scholarly journals Effect of Oral Administration of Ibuprofen on Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin and Platelet Count in Wistar Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Jonathan Esima ◽  
Abraham Zorte ◽  
O. Onwuli, Donatus ◽  
Waribo, Helen Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Aim: Ibuprofen is analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug, which is widely used as a cheap over- the counter drug (OTC); however, this drug accompanies anti coagulation/anti platelets effects which sometimes might illicit adverse effects. In this study, we investigated effect of ibuprofen on prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and platelet count using wistar albino rats. Methods: A total of 21 rats grouped into 3(control, acute and chronic exposure groups, with all consisting of 7 rats each) was used. The acute and chronic exposure group were given 0.7 mg of ibuprofen orally for 1 and 21 days, respectively. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture then analyzed. Results: PT was significantly higher in both group 2 and 3 (acute and chronic exposure, respectively) than that of the control. Acute exposure group showed the highest PT rise. A PTT was not significantly different between group 2 and 3 versus the control group. Platelet count was significantly lower in both group 2 and 3than that in the control group (p<0.05). Group 3 (chronic exposure) showed the lowest platelet count. Conclusion: Oral administration of ibuprofen affected coagulation parameters and a longer exposure reduce platelets count. A strictly prescription for this drug may be needed to prevent its indiscriminate use.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

Can N-Acetylcysteine Preserve Peritoneal Function and Morphology in Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devrim Bozkurt ◽  
Ender Hur ◽  
Burcu Ulkuden ◽  
Murat Sezak ◽  
Hasim Nar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peritoneal Fibrosis ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Long-term use of the peritoneum as a dialysis membrane results in progressive irreversible dysfunction, described as peritoneal fibrosis. Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis has been established in many studies. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions, regardless of whether produced by high glucose, angiotensin II, or glucose degradation products may be responsible for progressive membrane dysfunction. The well-known antioxidant molecule N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is capable of direct scavenging of ROS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NAC therapy on both progression and regression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). We divided 49 nonuremic Wistar albino rats into four groups: Control group—2 mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (IP) daily for 3 weeks; CG group—2 mL/200 g 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) and 15% ethanol dissolved in saline injected IP daily for a total of 3 weeks; Resting group—CG (weeks 1 – 3), plus peritoneal resting (weeks 4 – 6); NAC-R group—CG (weeks 1 – 3), plus 2 g/L NAC (weeks 4 – 6). At the end of the experiment, all rats underwent a 1-hour peritoneal equilibration test with 25 mL 3.86% PD solution. Dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) urea, dialysate white blood cell count (per cubic milliliter), ultrafiltration (UF) volume, and morphology changes of parietal peritoneum were examined. The CG group progressed to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, characterized by loss of UF, increased peritoneal thickness, inflammation, and ultimately, development of fibrosis. Resting produced advantages only in dialysate cell count; with regard to vascularity and dialysate cell count, NAC was more effective than was peritoneal rest. Interestingly, we observed no beneficial effects of NAC on fibrosis. That finding may be a result of our experimental severe peritoneal injury model. However, decreased inflammation and vascularity with NAC therapy were promising results in regard to membrane protection.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Wound Healing Activity of Propolis in Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Timucin ATAYOGLU ◽  
Sibel SILICI
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Infection can lead to delayed wound healing. Recently it has been shown that propolis which is used in complementary medicine has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to determine whether propolis may contribute to wound healing. Material and Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group1 and Group 2 were topically treated with propolis ointment and Thiocillin® oinment, respectively while Group 3 was the control group. On incision wound model, Thiocillin® and propolis ointments were applied on wound sites once daily for 30 days and the mean epidermal thickness (MET) at the 30th day was compared while antimicrobial activity of propolis was studied against different pathogens as well. Results: Propolis exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. It is observed that the MET in the groups of Propolis ointment and Thiocillin® ointment were significantly greater than that of the control group, while the MET in the group of propolis ointment was significantly greater than that of Thiocillin® ointment treated group. Conclusion: Propolis is effective in wound healing. Further study in-depth is necessary to probe into clinical correlation.

scholarly journals Body Weight and Platelet Count Changes in Zidovudine Administered Wistar Albino Rats Treated with Ethanolic Extracts of Annona muricata and Fagara zanthoxyloide

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ekere, Oghenekaro Uchechukwu ◽  
Ikpeama, Utomoibor Evelyn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Zidovudine administration either in single or fixed-dose combination usually results in a decrease in body weight and in some cases thrombocytopenia. The present study investigated the body weight and platelet count changes observed in zidovudine pre-administered Wistar albino rats on treatment with ethanolic extracts of the leaves Annona muricata (AM) and roots of Fagara zanthoxyloide (FZ). Plants samples were collected from Alakahia community, Rivers state and Opoo community, Ogun state; while Wistar albino rats were grouped into normal control, negative control (receiving zidovudine at 100 g/ml/Kg bw), AM and FZ extract treatment (at 4.5 and 3.8 g/ml/Kg B.W respectively) groups with analysis performed bi-weekly. All tests were performed using standard procedures with all reagents of analytic grade. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed significantly high amounts of alkaloids (10.47- 21.15 mg / 100 g), phenols (10.60-15.22 mg / 100 g) and tannins (14.23 - 50.19 mg / 100 g). The investigation into their proximate compositions also showed high fat (5.78 ± 0.02) in FZ, moisture (10.47 ± 0.05) in AM and fibre (7.37 ± 0.03) in FZ. The amino acid phenylalanine (5.10-6.01 g / 100 g), isoleucine (4.44-5.20 g / 100 g), lysine (4.03 -5.31 g / 100 g) was observed to be available in the extracts. In the normal control group body weight increased by 20.75 g at week 6 while administration of Zidovudine, resulted in a decreased in bodyweight by 1.14 g in week 2 and 3.32 g in week 6. Extract treatment caused a significant increase (p≤0.05) in body weight by 17.95g (AM) and 18.23g (FZ) at week 6. Platelet count was also observed to significantly decrease (p≤0.05) by 33.42% in the negative control group when compared to the normal control. This was observed to significant increases in extract treatment by 49.56% (AM) and 51.32% (FZ). The results thus suggest a possible beneficial effect of the extracts of AM and FZ in checkmating the weight and platelet loss observed as a side effect of zidovudine therapy as well as the possible use in haemorrhagic conditions to reduce bleeding without thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold with Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-Sized Bone Defect: A Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10900
Author(s):  
Abdulsamet Emet ◽  
Erdi Ozdemir ◽  
Duygu Uckan Cetinkaya ◽  
Emine Kilic ◽  
Ramin Hashemihesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

The high costs and extensive time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects are still major clinical concerns in orthopedic surgery; therefore, researchers continue to look for more cost and time-effective methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical-sized bone defects. Wistar albino rats (n = 30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. No scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with PRP and omentum + mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group), 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In addition, omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells +PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among the groups. After the use of a decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells was maintained, and new bone formation occurred. When compared to the control group, radiological healing was significantly better (p = 0.047) in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups. Furthermore, histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups than the control group (p = 0.001). The use of a decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of oral administration of peppermint and coriander extracts on cognition in Scopolamine induced rat model of amnesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4222-4226
Author(s):  
Jasira Sirajudheen ◽  
Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy ◽  
Mukkadan J K
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Peppermint Extract ◽  
Neuroprotective Actions ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Herbs and spices have been shown to be very effective in the management of the neurological disorders. They have neuroprotective actions that prevent the deterioration of the memory and other cognitive functions in the neurological diseases. Peppermint (menthe×piperita, also known as M. balsamea wild) is a hybrid mint, a cross between water mint and spearmint. Peppermint consists of several medicinal components and research was testified safety of consumption of the peppermint. The study compared the memory-boosting and regaining effects of oral administration of peppermint and coriander extracts. 36 male and female Wistar albino rats were assigned into three groups randomly that is control, coriander and peppermint groups, respectively. A control group (n=6) received neither peppermint nor coriander administered (milk was administered). Peppermint group (n=6) received peppermint extract. Coriander group (n=6) received coriander extract. Amnesia rat model was prepared by the administration of as intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine. The R-maze and T-maze tasks was conducted as mentioned in the literature. Mean trials of acquisition is significantly less (P<0.01) in the peppermint group. The number of mean trials of retention is significantly less (P<0.01) in the peppermint group. The mean trials for retention of the coriander group is significantly (P<0.05) less than the peppermint group. The study results support a positive impact of coriander and peppermint on cognition. The study recommends further detailed studies to support the administration of these extracts in the management of neurological diseases that deteriorates cognition.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment on the probable mechanisms underlying the hepatorenal toxicity of commercial imidacloprid and hexaflumuron formulations in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman I. Hassanen ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussien ◽  
Sally Mehanna ◽  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Neven H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract Pesticides are viewed as a major wellspring of ecological contamination and causing serious risky consequences for people and animals. Imidacloprid (IM) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are extensively utilized insect poisons for crop assurance on the planet. A few investigations examined IM harmfulness in rodents, but its exact mechanism hasn’t been mentioned previously as well as the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. For this reason, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism of each IM and HFM–evoked rat liver and kidney toxicity and to understand its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, as follows: group (1), normal saline; group (2), IM; and group (3), HFM. Both insecticides were orally administered every day for 28 days at a dose equal to 1/10 LD50 from the active ingredient. After 28 days postdosing, rats were anesthetized to collect blood samples then euthanized to collect liver and kidney tissue specimens. The results showed marked changes in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement with a significant reduction in rats’ body weight in both IM and HFM receiving groups. Significant increases in MDA levels and decrease of GHS levels were recorded in liver and kidney homogenates of either IM or HFM groups. Liver and kidney tissues obtained from both pesticide receiving groups showed extensive histopathological alterations with a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. In addition, there was upregulation of the transcript levels of casp-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong immunopositivity of casp-3, TNF-ὰ, and NF-KB protein expressions in the liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IM or HFM compared with the control group. In all studied parameters, HFM caused hepatorenal toxicity more than those induced by IM. We can conclude that each IM and HFM provoked liver and kidneys damage through overproduction of ROS, activation of NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Effect of Oral Administration of Turmeric and Nutmeg on Memory Boosting and Regaining in Wistar Albino Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Kumar ◽  
G Jissa ◽  
PV Setty ◽  
JK Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although a few drugs are available today for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many plants and their extracts are extensively employed in animal studies and AD patients, yet no substantial drug or plant extract is able to reverse the AD symptoms adequately. It is tangible that there has been augmenting need for such therapeutic intervention. The present study was undertaken with an objective to compare the memory boosting and regaining effects of oral administration of nutmeg and turmeric which are used commonly as spice in various dishes, as components of teas and soft drinks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 male and female wistar albino rats were used for this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups with 8 rats in each group. The influence of oral intake of nutmeg and turmeric extract on behavioral task performance was studied by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group was investigated. RESULTS: We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of nutmeg when administered orally when compared with control group..However, nutmeg is having strong memory regaining effect than turmeric. CONCLUSION: We conclude that nutmeg is having strong memory regaining effect than turmeric. However further pharmacological and biochemical investigations will clearly elucidate the mechanism of action and helpful in projecting these plant extracts as a therapeutic target in diabetes research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8765   Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 46-52

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extract of Vigna unguiculata Seedlings Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Kidney damage In Female Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olatunde A. Oseni ◽  
Ademola S. K. Idowu ◽  
Aminat Isah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Enzyme Markers

Doxorubicin is an anthracycline drug which is believed to cause immediate damage to myocardial cells by free radical generation in the cause of treatment of cancer. This study was however aimed to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of the seedlings of Vigna unguiculata on heart, kidney as well as lipid profile disorders caused by this drug on female Wistar albino rats. Fifteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 animals served as normal positive control; Group 2 animals served as negative control which were treated with 0.5mL of (20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin) while Group 3 animals were treated with 0.5mL each of 20mg/kg body weight doxorubicin and 10% aqueous extract of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata. Some enzyme markers and lipid contents were determined. The results of the study showed an increase in the activities of plasma ALP and AST after treatment with the drug except in the heart for AST which showed a significant reduction, while treatment with the extract brought about a decrease in the plasma and the organs except for kidney AST. The ALT on the other hand showed slight increase in the plasma with a decrease in the kidney and heart after treatment with the drug as the treatment with the extract tend to restore it to the control in both cases, there was increased plasma and kidney but reduced heart HDL-C after treatment with the drug which was observed to be restored to control after treatment with extract in both situations. The triglyceride and total cholesterol did not show similar trend in the plasma and the studied organs. The LDL-C was also observed to be increased in both plasma and organs after the treatment with the drug which later reduced significantly towards the control after the administration of the sprout extract. The present study has shown that the doxorubicin has damaging effects on both kidney and heart tissues while the sprouts extract produce a restoration to the normal in both organs.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the early term healing effects of resveratrol on corneal wounds in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032-1038
Author(s):  
Hatice Çilem PERÇİN ◽  
Zülfükar Kadir SARITAŞ
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Corneal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Corneal Wound ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Corneal Wounds

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resveratrol (RES) treatment on corneal wound healing. Randomly divided into 2 groups were 26-week-old male Wistar albino rats. Group 1 was the control group (C) and group 2 was the RES group. A 2–3-mm-long vertical incision was made centrally in the right cornea of each rat to the descemet membrane using loupe magnification (2.5X) and the wounds were sutured using 10/0 nylon material. In the RES group, the rats were fed 30 mg/kg/day RES via oral gavage; the C and RES groups were provided food and water ad libitum for only 11 days. The matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and antioxidant status (AOS) were measured. On day 11, the rats were euthanized and examined histologically. The score of 3 for connective tissue proliferation, in both the C and RES groups, indicated rates of 11.1% and 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). The score of 3 for inflammatory cell reaction, in both the C and RES groups, indicated rates of 11.1% and 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). The MDA results were as follows: days 0 and 11, 1.61 ± 0.316 and 2.854 ± 0.572 for the C and RES groups, respectively. The increase in group C was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The MMP-9 level was 1.115 ± 0.197 and 2.842 ± 0.368, respectively, in the 2 groups. The increase in the RES group was statistically significant (P < 0.01). According to the AOS, the intergroup difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). As a result, RES inhibited vascularization of the corneal wound and retained the transparency of the corneal tissue. It is therefore suggested that extended studies and follow-up times are needed to better evaluate the outcomes of RES on the healing corneal wounds.

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