró y concentró en rotavapor, luego se centrifugó, decantó y aforó a un volumen conocido para su posterior análisis, purificación y evaluación. En el extracto se evaluó el contenido de antocianinas totales (CAT) por el método de pH diferencial, polifenoles totales (PFT) por el método Folin-Ciocalteu. Seguidamente se purificó el extracto con cartucho set pak C-18 y en esta solución se identificó los espectros de antocianinas mediante FTIR y UV Visible. Los extractos caracterizados por espectrofotometría UV-Vis presentan valores máximos de absorbancia a 520 nm que corresponden a estructuras antociánicas ya establecidas, del mismo modo por espectroscopia FTIR-ATR se observan fuertes señales de absorción a diferentes valores de frecuencias de vibración (cm-1) que corresponden a grupos funcionales de antocianinas. Los valores de CAT son de 978.83 y 75.39 (mg de cianidina 3-glucosido/100 g de peso fresco) del PFT 4902.41 y 1029.59 (mg de ácido gálico/100 g de peso fresco) para upatankar y sacha manzano respectivamente. Los espectros UV Vis y FTIR corresponden a antocianinas. El alto contenido de CAT y PFT del upatankar nos permite recomendar su uso como antioxidante en alimentos funcionales y extractos naturales en la agroindustria. Descriptores: Antocianinas, polifenoles, antioxidantes, radicales libres, flavonoides.    Abstract Bioactive compounds were evaluated and characterized in two native fruits called sacha manzano (Hesperomeles escalloniifolia S) and upatankar (Berberis boliviana L), for which the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with acidified to 0.01% methanol, filtered and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. centrifuged, decanted and adjusted to a known volume for further analysis, purification and evaluation. In the extract the total anthocyanin content (CAT) was evaluated by the differential pH method, total polyphenols (PFT) by the Folin Ciocalteu method. The extract was then purified with set pak cartridge C-18 and in this solution the anthocyanin spectra were identified by FTIR and Visible UV. The extracts characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry have maximum absorbance values ​​at 520 nm corresponding to established anthocyanin structures, and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy shows strong absorption signals at different vibration frequency values ​​(cm-1) which correspond to functional groups of anthocyanins. The CAT values ​​are 978.83 and 75.39 (mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside / 100 g of fresh weight) of PFT 4902.41 and 1029.59 (mg of gallic acid / 100 g of fresh weight) for upatankar and sacha manzano tree respectively. The UV Vis and FTIR spectra correspond to anthocyanins. The high content of CAT and PFT of upatankar allows us to recommend its use as an antioxidant in functional foods and natural extracts in the agroindustry. Keywords: Anthocyanins, polyphenols, antioxidants, free radicals, flavonoids.


HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 533d-533
Author(s):  
P. Perkins-Veazie ◽  
J. K. Collins ◽  
J. R. Clark ◽  
J. Magee

Although several new southern highbush blueberry cultivars have been introduced, little is known about their shelflife quality. Five southern highbush cultivars and three advanced selections were harvested from plantings at Clarksville, Ark. and held at 5C, 95% RH for 21 days followed by 1 day at 20C. `Gulf Coast' fruit had the most and `A109' the least weight loss after storage (12% and 6%). `Gulf Coast' fruit were rated softest after storage, Anthocyanin content was highest in `Cape Fear' and lowest in `MS108' (142 and 57 abs. units/g FW, respectively). After storage, total anthocyanin content increased 60% in `Cape Fear' and `O'Neal' fruit. Fruit pH was higher in stored fruit but titratable acidity decreased only in `ONeal', `Sierra', and `G616' fruit. Results indicate that southern highbush blueberries cultivars show great variability in shelflife quality.


1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Miesle ◽  
A. Proctor ◽  
L.M. Lagrimini

The activity, isoenzymes, and histochemical location of peroxidase were studied in developing highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Total peroxidase activity increased during development when expressed on a fresh-weight basis, reaching a maximum in red berries and then declining. When peroxidase activity was expressed per berry it did not decline after the red-berry stage. Most of the enzyme was ionically bound to cell walls throughout development, with the number of isoenzymes increasing with maturity. Histochemical localization of peroxidase showed that enzyme activity spread throughout the berry during development.


Author(s):  
Pınar Ercan ◽  
Sedef Nehir El

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.


Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8060
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Neva Karatas ◽  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
...  

The Rosa is one of the most diverse genera in the plant kingdom and, in particular, its fruits have been used for multiple purposes in different parts of the world for centuries. Within the genus, Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis are, economically, the most important species and dominate Rosa fruit production. In this study, some important fruit and shrub traits of ten Rosa canina and ten Rosa dumalis ecotypes collected from rural areas of Kars province, located in the east Anatolia region of Turkey were investigated. We found significant differences among ecotypes in most of the morphological and biochemical traits. The ecotypes were found between 1446–2210 m altitude. Fruit weight and fruit flesh ratio ranged from 2.95 g to 4.72 g and 62.55% to 74.42%, respectively. SSC (Soluble Solid Content), Vitamin C, total phenolic, total flavonoid, total carotenoid, and total anthocyanin content of the ecotypes ranged from 16.9–22.7%, 430–690 mg per 100 g FW (fresh weight), 390–532 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g FW, 0.88–2.04 mg per g FW, 6.83–15.17 mg per g FW and 3.62–7.81 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per kg, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined to be between 19.7–34.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g fresh weight. Rosa ecotypes contained chlorogenic acid and rutin the most as phenolic compound. Our results indicated great diversity within both R. canina and R. dumalis fruits.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
María Guerra-Valle ◽  
Siegried Lillo-Perez ◽  
Guillermo Petzold ◽  
Patricio Orellana-Palma

This work studied the effects of centrifugal block freeze crystallization (CBFC) on physicochemical parameters, total phenolic compound content (TPCC), antioxidant activity (AA), and process parameters applied to fresh murta and arrayan juices. In the last cycle, for fresh murta and arrayan juices, the total soluble solids (TSS) showed values close to 48 and 54 Brix, and TPCC exhibited values of approximately 20 and 66 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 grams dry matter (d.m.) for total polyphenol content, 13 and 25 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total anthocyanin content, and 9 and 17 mg quercetin equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total flavonoid content, respectively. Moreover, the TPCC retention indicated values over 78% for murta juice, and 82% for arrayan juice. Similarly, the AA presented an increase over 2.1 times in relation to the correspondent initial AA value. Thus, the process parameters values were between 69% and 85% for efficiency, 70% and 88% for percentage of concentrate, and 0.72% and 0.88 (kg solutes/kg initial solutes) for solute yield. Therefore, this work provides insight about CBFC on valuable properties in fresh Patagonian berries juices, for future applications in health and industrial scale.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Meng-Bo Tian ◽  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Ming-Yuan Zheng ◽  
Zhu-Mei Xi

Anthocyanins are vital components of plant secondary metabolites, and are also the most important coloring substances in wine. Teinturier cultivars are rich in anthocyanins. However, the differences in anthocyanin accumulation and profiles between teinturier and non-teinturier cultivars have not been reported. In this study, Yan 73 and Dunkelfelder were selected as the experimental materials, and three non-teinturier cultivars were used for comparison. LC-MS and qRT-PCR were used to determine the individual anthocyanin contents and the relative gene expression. The results show that the total anthocyanin content of the teinturier cultivars was considerably higher than that in non-teinturier cultivars, and the levels of individual anthocyanins increased gradually during ripening. Lower ratios of modified anthocyanins were found in the teinturier cultivars, which was not only due to the high expression level of VvUFGT and VvGST4, but also due to the relatively low expression of VvOMT in these cultivars. Cluster analysis of gene expression and anthocyanin accumulation showed that VvUFGT is related to anthocyanin accumulation, and that AM1 is related to the synthesis and transport of methylated anthocyanins. Our results will be useful for further clarifying the pathways of anthocyanin synthesis, modification, and transport in teinturier cultivars.


1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Durzan

In late August during the onset of dormancy in spruce, seasonal levels of soluble nitrogen, rich in arginine, were high. On a fresh weight basis, diurnal levels of total soluble nitrogen and most component amino acids in roots, buds, and leaves showed maxima, one at sunrise and another in the afternoon or near sunset.Arginine and glutamine in the different plant parts contributed 44 to 83% to the alcohol-soluble nitrogen. In buds and leaves, percentage of arginine remained high and decreased slightly at midday, whereas in roots a continual drop occurred. In all organs examined, changes in glutamine reflected the double maxima of total soluble nitrogen and were greatest in roots.On a fresh weight basis, most amino acids accumulated at sunrise and near sunset; however a few especially in leaves, increased at midday, e.g. glutamic and aspartic acid, lysine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serine.Comparison of levels of free guanidino compounds in different organs showed remarkable out-of-phase patterns. Levels of these compounds are known from 14C-arginine studies to be closely related to the metabolism of arginine.


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