Nebulizer systems: a new frontier for therapeutics and targeted delivery

2021 ◽  
pp. 00-00
Author(s):  
Sakshi V Khairnar ◽  
Divya D Jain ◽  
Srushti M Tambe ◽  
Yashashri R Chavan ◽  
Purnima D Amin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Particle Engineering ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Inhaled Drug Delivery

Drug delivery via the pulmonary route is a cornerstone in the pharmaceutical sector as an alternative to oral and parenteral administration. Nebulizer inhalation treatment offers multiple drug administration, easily employed with tidal breathing, suitable for children and elderly, can be adapted for severe patients and visible spray ensures patient satisfaction. This review discusses the operational and mechanical characteristics of nebulizer delivery devices in terms of aerosol production processes, their usage, benefits and drawbacks that are currently shaping the contemporary landscape of inhaled drug delivery. With the advent of particle engineering, novel inhaled nanosystems can be successfully developed to increase lung deposition and decrease pulmonary clearance. The above-mentioned advances might pave the path for treating a life-threatening disorder like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is also discussed in the current state of the art.

Bioinspired Particle Engineering for Non-invasive Inhaled Drug Delivery to the Lungs

2021 ◽  
pp. 112324
Author(s):  
Snehal K. Shukla ◽  
Apoorva Sarode ◽  
Dipti D. Kanabar ◽  
Aaron Muth ◽  
Nitesh K. Kunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Engineering ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inhaled Drug Delivery

Delving Deeper into Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery: Factors and Mechanisms Associated with Nanocarrier-mediated Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3210-3222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothsna Manikkath ◽  
TK Sumathy ◽  
Aparna Manikkath ◽  
Srinivas Mutalik
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Dispersion Medium ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Particle Engineering ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Routes Of Drug Administration ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery

Background: Advances in material science and particle engineering have led to the development of a rapidly growing number of nanoparticulate carriers for drug and gene delivery. These carriers are increasingly being investigated in dermal and transdermal routes of drug administration. Objective: To critically examine and summarize the primary factors and mechanisms involved in nanocarriermediated dermal and transdermal delivery of drugs. Method: Thorough literature search was undertaken, spanning the early development of nanocarrier-mediated dermal and transdermal drug delivery approaches, to the current state of the art, using online search tools. Results: Physicochemical, formulation, experimental and morphological factors, such as, material of construction or type of nanoparticle (NP), surface chemistry, particle size, particle shape, surface charge, dispersion medium, duration of exposure of skin to NPs, combination of NPs with physical agents, and aspects related to skin were identified and discussed. Conclusion: The key factors and mechanisms which influence NPs-skin interactions in dermal and transdermal drug delivery are discussed in this article in-line with the current advances in the field.

scholarly journals Lung-targeted Macrophage Biomimetic Nanocarriers Based on Platycodon Grandiflorum Polysaccharides for Calming Cytokine Storm in Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Chunjing Guo ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Yanguo Su ◽  
Huimin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Abstract Background Pneumonia is a life-threatening respiratory disease without effective treatment due to uncontrolled inflammation of the lung tissue. Suppression of cytokine storms may be one of the keys to saving the lives of patients with severe pneumonia. Given the fragile delivery efficiency of drugs in vivo, novel delivery platforms to address these issues are necessary. Results Here, we developed a biomimetic nanocarrier (MNPs) with macrophage membranes coated ROS-responsive Platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharides nanoparticles (PNPs) for targeted delivery of curcumin (MNPs@Cur) to inflamed lungs and treat inflammation by calming cytokine storms. In the study, we could clearly find that MNPs@Cur significantly attenuated inflammation and cytokine storm syndrome in acute lung injury (ALI) mice by neutralizing multiple proinfammatory cytokines. Interestingly, we found that the PNPs also had potent pulmonary targeting compared to other polysaccharide carriers, which probably means that PNPs have inherited the natural targeting ability in the medicinal guide theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Conclusion The results demonstrated that the developed drug delivery system may serve as an effective and safe nanoplatform for the treatment of pneumonia, as well as provide experimental scientific basis for the medicinal guide theory of TCM and its clinical application.

Receptor-Based Combinatorial Nanomedicines

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-355
Author(s):  
Harshita Abul Barkat ◽  
Md Abul Barkat ◽  
Mohamad Taleuzzaman ◽  
Sabya Sachi Das ◽  
Md. Rizwanullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Drug Regimens

Nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems, as an anticancer therapy tool, have shown significant potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer therapy could be efficiently achieved by combinatorial therapies, approaches using multiple drug regimens for targeting cancers. However, their usages have been limited due to shorter half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, insignificant targetability to tumor sites and suboptimal levels of co-administered conventional drug moieties. Thus, nanotechnology-based drug-delivery systems with effective targetability have played a crucial role to overcome the limitations and challenges associated with conventional therapies and also have provided greater therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the authors have focused on various drug-incorporated combinatorial nanocarrier systems, the significance of various receptors-associated strategies, and various targeted delivery approaches for chemotherapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartini Sartini ◽  
Andi Dian Permana ◽  
Saikat Mitra ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
Emil Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Delivery Strategies

In recent years, the emergence of newly identified acute and chronic infectious disorders caused by diverse combinations of pathogens, termed polymicrobial diseases, has had catastrophic consequences for humans. Antimicrobial agents have been clinically proven to be effective in the pharmacological treatment of polymicrobial diseases. Unfortunately, an increasing trend in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and limited options for delivery of antimicrobial drugs might seriously impact humans’ efforts to combat polymicrobial diseases in the coming decades. New antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism(s) of action and new pharmaceutical formulations or delivery systems to target infected sites are urgently required. In this review, we discuss the prospective use of novel antimicrobial compounds isolated from natural products to treat polymicrobial infections, mainly via mechanisms related to inhibition of biofilm formation. Drug-delivery systems developed to deliver antimicrobial compounds to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens are discussed. We further discuss the effectiveness of several biofilm-targeted delivery strategies to eliminate polymicrobial biofilms. At the end, we review the applications and promising opportunities for various drug-delivery systems, when compared to conventional antimicrobial therapy, as a pharmacological means to treat polymicrobial diseases.

Peptide- and Aptamer-Functionalized Nanovectors for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd O. Pangburn ◽  
Matthew A. Petersen ◽  
Brett Waybrant ◽  
Maroof M. Adil ◽  
Efrosini Kokkoli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Peptide Ligands ◽  
Drug Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Delivery Vector ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

Targeted delivery of therapeutics is an area of vigorous research, and peptide- and aptamer-functionalized nanovectors are a promising class of targeted delivery vehicles. Both peptide- and aptamer-targeting ligands can be readily designed to bind a target selectively with high affinity, and more importantly are molecules accessible by chemical synthesis and relatively compact compared with antibodies and full proteins. The multitude of peptide ligands that have been used for targeted delivery are covered in this review, with discussion of binding selectivity and targeting performance for these peptide sequences where possible. Aptamers are RNA or DNA strands evolutionarily engineered to specifically bind a chosen target. Although use of aptamers in targeted delivery is a relatively new avenue of research, the current state of the field is covered and promises of future advances in this area are highlighted. Liposomes, the classic drug delivery vector, and polymeric nanovectors functionalized with peptide or aptamer binding ligands will be discussed in this review, with the exclusion of other drug delivery vehicles. Targeted delivery of therapeutics, from DNA to classic small molecule drugs to protein therapeutics, by these targeted nanovectors is reviewed with coverage of both in vitro and in vivo deliveries. This is an exciting and dynamic area of research and this review seeks to discuss its broad scope.

scholarly journals A Contactless and Biocompatible Approach for 3D Active Microrobotic Targeted Drug Delivery

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Ongaro ◽  
Dennis Niehoff ◽  
Sumit Mohanty ◽  
Sarthak Misra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Motion Control ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Targeted Drug

As robotic tools are becoming a fundamental part of present day surgical interventions, microrobotic surgery is steadily approaching clinically-relevant scenarios. In particular, minimally invasive microrobotic targeted drug deliveries are reaching the grasp of the current state-of-the-art technology. However, clinically-relevant issues, such as lack of biocompatibility and dexterity, complicate the clinical application of the results obtained in controlled environments. Consequently, in this work we present a proof-of-concept fully contactless and biocompatible approach for active targeted delivery of a drug-model. In order to achieve full biocompatiblity and contacless actuation, magnetic fields are used for motion control, ultrasound is used for imaging, and induction heating is used for active drug-model release. The presented system is validated in a three-dimensional phantom of human vessels, performing ten trials that mimic targeted drug delivery using a drug-coated microrobot. The system is capable of closed-loop motion control with average velocity and positioning error of 0.3 mm/s and 0.4 mm, respectively. Overall, our findings suggest that the presented approach could augment the current capabilities of microrobotic tools, helping the development of clinically-relevant approaches for active in-vivo targeted drug delivery.

Liposomes: An emerging approach for treatment of cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhlesh K. Jain ◽  
Keerti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Conventional drug delivery agents for life-threatening disease cancer lacks specificity towards cancer cells, results in seriously toxicities to normal cells with a poor therapeutic indices. These toxic side effects often limit dose escalation of anticancer drugs, leading to incomplete tumor suppression/cancer eradication, early disease relapse, and ultimately, the development of drug resistance. Accordingly, targeting of the tumor vasculatures is essential for the treatment of cancer. Objective: To search and describe a safer drug delivery carrier for the treatment of cancer with reduced systemic toxicities. Methods: Data were collected from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct through searching of keywords: ‘liposomes’, ‘nanocarriers’, ‘targeted drug delivery’, ‘ligands’, ‘liposome for anti-cancerous drugs’, ‘treatment for cancer’ and ‘receptor targeting’. Results: Liposomes have provided a safe platform for the targeted delivery of encapsulated anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer which results in the reduction of the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on normal cells. Conclusion: Liposomal targeting is a better emerging approach as an advanced drug delivery carrier with targeting ligands for anti-cancer agents.

Development and Characterization Colchicine-Loaded PEGylated Gelatin Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery to Tumor

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2058-2063
Author(s):  
G D Chandrethiya ◽  
P K Shelat ◽  
M N Zaveri
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Gelatin Nanoparticles

PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles loaded with colchicine were prepared by ethanol precipitation method. Poly-(ethylene glycol)-5000-monomethylether (MPEG 5000), a hydrophilic polymer, was used to pegylate gelatin.  Gluteraldehyde was used as cross-linking agent. To obtain a high quality product, major formulation parameters were optimized.  Spherical particles with mean particles of 193 nm were measured by a Malvern particle size analyzer. Entrapment efficiency was found to be 71.7 ± 1.4% and determined with reverse phase high performance liquid charomatography (RP-HPLC). The in vitro drug release study was performed by dialysis bag method for a period of 168 hours. Lyophilizaton study showed sucrose at lower concentrations proved the best cryoprotectant for this formulation.  Stability study revealed that lyophilized nanoparticles were equally effective (p < 0.05) after one year of storage at 2-8°C with ambient humidity. In vitro antitumoral activity was accessed using the MCF-7 cell line by MTT assay.  The IC50 value was found to be 0.034 μg/ml for the prepared formulation. The results indicate that PEGylated gelatin nanoparticles could be utilized as a potential drug delivery for targeted drug delivery of tumors.  

Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Topotecan Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells with Folate-targeted Topotecan Liposomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 902-909
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhang ◽  
Weiyue Shi ◽  
Gangqiang Xue ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Haixin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells

Background: Among all cancers, lung cancer has high mortality among patients in most of the countries in the world. Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly reduce the side effects and dramatically improve the effects of the treatment. Folate, a suitable ligand, can be modified to the surface of tumor-selective drug delivery systems because it can selectively bind to the folate receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of lung tumor cells. Objective: This study aimed to construct a kind of folate-targeted topotecan liposomes for investigating their efficacy and mechanism of action in the treatment of lung cancer in preclinical models. Methods: We conjugated topotecan liposomes with folate, and the liposomes were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity to A549 cells and in vitro release profile. Technical evaluations were performed on lung cancer A549 cells and xenografted A549 cancer cells in female nude mice, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug were evaluated in female SD rats. Results: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes were proven to show effectiveness in targeting lung tumors. The anti-tumor effects of these liposomes were demonstrated by the decreased tumor volume and improved therapeutic efficacy. The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes also lengthened the topotecan blood circulation time. Conclusion: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes are effective drug delivery systems and can be easily modified with folate, enabling the targeted liposomes to deliver topotecan to lung cancer cells and kill them, which could be used as potential carriers for lung chemotherapy.

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