Can Life Expectancies Be Used to Determine if Health Promotion Works?

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuella Adrian ◽  
Neville Layne ◽  
Joan Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Relative Impact ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The goal of this study was to develop a method to measure the impact and cost-effectiveness of health promotion. Design. Age- and sex-specific changes in life expectancy in Canada between 1970 to 1972 and 1985 to 1987, after the introduction of national health insurance (1970) and health promotion (1975), are used to assess the impact due to biological hardiness, improvements in the health care field, and the effects of health promotion. Subjects. The subjects were the total male and female population of Canada between the years 1970 to 1972 and 1985 to 1987. Measures. Life expectancy by years of age by sex was the measurement used. Results. A method is presented that allows the calculation of the differential effects of health promotion, heath care, and biological hardiness on changes in life expectancy based on sequential subtraction of life expectancies for one-year age cohorts over a 15-year period. Results were obtained for each year of age for men and women, showing gender and age differences in the relative impact of the three factors. In this illustrative example using Canadian data, health promotion was found to have less impact on longevity than health care or biological hardiness. However, of the three, health promotion was the most cost-effective. Conclusion. This method can be used to quantify changes in life span due to health promotion, health care, and biological hardiness for men and women at each year of age and to relate this to health expenditures for the whole population. The method is limited in that it cannot determine the relative impact of other factors that can affect life expectancy such as environmental changes or social trends.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

Infectious Diseases as a Factor Influencing Demography. Historical and Medical Aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kaspruk
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Medical Aspect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improving Health Care

Taking into consideration the forecasts that infectious diseases will pose a significant risk of increasing mortality, as well as shortening life expectancy in the next period of time, an assessment of the impact of infectious diseases on demography in the historical and medical aspect allows us to confirm the existence of uniform combinations in creating a counter-strategy for improving health care. There is no doubt about the historical priority of preventive measures. In this sense, the scoring of infections according to the rating of ''demographic tension'' fully admits the possibility of identifying a vector for improving the work on combating infectious diseases.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP KELUARGA BARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 052-057
Author(s):  
Sri Sumiati
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
New Family ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Impact

A family is a small unite of society that hold an important role as nation asset.The quality family can be reached by doing a set of good planning. A family needsknowledge about a quality family. One of the approaches that can improve the society’swillingness to maintan of healthy is that by doing health promotion by using leafletmedia. This research aims to know the impact of health promotion toward theknowledge, behaviour, and the action taken by new family to reach a quality family. Thisresearch used quasi experimental by planning of non-equivalent control group design.The samples were the men and women that have just married that were 44 persons. Thefinding of the research showed that there were any impacts of health promotion by usingleaflet media toward the knowledge and the action of new family in reaching a qualityfamily. Therefore, there is a need to increase health promotion using leaflet media, so itcan improve the knowledge and the behaviour of the society about the quality family sothey can make it.

Health Care Public Sector Share and the U.S. Life Expectancy Lag: A Country-level Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Political ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Political Economy Of Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Growing research on the political economy of health has begun to emphasize sociopolitical influences on cross-national differences in population health above and beyond economic growth. While this research investigates the impact of overall public health spending as a share of GDP (“health care effort”), it has for the most part overlooked the distribution of health care spending across the public and private spheres (“public sector share”). I evaluate the relative contributions of health care effort, public sector share, and GDP to the large and growing disadvantage in U.S. life expectancy at birth relative to peer nations. I do so using fixed effects models with data from 16 wealthy democratic nations between 1960 and 2010. Results indicate that public sector share has a beneficial effect on longevity net of the effect of health care effort and that this effect is nonlinear, decreasing in magnitude as levels rise. Moreover, public sector share is a more powerful predictor of life expectancy at birth than GDP per capita. This study contributes to discussions around the political economy of health, the growth consensus, and the American lag in life expectancy. Policy implications vis-à-vis the U.S. Affordable Care Act are discussed.

P3414Differences in total life expectancy and life expectancy with and without non-communicable diseases within the reference range of thyroid function

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bano ◽  
L Chaker ◽  
F U S Mattace-Raso ◽  
R P Peeters ◽  
O H Franco
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Variations in thyroid function within the reference ranges are associated with an increased risk of diseases and death. However, the impact of thyroid function on life expectancy (LE) and the number of years lived with and without non-communicable diseases (NCD) remains unknown. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with total LE and LE with and without NCD among euthyroid subjects. Methods Participants of the Rotterdam Study without known thyroid disease and with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the reference ranges were eligible. NCD were defined as the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, or cancer. We used multistate life tables to calculate the total LE and LE with and without NCD among TSH and FT4 tertiles, in men and women. LE estimates were obtained using prevalence, incidence rates and hazard ratios for three transitions (healthy to NCD, healthy to death and NCD to death). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 7644 participants was 64.5 (9.7) years and 52.2% were women. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, we observed 1396 incident NCD events and 1422 deaths. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men and women in the highest TSH tertile lived 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8; 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8; 2.2) years longer, respectively; of which 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5; 2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI, 0.3; 2.1) years with NCD. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, the difference in LE for men and women in the highest FT4 tertile was −3.7 (95% CI, −5.1 to −2.2) and −3.3 (95% CI, −4.7; −1.9), respectively; of which −1.8 (95% CI, −3.1 to −0.7) and −2.0 (95% CI, −3.4 to −0.7) years without NCD. Life expectancy in TSH and FT4 tertiles Conclusions There are meaningful differences in total LE, LE with and without NCD within the reference ranges of thyroid function. People with low-normal thyroid function live more years with and without NCD than those with high-normal thyroid function. These findings support a reevaluation of the current reference ranges of thyroid function.

scholarly journals Health coach online - health benefits on the citizens terms

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kuitunen ◽  
A Cavrak
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In Sweden, we know that half of the women and two thirds of the men have one or more unhealthy lifestyle habits. We also know that 90% of all diabetes type 2, 80% of all heart attacks and 30% of all cancer can be prevented, if one has a healthy lifestyle. Consultative conversations have been proved very helpful while changing ones habits. The lifestyle habits of Swedes are similar to those of other countries in Europe, and by making our research available and the concept known to other countries, the overall health in Europe can improve. In August 2017 an online practice opened in a county in south west of Sweden, were we performed lifestyle interventions with people who applied and needed it. The practice specialized in eating habits, physical exercise, alcohol and tobacco use. We have 4-6 consultative meetings during 3 to 4 months, where we help our clients set realistic goals to reach, that work in their day to day life. While using coaching techniques and motivational interviewing, we have met over 200 people, and helped improve their lifestyle. We have seen that in regarding to self-assessed health (1-10), our clients score is higher after both completed health coaching and a year after completed coaching than at start. Calculating QALY, we can see that the impact the coach makes on our clients is cost effective and one person being coached saves the amount in hospital costs that we can use to coach 30 more. We have learned that online meetings are more cost effective and practical for this type of concept. Our clients feel more relaxed and open to the process at a location of their choosing and it saves time for them, time they might not have taken otherwise - therefore, we can help more people. Meetings online enables us to reach all over the Västra Götaland region, and not only the close proximity where the coaches are located. Key messages Online health coaching supports our health care and helps the citizens to improve their lifestyle habits and their overall health. The online method is cost effective and it saves money for both health care and society.

Age analysis of the population mortality from diabetes mellitus in the Tula region

10.12737/5613 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Хромушин ◽  
Viktor Khromushin ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort

The article analyzes 182897 deaths of the adult population of the Tula region from the mortality register from 2007 to 2013 by age cohorts 15-19; 20-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; 65-74; >=75, of which 4882 case of death from diabetes. The increasing incidence of diseases of the endocrine system, disorders of nutrition and metabolism is identified and is accordingly 63,7; 66,5; 68,4; 68,3; 69,4; 71,0 per 1000 population. The mortality rate in the Tula region in 2012 from diabetes was 59,86 per 100000 population. The analysis of mortality shows that the ratio of women to men for the period from 2007 to 2013 increases with increasing age in a power-law dependence from 0,6 to 4,49. In the age cohort 45-54 men and women, there is a decrease in the number of cases. The initial increase and the subsequent significant decline in the number of cases have a place for men in this cohort. For women, the mortality rate decreases with larger slope than for men. The dynamics of the mortality of men and women in the cohort 55-64 is characterized by an increase in the number of cases in 2007-2010 and the decrease in 2011-2013. In this cohort, the mortality rate among men increased (except 2013), and the mortality rate of the female population varies only slightly. Mortality of women, men, and for men and women in the cohort 65-74 years decreases, and in the cohort of 75 and over increased. Positive aspects of age analysis is the transfer of deaths from age groups 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 in a cohort of older ages 75 years or more. Negative aspects of age analysis is the increased mortality of the male population in the cohort 55-64 in 2007- 2012, men and women of this cohort in 2007 - 2010 years, as well as the high mortality of the female population from diabetes, compared with the male population of the Tula region.

scholarly journals PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 E PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE DO IDOSO NA PERSPECTIVA DE TRABALHADORES DA SAÚDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Xavéle Braatz Petermann ◽  
Sheila Kocourek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Impact

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência da pandemia de COVID-19 na promoção da saúde do idoso na perspectiva de trabalhadores da saúde da atenção primária. Trata de um estudo de caso, transversal e qualitativo desenvolvido em um município de pequeno porte do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram sete trabalhadores, sendo a amostra intencional, por conveniência e saturação. Os dados foram coletados mediante grupo focal e entrevistais individuais e analisados por meio da análise temática. As categorias que denotaram a influência da pandemia de COVID-19 na promoção da saúde do idoso compreenderam o distanciamento da rede de suporte social e a rede de apoio familiar. Os resultados encontrados retrataram o impacto da pandemia na vida dos idosos, em especial na saúde mental e emocional, sendo necessárias diretrizes de continuidade das ações de promoção da saúde.PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 AND HEALTH PROMOTION OF THE ELDERLY FROM THE HEALTH WORKERS PERSPECTIVEAbstractThis study aimed to analyze the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the promotion of elderly health from the perspective of primary health care workers. This is a case study, cross-sectional and qualitative developed in a small city in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Seven workers participated, the sample being intentional, for convenience and saturation. Data were collected through a focus group and individual interviews and analyzed through thematic analysis. The categories that denoted the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in promoting the health of the elderly included the distance from the social support network and the family support network. The results found portrayed the impact of the pandemic on the lives of the elderly, especially on mental and emotional health, requiring guidelines for the continuity of health promotion actions.Keywords: Health Promotion. Elderly. COVID-19. Health worker. Primary Health Care.

scholarly journals Digitalization as an Engine for Change? Building a Vision Pathway towards a Sustainable Health Care System by Using the MLP and Health Economic Decision Modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13007
Author(s):  
Johanna Leväsluoto ◽  
Johanna Kohl ◽  
Anton Sigfrids ◽  
Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽  
Janne Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Economic Decision ◽  
Decision Modelling ◽  
The Impact

Grand social challenges, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), are increasing, which creates sustainability problems for health care service systems. To reduce socio-economic burdens, changes are required in the socio-technical system. However, there is an uncertainty of the most cost-effective policy action that can create sustainability while providing health benefits. To find potential solutions to these challenges, the multi-level perspective (MLP) and health economic decision modelling was used to study socio-technical change and project potential health economic consequences of different scenarios. The study focuses on creating a vision pathway for reducing T2D in Finland. In total, 23 interviews were carried out and the results were analyzed utilizing the MLP model. As a result, five themes towards prevention of T2D were identified. Digitalization was found to be a cross-cutting theme for preventing T2D and was thus taken as the object of study and the main focus of this paper. As a result, this paper reports on the opportunities and barriers for using digital tools in a transition towards T2D prevention. A health economic decision modelling revealed that the highest expected savings could be obtained by prioritizing prevention programs based on T2D risk. Finally, the model was converted into a web-based online tool by combining vision pathway, transition-focused storylines and forward-looking health economic scenario analysis to give the policy makers an overall picture of the needed societal changes and support the impact assessment of alternative policies in a case of T2D prevention in Finland.

scholarly journals Monitoring life expectancy levels during the COVID-19 pandemic: Example of the unequal impact of the first wave on Spanish regions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Trias-Llimós ◽  
Tim Riffe ◽  
Usama Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Death Count

Background To provide an interpretable summary of the impact on mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic we estimate weekly and annual life expectancies at birth in Spain and its regions. Methods We used daily death count data from the Spanish Daily Mortality Monitoring System (MoMo), and death counts from 2018, and population on July 1st, 2019 by region (CCAA), age groups, and sex from the Spanish National Statistics Institute. We estimated weekly and annual (2019 and 2020*, the shifted annual calendar period up to 5 July 2020) life expectancies at birth as well as their differences with respect to 2019. Results Weekly life expectancies at birth in Spain were lower in weeks 11–20, 2020 compared to the same weeks in 2019. This drop in weekly life expectancy was especially strong in weeks 13 and 14 (March 23rd to April 5th), with national declines ranging between 6.1 and 7.6 years and maximum regional weekly declines of up to 15 years in Madrid. Annual life expectancy differences between 2019 and 2020 also reflected an overall drop in annual life expectancy of 0.9 years for both men and women. These drops ranged between 0 years in several regions (e.g. Canary and Balearic Islands) to 2.8 years among men in Madrid. Conclusions Life expectancy is an easy to interpret measure for understanding the heterogeneity of mortality patterns across Spanish regions. Weekly and annual life expectancy are sensitive and useful indicators for understanding disparities and communicating the gravity of the situation because differences are expressed in intuitive year units.

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