A Sub-Chronic Exposure Study of Arsenic on Hematological Parameters, Liver Enzyme Activities, Histological Studies and Accumulation Pattern of Arsenic in Organs of Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum®, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum® at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum® decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum® while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum®. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum®.

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Changes in rhythm of liver enzyme activity in albino rats during chronic exposure to vinyl acetate

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/bf00832725 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 453-455

Author(s):

L. V. Tiunova ◽

A. P. Rumyantsev

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver Enzyme Activity

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Effect of Oral Administration of Ibuprofen on Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin and Platelet Count in Wistar Albino Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i630445 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Jonathan Esima ◽

Abraham Zorte ◽

O. Onwuli, Donatus ◽

Waribo, Helen Anthony

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Prothrombin Time ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Group 2 ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Acute And Chronic Exposure

Aim: Ibuprofen is analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug, which is widely used as a cheap over- the counter drug (OTC); however, this drug accompanies anti coagulation/anti platelets effects which sometimes might illicit adverse effects. In this study, we investigated effect of ibuprofen on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet count using wistar albino rats. Methods: A total of 21 rats grouped into 3(control, acute and chronic exposure groups, with all consisting of 7 rats each) was used. The acute and chronic exposure group were given 0.7 mg of ibuprofen orally for 1 and 21 days, respectively. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture then analyzed. Results: PT was significantly higher in both group 2 and 3 (acute and chronic exposure, respectively) than that of the control. Acute exposure group showed the highest PT rise. A PTT was not significantly different between group 2 and 3 versus the control group. Platelet count was significantly lower in both group 2 and 3than that in the control group (p<0.05). Group 3 (chronic exposure) showed the lowest platelet count. Conclusion: Oral administration of ibuprofen affected coagulation parameters and a longer exposure reduce platelets count. A strictly prescription for this drug may be needed to prevent its indiscriminate use.

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Toxicity effect of sub-chronic oral administration of class bitters® - a polyherbal formula on serum electrolytes and hematological indices in male Wistar albino rats

Journal of Xenobiotics ◽

10.4081/xeno.2015.5369 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu ◽

Kpobari W. Nkpaa

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Potential Health ◽

Hematological Indices ◽

Hydrogen Carbonate ◽

Term Administration ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Herbal Formulations

The indiscriminate administration of readyto- use herbal formulations has become a major concern due to their potential health risk. The study investigated the effect of class bitters® (CB) - a polyherbal formula prepared with Mondia whitei, Khaya senegalensis, Capparis erythrocarpus, Thoningia sanguinea and Xylopia aethiopica on serum electrolytes and hematological parameters in male Wistar albino rats. Two doses (500 and 1000 mg kg–1) of the polyherbal drugs were administered orally to male Wistar albino rats for a period of 9 weeks. The results showed that administration of 500 and 1000 mg kg–1 body weight of CB recorded a marked increase in the levels of sodium and chlorum when compared with control. However, there was a marked reduction in the levels of potassium and hydrogen carbonate. The results of the study also showed a significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the level of hematological parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets levels in the male Wistar albino rats, when compared with control. The marked decrease in Hb, PCV, RBCs and platelets concentrations observed in experimental rats in this study suggest that CB may have an adverse effect on erythropoiesis. These observations therefore showed that long-term administration of CB might cause renal disease and anemia.

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Effects of Salacia oblonga on aluminium induced changes in membrane ATPases in brain cortex and hematological parameters in Wistar albino rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192115 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1215

Author(s):

Divyashanthi C. M. ◽

Nandhini A. ◽

Barathane Datchanamurty

Keyword(s):

Brain Cortex ◽

Aluminum Toxicity ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Aluminium Toxicity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Active Principle ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Salacia Oblonga ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The current study was done to evaluate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Salacia oblonga on aluminum induced toxicity in brain cortex and blood in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The experimental animals were divided into four groups, each group comprising of six animals for 36 days of experimental duration. We investigated Na+/K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ATPases enzyme activity in brain cortex and hematological changes if any, upon administration of aluminum chloride (Alcl3) (300 mg/kg b.w), hydro alcoholic extract of Salacia oblonga (67 mg/kg b.w) and Alcl3+ Salacia oblanga with control (distilled water).Results: In brain cortex, Salacia caused an increased in activity of ATPases. Combined administration of Salacia suppressed the influence of aluminum on the ATPases in the brain cortex (p<0.05). Both aluminum as well as Salacia did not cause any alteration in the hemoglobin content of blood in Wistar albino rats. The erythrocytes count was also not altered by treatment with either aluminum or Salacia. Combined treatment with Salacia suppressed the influence of aluminum with reference to neutrophil count and significant increases in monocyte as well as lymphocyte count were seen. Thus, repeated administration of aluminum causes a decrease in neutrophil and increase in lymphocyte count.Conclusions: All the ATPases in brain cortex were found to be affected by aluminum administration and Salacia is found to counteract the ATPase effect to a particular extent implying the presence of an active principle that can counteract the aluminium toxicity indicating its possible usefulness in aluminum toxicity.

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Biochemical and histopathological effects of sub-acute exposure of albino rats to fumigants – dichlorvos and cypermethrin

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/intox-2019-0022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 180-185

Author(s):

Raphael Chukwunonso Nwankwo ◽

Madu Daniel Ibegbu ◽

Kenechukwu Chibuike Onyekwelu ◽

Chioma Sandra Ejezie ◽

Joy Ebele Ikekpeazu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽

Acute Exposure ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Effects ◽

Histology Report

AbstractCypermethrin (CYP) is one of the most common active ingredients in most insecticides, mosquito coils and powder used in Nigeria. dichlorvos (DDVP) is the most indiscriminately used fumigant in most rural and sub-urban areas in Nigeria. These fumigants can easily be accessed without proper method of usage thus exposing the population to their toxic effects. As a result, this study was initiated to determine the effects of sub-acute exposure of CYP and DDVP on some biochemical and histopathological parameters of albino rats. In this study, forty (40) albino rats of 10 groups of 4 rats per group, with one group serving as control, were exposed to these fumigants in a poorly ventilated area for 4hours per day over 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The results showed observable changes in liver enzyme activities (p<0.05) in groups exposed to DDVP for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The groups exposed to CYP showed mild changes in liver enzyme activities when compared with the DDVP groups. Increase in activity of the liver enzymes was also observed in the groups exposed to a mixture of DDVP+CYP for 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The urea, creatinine and electrolytes levels in all the groups exposed to DDVP, CYP and DDVP+CYP for 2, 4 and 6weeks were significantly (p<0.05) increased. Also WBC and platelets in all the groups exposed to DDVP and CYP recorded significant changes. The histology report of the lungs and liver showed moderate lymphocytic infiltration and hepatocytic steatosis which progressed with duration of exposure to the fumigants, while the kidneys showed no remarkable changes. The results of this study suggest that DDVP and CYP have relative toxic effects in the exposed animals and should be used with caution to avoid human exposure to their visible toxicities.

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Blood parameters of wistar albino rats fed processed tropical sickle pod (Senna obtusifolia) leaf meal-based diets

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 778-782

Author(s):

Clement Augustine ◽

Dishi Khobe ◽

Yahaya Babakiri ◽

Joseph U Igwebuike ◽

Isa Joel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hematological Parameters ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

The Sun ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Senna Obtusifolia ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Biochemical Indices

Abstract A feeding trial was conducted for 28 d to evaluate the effects of feeding albino rats with processed Senna obtusifolia leaf meal (SOLM) based diets. Five experimental diets were compounded to contain 0% and 20% each of the sun-dried, boiled, fresh fermented, and boiled and fermented SOLM-based diets designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5, respectively. A total of 90 young albino rats with initial weight of 13.52–14.48 g were randomly allocated to the dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with three replicates of six rats each. The hematological parameters revealed nonsignificant (P > 0.05) difference except for the rats fed the sun-dried SOLM-based diet, which had the lowest packed cell volume (34%), red blood cell (5.32 × 106/µ/L), and hemoglobin (13.67 g/dL). The hematological values recorded were, however, within the normal reference ranges. The biochemical indices were also not significantly (P > 0.05) different. The total protein, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin recorded were within the ranges of 71.50–77.73 g/L, 1.03–1.23 mg/dL, 20.67–24.37 µ/L, and 10.13–11.67 µ/L, respectively. It was concluded that the different processed SOLM-based diets had no adverse effects on the blood parameters of the albino rats and are, therefore, recommended for feeding albino rats.

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Anti-nutritional Factors in Afzelia afrcana and Citrullus colocynthis and Effects of the Seeds on Liver Enzyme Activities of Albino Rats

Indian Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.17485/ijst/2013/v6i7.22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

I. O. Igwenyi

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Citrullus Colocynthis ◽

Nutritional Factors

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The Effects of Pomegranate and Carvacrol on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Marrow Toxicity in Rats

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v37i2.21091 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Velat Şen ◽

Mehtap Bozkurt ◽

Sevda Söker ◽

Aydın Ece ◽

Ali Güneş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Bone Marrow Toxicity ◽

Group 4 ◽

Bone Marrow Damage ◽

Group 2 ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pomegranate (PMG) extract and carvacrol (CARV) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced oxidative stress and bone marrow toxicity. Methods: Wistar albino rats (32 rats) were divided into four groups (n=8): Group 1 was control; Group 2 was given a single intraperitoneal injection of methotrexate (20 mg/kg); Group 3 was treated with carvacrol (73 mg/kg i.p.) one day before MTX (20 mg/kg i.p.) injection; and, Group 4 received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg i.p) while PMG was administered orally for seven days at 225 mg/kg. After animals were euthanized, blood samples were taken to evaluate hematological parameters and oxidative stress. In addition, the femur was cropped and bone marrow was extracted for examination. Results: White blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count were found to be decreased in the MTX group, but these changes were prevented in the groups that received CARV and PMG. Furthermore, decreased bone marrow cellularity was found in the groups treated with MTX, whereas the PMG and CARV groups had cellularity similar to controls. Strikingly, oxidative stress increased in the MTX group, but was ultimately decreased in the rats that received the antioxidants PMG and CARV. Conclusion: Carvacrol and PMG were found to be protective against methotrexate-induced oxidative bone marrow damage. Use of these antioxidants, in combination with chemotherapeutics, may help to reduce some adverse effects of methotrexate.

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Efficacy of the Aqueous Extracts of Justicia Galeopsis Leaves on the Improvement of Hematological Parameters in Anemic Rats

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v9n5p14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Ahou L. Loukou ◽

Moussa Gbogbo ◽

Raissa S. Assi ◽

Louise Atchibri-Anin ◽

Kouakou Brou

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Antianemc potential of aqueous of Justicia galeopsis leaves was studied using Wistar Albino rats after induction of anemia by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Forty rats (20 male and 20 female) subdivided into five groups of eight rats were used. There was a group as control (not anemic) and four other anemic groups which had received by gavage respectively 1 ml/kg of distilled water, 1 ml/kg of body weight of Vitafer (reference drug commonly used to treat anemia), 100 mg/kg of body weight of extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked during 30 min and 30 mg/kg of body weight of extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked during 45 min. Hematological parameters (red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit) were analyzed as indices of anemia and the weights of specific organs (liver, spleen and kidney) were evaluated. The results of this investigation had showed that aqueous extract of J. galeopsis leaves cooked improved red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These extracts were not toxic for liver, spleen and kidney. The administration of 100 mg/kg/day of extract of leaves cooked leaves during 30 min promotes a better recovery rate of the number of red blood cells (94.80 %), hemoglobin level (159.53 %) and hematocrit (117.72 %) than Vitafer and the extract of leaves cooked for 45 min. This is suggestive that aqueous extracts of Justicia galeopsis leaves cooked during 30 min may be exploited during 2 weeks in the treatment of anemia.

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