scholarly journals Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cardiovascular Toxicity Related to Anti-Cancer Treatment in Clinical Practice: An Opinion Paper from the Working Group on Cardio-Oncology of the Korean Society of Echocardiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyungseop Kim ◽  
Woo-Baek Chung ◽  
Kyoung Im Cho ◽  
Bong-Joon Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sook Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Anti Cancer

Adoption of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical practice for older patients receiving active anticancer treatment: Impact on health-related quality of life (QoL).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24014-e24014
Author(s):  
Clizia Zichi ◽  
Elisa Sperti ◽  
Donatella Marino ◽  
Gaetano Lacidogna ◽  
Francesca Vignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

e24014 Background: PROs are the gold standard to describe subjective symptoms. In order to improve clinical management of outpatients receiving active anti-cancer treatment at Medical Oncology, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy, in January 2018 we introduced in routine clinical practice an assessment of patient-reported symptoms and toxicities. We demonstrated that use of PROs in clinical practice was associated with a significant QoL improvement, compared to the traditional visit (Baratelli, Support Care Cancer 2019). In this secondary analysis, we show the results obtained in older pts ( > 70yrs). Methods: Eligible pts were receiving an active anti-cancer treatment, as outpatients. Pts treated in 2017 underwent “usual” visits (group A), while pts treated in 2018 before each visit received a paper questionnaire by a dedicated nurse, in order to provide information about symptoms and toxicities to be discussed during visit (group B). Primary objective was the comparison of QoL changes, measured by EORTC QLQ-C30. Results: Out of 211 pts, 88 were older than 70 yrs (47 group A, 41 group B). Median age was 76 (70-84 yrs). Most common tumors were colorectal (25.0%), lung (22.7%) and pancreatic (17.0%). 68.2% were receiving first-line treatment. Tumors and setting were similar between group A and B. Younger and older pts had comparable baseline QoL scores: mean global QoL score was 59.96 in younger pts vs. 57.39 in older pts. After 1 month, global QoL of older pts was significantly improved in group B compared to group A: mean change from baseline was -0.89 group A vs. +4.47 group B (p = 0.006, effect size 0.23). There were statistically significant differences in mean changes from baseline, in favor of group B, for role functioning (-5.67 group A and -0.81 group B, p = 0.034, effect size 0.20) and emotional functioning (-2.30 group A and +3.25 group B, p = 0.014, effect size 0.36). Mean changes from baseline for pain were significantly better for group B (-3.25) than group A (+6.03, p = 0.01, effect size 0.43). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of other functional scales or symptoms. There was no significant heterogeneity in the proportion of QoL responders between younger and older pts (p = 0.60). The proportion of older pts obtaining a clinically significant improvement in global QoL was numerically higher in group B (36.6%) compared to group A (19.1%, p = 0.09). Odds Ratio of obtaining an improvement in global QoL for group B vs group A was 1.73 (95%CI 0.75 – 3.99) in younger pts and 2.44 (95%CI 0.93 – 6.40) in older pts. Conclusions: This secondary analysis shows that the use of PROs in clinical practice, thanks to an active role of nurses and discussion of symptoms with physicians during the visit, is associated, also in older patients receiving active anticancer treatment, with a significant improvement in global QoL.

The Application of the Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Solutions in Cancer Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayun Yan ◽  
Jonathan H. Sherman ◽  
Michael Keidar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
The Common

Background: Over the past five years, the cold atmospheric plasma-activated solutions (PAS) have shown their promissing application in cancer treatment. Similar as the common direct cold plasma treatment, PAS shows a selective anti-cancer capacity in vitro and in vivo. However, different from the direct cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment, PAS can be stored for a long time and can be used without dependence on a CAP device. The research on PAS is gradually becoming a hot topic in plasma medicine. Objectives: In this review, we gave a concise but comprehensive summary on key topics about PAS including the development, current status, as well as the main conclusions about the anti-cancer mechanism achieved in past years. The approaches to make strong and stable PAS are also summarized.

scholarly journals Delivery of melittin-loaded niosomes for breast cancer treatment: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-cancer effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam ◽  
Iman Akbarzadeh ◽  
Ehsan Marzbankia ◽  
Mahsa Farid ◽  
Leila khaledi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract Background Melittin, a peptide component of honey bee venom, is an appealing candidate for cancer therapy. In the current study, melittin, melittin-loaded niosome, and empty niosome had been optimized and the anticancer effect assessed in vitro on 4T1 and SKBR3 breast cell lines and in vivo on BALB/C inbred mice. "Thin-layer hydration method" was used for preparing the niosomes; different niosomal formulations of melittin were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology, size, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics, and stability. A niosome was formulated and loaded with melittin as a promising drug carrier system for chemotherapy of the breast cancer cells. Hemolysis, apoptosis, cell cytotoxicity, invasion and migration of selected concentrations of melittin, and melittin-loaded niosome were evaluated on 4T1 and SKBR3 cells using hemolytic activity assay, flow cytometry, MTT assay, soft agar colony assay, and wound healing assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression. 40 BALB/c inbred mice were used; then, the histopathology, P53 immunohistochemical assay and estimate of renal and liver enzyme activity for all groups had been done. Results This study showed melittin-loaded niosome is an excellent substitute in breast cancer treatment due to enhanced targeting, encapsulation efficiency, PDI, and release rate and shows a high anticancer effect on cell lines. The melittin-loaded niosome affects the genes expression by studied cells were higher than other samples; down-regulates the expression of Bcl2, MMP2, and MMP9 genes while they up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase3 and Caspase9 genes. They have also enhanced the apoptosis rate and inhibited cell migration, invasion in both cell lines compared to the melittin samples. Results of histopathology showed reduce mitosis index, invasion and pleomorphism in melittin-loaded niosome. Renal and hepatic biomarker activity did not significantly differ in melittin-loaded niosome and melittin compared to healthy control. In immunohistochemistry, P53 expression did not show a significant change in all groups. Conclusions Our study successfully declares that melittin-loaded niosome had more anti-cancer effects than free melittin. This project has demonstrated that niosomes are suitable vesicle carriers for melittin, compare to the free form.

scholarly journals P9 A study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer patients: an international, multicentre, observational cohort study (COVIDPaedsCancer)

BJS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Soham Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Paediatric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Childhood cancers are a leading cause of non-communicable disease deaths for paediatric patients around the world. The COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted on global children’s cancer services, which can have consequences for childhood cancer outcomes. The Global Health Research Group on Children’s Non-Communicable Diseases (Global Children’s NCDs) is currently undertaking the first international study to determine the variation in paediatric cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the short to medium term impacts on childhood cancer outcomes. Methods and analysis This is a multicentre, international, cohort study that will use routinely collected hospital data in a de-identified and anonymised form. Patients will be recruited consecutively into the study, with a 12 -month follow-up period. Patients will be included if they are below the age of 18 years and undergoing anti-cancer treatment for the following cancers: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms Tumour, Sarcoma, Retinoblastoma, Gliomas, Medulloblastomas and Neuroblastomas. Patients must be newly presented or be undergoing active anti-cancer treatment from the 12th March 2020 to the 12th December 2020. The primary objective of the study is to determine 30- and 90-day all-cause mortality rates. This study will examine the factors that influenced these outcomes. Chi-squared analysis will be used to compare mortality between low and middle-income countries and high-income countries. Multilevel, multivariate logistic regression analysis will be undertaken to identify patient-level and hospital-level factors affecting outcomes with adjustment for confounding factors. Ethics and dissemination At the host centre, this study was deemed to be exempt from ethical committee approval due to the use of anonymised registry data. At other centres, participating collaborators have gained local approvals in accordance with their institutional ethical regulations. Collaborators will be encouraged to present the results locally, nationally, and internationally. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer reviewed journal.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

scholarly journals Metformin induces Ferroptosis by inhibiting UFMylation of SLC7A11 in breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Yang ◽  
Yulu Zhou ◽  
Shuduo Xie ◽  
Ji Wang ◽  
Zhaoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
Approved Drugs

Abstract Background Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxidation and is involved in various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. Targeting ferroptosis is considered to be a novel anti-cancer strategy. The identification of FDA-approved drugs as ferroptosis inducers is proposed to be a new promising approach for cancer treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence indicating the potential efficacy of the anti-diabetic metformin as an anti-cancer agent, the exact mechanism underlying this efficacy has not yet been fully elucidated. Methods The UFMylation of SLC7A11 is detected by immunoprecipitation and the expression of UFM1 and SLC7A11 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The level of ferroptosis is determined by the level of free iron, total/lipid Ros and GSH in the cells and the morphological changes of mitochondria are observed by transmission electron microscope. The mechanism in vivo was verified by in situ implantation tumor model in nude mice. Results Metformin induces ferroptosis in an AMPK-independent manner to suppress tumor growth. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that metformin increases the intracellular Fe2+ and lipid ROS levels. Specifically, metformin reduces the protein stability of SLC7A11, which is a critical ferroptosis regulator, by inhibiting its UFMylation process. Furthermore, metformin combined with sulfasalazine, the system xc− inhibitor, can work in a synergistic manner to induce ferroptosis and inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate that the ability of metformin to induce ferroptosis may be a novel mechanism underlying its anti-cancer effect. In addition, we identified SLC7A11 as a new UFMylation substrate and found that targeting the UFM1/SLC7A11 pathway could be a promising cancer treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Celecoxib Analogues for Cancer Treatment: An Update on OSU-03012 and 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Cyril Sobolewski ◽  
Noémie Legrand
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Catalytic Site ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Enzyme ◽  
Specific Inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important enzyme involved in prostaglandins biosynthesis from arachidonic acid. COX-2 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and plays a major tumor promoting function. Accordingly, many efforts have been devoted to efficiently target the catalytic site of this enzyme in cancer cells, by using COX-2 specific inhibitors such as celecoxib. However, despite their potent anti-tumor properties, the myriad of detrimental effects associated to the chronic inhibition of COX-2 in healthy tissues, has considerably limited their use in clinic. In addition, increasing evidence indicate that these anti-cancerous properties are not strictly dependent on the inhibition of the catalytic site. These findings have led to the development of non-active COX-2 inhibitors analogues aiming at preserving the antitumor effects of COX-2 inhibitors without their side effects. Among them, two celecoxib derivatives, 2,5-Dimethyl-Celecoxib and OSU-03012, have been developed and suggested for the treatment of viral (e.g., recently SARS-CoV-2), inflammatory, metabolic diseases and cancers. These molecules display stronger anti-tumor properties than celecoxib and thus may represent promising anti-cancer molecules. In this review, we discuss the impact of these two analogues on cancerous processes but also their potential for cancer treatment alone or in combination with existing approaches.

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