scholarly journals Peak nasal inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow. Upright and sitting values in an adult population

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ottaviano ◽  
Glenis K. Scadding ◽  
Valentina Iacono ◽  
Bruno Scarpa ◽  
Alessandro Martini ◽  
...  

Background: Nasal obstruction is correlated with a decreased quality of life . An easy way to evaluate nasal patency is the peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurement. Normal PNIF values have been published by many authors. However, some authors evaluated volunteers in a sitting position, while others have measured PNIF values in standing volunteers. Body position has been shown to influence pulmonary function, with differences between sitting and upright positions. As nasal and pulmonary flows are strictly related, the present pilot study tried to establish whether PNIF/PEF changed with body position in adults. Methodology: PNIF and PEF were measured in sitting and standing positions with the order of testing randomized in 76 healthy volunteers, 30 male (40 ± 16 years). Results: In the group as a whole between sitting and upright position, PEF was significantly different (p=0.009), while PNIF showed a trend towards a significant difference (p=0.10). Conclusions: The present study, although showing a generally positive effect of the standing position on PEF values, does not show a clear effect on PNIF.

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110155
Author(s):  
Anna Dor-Wojnarowska ◽  
Anna Radlińska ◽  
Marek Rabski ◽  
Andrzej Fal ◽  
Jerzy Liebhart ◽  
...  

Objectives Peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurement is an inexpensive and user-friendly method to assess nasal patency. However, the repeatability of PNIF measurements, as well as the threshold value of a change in PNIF, which can be considered significant remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the repeatability of PNIF measurements and the change in PNIF after the administration of 0.05% oxymetazoline. Methods Repeated measurements of PNIF (Clement Clarke In-Check nasal inspiratory flow meter; Clement Clarke International, Ltd, Harlow, Essex, UK) were obtained in 333 healthy volunteers (174 women). Based on age, participants were categorized into three groups (6–7 years, 13–14 years, and 20–45 years). We obtained five measurements in each participant. PNIF was remeasured in 294 subjects 30 min after administration of 0.05% oxymetazoline. The variability in PNIF measurements was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV = standard deviation × 100%/mean). Results The first four PNIF measurements significantly differed from each other. The difference in PNIF measurements ceased to be statistically significant only between the fourth and fifth measurements (p = 0.19). PNIF repeatability was acceptable; the median CV was 15.5% (0–66), which did not significantly differ between age groups. The administration of 0.05% oxymetazoline led to a statistically significant increase in the PNIF value by 14.3% (−45, 157%) (p = 0.000000). Conclusions 1. No statistically significant difference was observed in PNIF values only between the fourth and fifth measurements; therefore, at least three measurements are essential to draw meaningful conclusions. 2. PNIF measurements were satisfactorily characterized by a relatively low CV (15%). 3. The administration of 0.05% oxymetazoline led to an increase in PNIF by approximately 14% over the baseline value.


2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
G. Marioni ◽  
G. Ottaviano ◽  
A. Staffieri ◽  
M. Zaccaria ◽  
V.J. Lund ◽  
...  

Statement of problem: The respiratory nasal effects of physical exercise have been extensively investigated; on the other hand there are no data regarding olfactory threshold modification after aerobic physical exercise. Methods: The present prospective study investigated the modifications in nasal respiratory flows and olfactory thresholds after controlled aerobic physical exercise in a cohort of 15 adult, healthy volunteers. The Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), and the Sniffin’ Sticks olfactory threshold test were used for our determinations. Main results: The mean PNIF after physical exercise was significantly higher than the mean PNIF value found before physical exercise. Statistical analysis ruled out any significant difference between mean olfactory thresholds pre vs post physical exercise. Principal conclusions: These outcomes confirmed PNIF sensitivity and reliability also in determining the changes in nasal patency occurring after physical exercise. The active vasoconstriction of nasal mucosa associated with the reduction of blood flow to the olfactory epithelium due to physical exercise may be compensated for by the increase of olfactory molecules that reach the olfactory mucosa because of nasal mucosal shrinkage: this mechanism could explain the stability of mean olfactory threshold after physical exercise.


Author(s):  
Antonín Vaculík

Caraway has very low competitive ability against most of weed species. Therefore, it is important to choose a suitable herbicide control, especially at biennial caraway. The experiments with the herbicides applied in caraway were found in pure growth, with variety Kepron (with standard length of ve­ge­ta­ti­ve period). The aim of the trials was to find out the differences at achenes yiled and essential oil content after the treatment by the various herbicides, applied preemergently. Also, the selective ac­ti­vi­ty of individual herbicides was tested, including the different doses. The herbicides used in the ex­pe­ri­ments had enough level of selektivity on the plants of caraway. They had a positive effect on the yiled comparing to non-treated control variant in all observed years. There was no statistically significant difference in essential oil kontent between the treated variants and non-treated control. On the basis of these results, the most suitable herbicide was chosen for the „minor“ registration for caraway.


2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
La Karimuna ◽  
Safitri Safitri ◽  
La Ode Sabaruddin

Effects of crop arrangement and cutting on the silages quality of two varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)ABSTRACT. The objective of this experiment was to study the interaction effect of varieties, spacing and cutting on the quality of silage as foodstuff. The experiment had been conducted from January to April, 2007 at the experimental Garden of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Haluoleo. This experiment was arranged in Split-Split plot design with three factors. The first factor was variety as main plot, consisting of BISI-2 variety and local variety; the second factor was space arrangement as sub plot, consisting of 60 cm x 40 cm (J1), 75 cm x 40 cm (J2), 90 cm x 40 cm (J3), the third factor was cutting period as sub plot, consisting of no cutting (Po), cutting on 40 days (P1), and cutting on 55 days (P2). So that there were 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 54 experimental units. Analysis of variance was applied to know the effect of treatment. If so, least significant difference (LSD) 0.05 (95 %) confidence level was used. Variables observed was plant growth determining silages quality, consisting of quality of crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and water. Results of research revealed that interaction affect of spacing and cutting periods on 40 days of BISI-2 variety gave the best yield of plant growth for plant height. While the local variety tended to adverse effect of cutting. However, the quality of silages of two varieties tended to be similar. Every crop spacing had a positive effect of cutting on 40 days. The best quality of silages of two varieties was resulted from the interaction between spacing 75 cm x 40 cm and cutting of 40 days.


2021 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
G. Ogar ◽  
A. Shevchenko

Purpose: to develop and experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the methodology for teaching the basic technique of free-style wrestling in combination with physical training. Material and methods. The study involved 16 young athletes, 8-9 years old, a group of initial training, the first year of training, who were engaged in the department of free-style wrestling KZ «KDYUSSH №4» in Kharkov. The boys were divided into two equal groups (experimental and control), according to the results of testing the level of development of physical abilities (p>0,05). An experimental methodology of basic technical training for young freestyle wrestlers of the initial level of training was developed, which consisted not only of means and methods of teaching certain elements of wrestling techniques, but also a large number of preparatory, special exercises, games and game tasks, different in coordination complexity. It was on the basis of versatile coordination training, which was solved mainly by the game method, that the experimental methodology of the basic technical training of young athletes was built. Research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological sources; generalization of the practical experience of practitioners; pedagogical observations; pedagogical experiment; pedagogical testing; method of expert assessments; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the advantage of young wrestlers in the experimental group was determined by almost all the studied indicators. A regularity was noticed, with an increase in the complexity of the exercise, the difference in the quality of its fulfillment by young wrestlers from the experimental and control groups increased. In special exercises, these are running to the subdominant side (t=6,20; p˂0,001), and throwing off the legs from the passage (t=3,27; p˂0,01), in the study of the quality of performing techniques in the stalls - a coup coasting (t=3,33; p˂0,01) in the study of technical readiness in a standing position - an incline throw with a hold of the legs (t=3,68; p˂0,01) knocking down with a hold of the legs (t=3,24; p˂0,01), as well as maneuvering (t=3,37; p˂0,01). There was no significant difference in the quality of performance of technical actions between the experimental and control groups, only in four of the sixteen studied indicators (p>0,05). Conclusions. The effectiveness of the experimental methodology of basic technical training of young wrestlers, used in the group of initial training, has been proved. According to most of the studied indicators, the advantage of young wrestlers in the experimental group was determined (p˂0,05-p˂0,001). The following tendency is observed, with an increase in the coordination complexity of the studied technical actions or movements, the probability of differences between the quality of this action fulfillment by young athletes of the experimental and control groups increases, in favor of the former. Only in simpler, in terms of coordination structure, movements, the advantages of the experimental group under study, confirmed by mathematical calculations, were not revealed (p˂0,05). Keywords: freestyle wrestling, young wrestlers, initial training groups, basic technical training, coordination development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Ottaviano ◽  
Alfonso Luca Pendolino ◽  
Ennio Nardello ◽  
Pietro Maculan ◽  
Alessandro Martini ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Nikolovski ◽  
Ljupco Mickov ◽  
Monika Dovenska ◽  
Vladimir Petkov ◽  
Branko Atanasov ◽  
...  

Abstract Motility patterns of spermatozoa are an indicator of their fertilizing capacity. Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to induce positive effects on the biological quality of the frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GSH addition to semen extender based on the following kinetic parameters: continuous line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), linearity (LIN), straightness (STR), beat cross frequency (BCF), total motility (tMOT) and progressive motility (pMOT), and to appoint them as indicators of its presence. A soybean-based extender was used for dilution of the semen samples, fractioned in two parts, one containing GSH (5 mMol/ml) and second without GSH. The ejaculates (n=48) were collected from two rams (January - May, 2013) which were classified in two groups according to the used extender: Group 1 (with GSH, n=24) and Group 2 (without GSH, n=24), and then frozen in liquid nitrogen on -196°C degrees in a programmable freezer. Assessment of the samples has been performed post-thawing (30 sec. at 37°C) on CASA equipment, acquiring kinetic parameters. Results showed that only VSL and BCF have a statistically significant difference between group1 and group 2 (102.98±15.13 vs. 88.47±20.63, t=2.77, p<0.01 and 32.01±2.68 vs. 89.47±2.92, t=3.13, p<0.01, respectively). The summary of the investigation concludes that none of the kinetic parameters could be appointed as indicators that confer the positive effect of GSH as an additive to soy-bean semen extender.


2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 2665-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tsounis ◽  
Karin M. A. Swart ◽  
Christos Georgalas ◽  
Konstantinos Markou ◽  
Dirk J. Menger

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