Exogenous Protein as an Environmental Stimulus of Biofilm Formation in Select Bacterial Strains

ABSTRACTA screening of environmental conditions that would elicit robust biofilm in a collection ofSerratia marcescensisolated from soil revealed that exogenous milk protein increased biofilm productivity up to ten-fold. A select screening of fish pathogens, freshwater and human isolates identified several other species that responded similarly to exogenous protein. The optimal protein concentration was species specific;S. marcescensat 5% milk protein,Aeromonassp. at 2-3%,Flavobacterium columnareat 1% andPseudomonas aeruginosaat 0.1-0.4%. Media supplemented with milk protein also increased the cell counts in biofilm as well as the protein incorporated into the biofilm matrix. These data suggest that relatively high concentrations of exogenous protein may serve as an environmental trigger for biofilm formation, particularly for pathogenic bacteria exposed to relatively high concentrations of protein in bodily fluids and mucosal surfaces.

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Bond Strengthening in Oral Bacterial Adhesion to Salivary Conditioning Films

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01119-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (17) ◽

pp. 5511-5515 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Henny C. van der Mei ◽

Minie Rustema-Abbing ◽

Joop de Vries ◽

Henk J. Busscher

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Adhesion Forces ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Bacterial Interactions ◽

Initial Adhesion ◽

Conditioning Film ◽

Interacting Surfaces ◽

Conditioning Films

ABSTRACT Transition from reversible to irreversible bacterial adhesion is a highly relevant but poorly understood step in initial biofilm formation. We hypothesize that in oral biofilm formation, irreversible adhesion is caused by bond strengthening due to specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films. Here, we compared the initial adhesion of six oral bacterial strains to salivary conditioning films with their adhesion to a bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating and related their adhesion to the strengthening of the binding forces measured with bacteria-coated atomic force microscopy cantilevers. All strains adhered in higher numbers to salivary conditioning films than to BSA coatings, and specific bacterial interactions with salivary conditioning films were accompanied by stronger initial adhesion forces. Bond strengthening occurred on a time scale of several tens of seconds and was slower for actinomyces than for streptococci. Nonspecific interactions between bacteria and BSA coatings strengthened twofold faster than their specific interactions with salivary conditioning films, likely because specific interactions require a closer approach of interacting surfaces with the removal of interfacial water and a more extensive rearrangement of surface structures. After bond strengthening, bacterial adhesion forces with a salivary conditioning film remained stronger than those with BSA coatings.

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THE INFLUENCE OF NANO-SILVER ON FORMATION OF MICROBIAL BIOFILMS IN CASES OF TRAUMATIC LESION OF THE AUXILIARY APPARATUS OF THE EYE

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Oksana Petrenko ◽

Maryna Dranko ◽

Victoriia Holubnycha ◽

Larysa Hrytsai

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Silver Concentration ◽

Ionic Form ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Nano Silver ◽

Traumatic Lesion ◽

Traumatic Lesions ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Colloid Silver

Pyoinflammatory complications remain an acute problem in the post-operative period of traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye (AAE). Silver both in the ionic form and in composition of chemical compounds is highly toxic for microorganisms, and as a result, it shows bactericidal effect to many bacterial strains, including gram-negative microorganisms. The peculiarity of AgNPs is efficiency of influence on the wide array of microorganisms, significant anti-biofilm effect and absence of resistance reaction. The aim of the research. To study the influence of the colloidal nano silver on formation of biofilms by microorganisms discharged from the wounds of patients with traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. Materials and methods. During 2018-2019, we examined 60 patients with traumatic lesions of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye. For evaluation of the influence of colloid nano silver solution on the processes of formation of the biofilm, we selected microorganisms which were cultured most frequently (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella ozenae) from the patients. Results. The obtained data suggest that colloid nano silver inhibits efficiently formation of biofilms at the early stages (initiation, the 0 day of incubation) of their formation by all the three microorganisms, and the degree of inhibition of the biofilm formation did not depend on the silver concentration. The effect of colloid silver in the concentrations used by us at later stages of biofilm formation (the 3rd and the 7th day) with respect to К. ozenae is less efficient – the growth of cell biomass was observed (p≤0.05), and it did not depend on the silver concentration. At the same time, the effect of the colloid nano silver on S. aureus and Acinetobacter spp. on the 3rd and the 7th days was more efficient than at the early stage (p≤0.05). Conclusions. Nanoparticles of colloid silver are an efficient means to combat biofilms, as well as to prevent their formation.

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The Interaction of N-Acetylcysteine and Serum Transferrin Promotes Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000487566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 1399-1409 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Supeng Yin ◽

Bei Jiang ◽

Guangtao Huang ◽

Yulong Zhang ◽

Bo You ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Venous Catheter ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Bacterial Strains

Background/Aims: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a novel and promising agent with activity against bacterial biofilms. Human serum also inhibits biofilm formation by some bacteria. We tested whether the combination of NAC and human serum offers greater anti-biofilm activity than either agent alone. Methods: Microtiter plate assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of NAC and human serum. qPCR was used to examine expression of selected biofilm-associated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidants GSH or ascorbic acid were used to replace NAC, and human transferrin, lactoferrin, or bovine serum albumin were used to replace serum proteins in biofilm formation assays. A rat central venous catheter model was developed to evaluate the effect of NAC on biofilm formation in vivo. Results: NAC and serum together increased biofilm formation by seven different bacterial strains. In Staphylococcus aureus, expression of genes for some global regulators and for genes in the ica-dependent pathway increased markedly. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transcription of las, the PQS quorum sensing (QS) systems, and the two-component system GacS/GacA increased significantly. ECM production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was also enhanced. The potentiation of biofilm formation is due mainly to interaction between NAC and transferrin. Intravenous administration of NAC increased colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on implanted catheters. Conclusions: NAC used intravenously or in the presence of blood increases bacterial biofilm formation rather than inhibits it.

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Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080989 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 989

Author(s):

Tereza Stachurová ◽

Kateřina Malachová ◽

Jaroslav Semerád ◽

Meta Sterniša ◽

Zuzana Rybková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Sedimentation Tank

The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilm-related bacterial properties were characterized by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and motility tests. The relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetM, tetO, tetA and tetB) in wastewaters were subsequently quantified using qPCR. The results show that the isolates from the nitrification tank produce biofilm with up to 10 times greater intensity relative to the isolates from the sedimentation tank. In isolates of Aeromonas sp. from the nitrification tank, increased biofilm production in the occurrence of tetracycline from a concentration of 0.03125 µg/mL was observed. The tetW gene showed the highest relative abundance out of all the tested genes. From the sampling points, its abundance was the highest in the sedimentation tank of the WWTP. Based on these results, it can be assumed that resistant bacteria are able to form a biofilm and sub-inhibitory tetracycline concentrations induce biofilm formation. WWTPs thus represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and contribute to the spread of resistance in the natural environment.

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Phenol Removal Capacity of the Common Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) and Six Phenol-Resistant Bacterial Strains From Its Rhizosphere: In Vitro Evaluation at High Phenol Concentrations

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 599

Author(s):

Olga Radulović ◽

Slaviša Stanković ◽

Branka Uzelac ◽

Vojin Tadić ◽

Milana Trifunović-Momčilov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Control Group ◽

Phenol Removal ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

The Common ◽

The One

The main topic of this study is the bioremediation potential of the common duckweed, Lemna minor L., and selected rhizospheric bacterial strains in removing phenol from aqueous environments at extremely high initial phenol concentrations. To that end, fluorescence microscopy, MIC tests, biofilm formation, the phenol removal test (4-AAP method), the Salkowski essay, and studies of multiplication rates of sterile and inoculated duckweed in MS medium with phenol (200, 500, 750, and 1000 mg L−1) were conducted. Out of seven bacterial strains, six were identified as epiphytes or endophytes that efficiently removed phenol. The phenol removal experiment showed that the bacteria/duckweed system was more efficient during the first 24 h compared to the sterile duckweed control group. At the end of this experiment, almost 90% of the initial phenol concentration was removed by both groups, respectively. The bacteria stimulated the duckweed multiplication even at a high bacterial population density (>105 CFU mL−1) over a prolonged period of time (14 days). All bacterial strains were sensitive to all the applied antibiotics and formed biofilms in vitro. The dual bacteria/duckweed system, especially the one containing strain 43-Hafnia paralvei C32-106/3, Accession No. MF526939, had a number of characteristics that are advantageous in bioremediation, such as high phenol removal efficiency, biofilm formation, safety (antibiotic sensitivity), and stimulation of duckweed multiplication.

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Aryl Rhodanines Specifically Inhibit Staphylococcal and Enterococcal Biofilm Formation

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00077-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 4357-4367 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Timothy J. Opperman ◽

Steven M. Kwasny ◽

John D. Williams ◽

Atiyya R. Khan ◽

Norton P. Peet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antibiofilm Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Artificial Surfaces ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the leading causative agents of indwelling medical device infections because of their ability to form biofilms on artificial surfaces. Here we describe the antibiofilm activity of a class of small molecules, the aryl rhodanines, which specifically inhibit biofilm formation of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum but not the gram-negative species Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. The aryl rhodanines do not exhibit antibacterial activity against any of the bacterial strains tested and are not cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Preliminary mechanism-of-action studies revealed that the aryl rhodanines specifically inhibit the early stages of biofilm development by preventing attachment of the bacteria to surfaces.

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Characterization of two LuxI/R homologs in Pantoea ananatis LMG 2665T

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/cjm-2016-0143 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 (11) ◽

pp. 893-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Siphathele Sibanda ◽

Jacques Theron ◽

Divine Y. Shyntum ◽

Lucy N. Moleleki ◽

Teresa A. Coutinho

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Pantoea Ananatis ◽

Ecological Fitness ◽

Host Interactions

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the regulation of bacteria–host interactions and ecological fitness in many bacteria. In this study, 2 luxI/R homologs, namely eanI/eanR and rhlI/rhlR, were identified in the genome sequence of Pantoea ananatis LMG 2665T. To determine a role for these luxI/R homologs in pathogenicity and biofilm formation, mutant bacterial strains lacking either eanI/R or rhlI/R and both of these homologs were generated. The results indicated that both the RhlI/R and EanI/R systems are required for pathogenicity and biofilm formation in strain LMG 2665T. This is the first study to characterize the biological significance of the RhlI/R QS system in P. ananatis.

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Biofilm formation and interactions of bacterial strains found in wastewater treatment systems

FEMS Microbiology Letters ◽

10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01149.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 283 (1) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Sofia Andersson ◽

Gunaratna Kuttuva Rajarao ◽

Carl Johan Land ◽

Gunnel Dalhammar

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

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Biofilm Formation Reduction by Eugenol and Thymol on Biodegradable Food Packaging Material

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11010002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Pavel Pleva ◽

Lucie Bartošová ◽

Daniela Máčalová ◽

Ludmila Zálešáková ◽

Jana Sedlaříková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Quality ◽

Polymer Films ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Active Food Packaging ◽

Materials Used

Biofilm is a structured community of microorganisms adhering to surfaces of various polymeric materials used in food packaging. Microbes in the biofilm may affect food quality. However, the presence of biofilm can ensure biodegradation of discarded packaging. This work aims to evaluate a biofilm formation on the selected biodegradable polymer films: poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) by selected bacterial strains; collection strains of Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcusaureus; and Bacillus pumilus, Bacillussubtilis, Bacillustequilensis, and Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia isolated from dairy products. Three different methods for biofilm evaluation were performed: the Christensen method, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and fluorescence microscopy. High biofilm formation was confirmed on the control PBS film, whereas low biofilm formation ability was observed on the PLA polymer sample. Furthermore, the films with incorporated antimicrobial compounds (thymol or eugenol) were also prepared. Antimicrobial activity and also reduction in biofilm formation on enriched polymer films were determined. Therefore, they were all proved to be antimicrobial and effective in reducing biofilm formation. These films can be used to prepare novel active food packaging for the dairy industry to prevent biofilm formation and enhance food quality and safety in the future.

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