scholarly journals Variations in geotechnical characteristics of some crude oil contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Adewuyi Oyediran ◽  
Nchewi Ideba Enya
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Oil Concentration

Variations based on the effects of curing time and environmental exposures on the geotechnical characteristics of some crude oil contaminated soils were investigated. 2 to 10% by weight of crude oil was added to soils as a simulation of contamination. The contaminated soils were cured under room temperature (unexposed) as well as outside in the open air (exposed) for 21, 63 and 189 days. Geotechnical, geochemical and  mineralogical analyses were carried out on the contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples. Results indicate that for the unexposed soils, the LL and PL increased as crude oil concentration (COC) increased up to 4%, above which both decrease. But the reverse was the case for PI after curing for 21 days. With increasing curing time to 63 and 189 days, LL and PL both increased with increase in COC while PI decreased. The UCS increased with increase in oil content up to 4%, but decreased as oil content increased above 4%. Furthermore, UCS decreased with increase in curing time. Across all curing periods, MDD increased upon addition of crude oil up to 4%, thereafter it decreased with increase in COC. The hydraulic conductivity decreased with increase in COC and curing time. For the exposed soils, LL, PL and PI all increased upon addition of crude oil up till 4% before decreasing as the amount of oil increased above 4% for the curing duration of 21 days. For 63 and 189 days, LL and PL decreased while PI increased. Maximum dry density (MDD) showed same variation trend in exposed soils similar to that shown by the unexposed soils. Hydraulic conductivity increased with increase in COC and curing time. Thus, crude oil is observed to be capable of altering the geotechnical properties of soils exposed to it. Furthermore, contaminated soils exposed to the open air and longer curing time were significantly modified than the unexposed variant and with reduced exposure time. Keywords: Geotechnical variation, Contamination, Curing environment, Curing time, Exposure

scholarly journals GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFLUENT CONTAMINATED COHESIVE SOILS

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran KHAN ◽  
Muhammad IRFAN ◽  
Mubashir AZIZ ◽  
Ammad Hassan KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics

In developing countries like Pakistan, raw industrial effluents are usually disposed-off directly into open lands or in water bodies resulting in soil contamination. Leachate formation due to rainfalls in openly dumped solid waste also adds to soil contamination. In this study, engineering behavior of soils contaminated by two industrial effluents, one from paper industry (acidic) and another from textile industry (basic), has been investigated. Laboratory testing revealed significant effects of effluent contamination on engineering behavior of tested soils. Liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content and compression index of tested soils were found to increase with effluent contaminant, indicating a deterioration in the engineering behavior of soils. Whereas maximum dry density, undrained shear strength and coefficient of consolidation of the contaminated soils showed a decreasing trend. The dilapidation in engineering characteristics of soils due to the addition of industrial effluents could pose serious threats to existing and future foundations in terms of loss of bearing capacity and increase in settlement. Keywords: soil contamination, industrial waste, engineering behavior, effluent waste, leachate.

scholarly journals Effect of Bentonite Addition on Geotechnical Properties of Oil-Contaminated Sandy Soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Mohammadi ◽  
Taghi Ebadi ◽  
Mehrdad Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Direct Shear Tests

Oil and its derivatives not only change the chemical and biological properties of the soils, but also affect their geotechnical properties. Effects of oil contamination on a sandy soil which mixed with bentonite was assessed in terms of compaction, shear strength, and consolidation behavior. The experiments were carried out by polluting dry sandy soil with 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10% w/w crude oil at different bentonite contents (0, 5, 10, 15, 20% w/w). Results of compaction tests indicated that at a fixed bentonite content, with increasing crude oil content, the maximum dry density increases, while the optimum water content decreases. Similarly, at a fixed contaminant content, increasing the bentonite content in the soil leads to increase in soil maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content. Moreover, direct shear tests revealed that at a specific bentonite content, higher contamination concentration causes lower internal friction angle. The effect of oil content on the coefficient of consolidation (Cv) and void ratio of soils with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 percent bentonite contents was studied. The results of consolidation tests indicated that at a fixed bentonite content Cv has an overall increasing pattern which is in its maximum amount at 5% oil content.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Characteristics of Regolith Derived from Nanka Formation, Southeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Stella Nwaife Chibuzor ◽  
Elizabeth lfeyinwa Okoyeh ◽  
Boniface Chukwukadibia Ezeanyaoha Egboka
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics

Regolith derived from Nanka Formation; Southeast Nigeria was evaluated for their geotechnical characteristics. The methods of investigations include Fieldwork experiment and laboratory analysis of water and soil samples. The result of hydraulic parameters of the soil at 1meter, 2 meters depth and drilled cuttings from boreholes revealed permeability average values of 1.29E-05(cm/s) and 9.15E-6(cm/s), hydraulic conductivity average value of 1.27E-04(cm/s) and 8.93E-05(cm/s). Drilled cuttings from three boreholes revealed permeability average value of 8.15E-06(m/s), 2.68E-06(m/s) and 6.20E-06, hydraulic conductivity average values of 8.90E-03(m/s), 2.92E-03(m/s) and 6.75E-3(m/s).These values indicate permeable soil with high hydraulic conductivity typical of silty-clay and sand. The permeability/hydraulic conductivity accounts for the high infiltration/percolation of water into the soil. Infiltration of water through the soil initiates geochemical reactions and dissolution mineral which leaves the soil loose and unconsolidated. Geotechnical characteristics show low to medium plasticity and a liquid limit average of 42.36 and 35.45, indicating the capacity of the soil to absorb moisture and expand, bulk density average value of 1.90 mg/m3and compaction test of maximum dry density average value of 1.80 g/cm3 at an optimum water content average of 12.89% indicate low density. Shear strength components of cohesion values range from 0 to 55KN/m2 with average value of 25 KN/m2 and friction angle values range from 7° to 25° suggesting low cohesion and angle of internal friction. This is attributed to the low clay content and the cohesive force is not enough to sustain the soil. Field experiments of cone penetration test of in-situ results indicate a weak and incompetent soil material that is unstable and vulnerable to erosion. The finding would be relevant in soil mechanics problems.

scholarly journals Biotreatability of Crude Oil Polluted Aquatic Environment Using Indigenous Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Tudararo-Aherobo Laurelta ◽  
Okotie Sylvester ◽  
Ataikiru Tega ◽  
Stephen Avwerosuoghene
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
A Value ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
American Society ◽  
Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Aim: The research aims to assess the biodegradability of crude oil polluted aquatic environment using indigenous hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in the Environmental Management and Toxicology Laboratory, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Delta State. Methodology: Hydrocarbon degrading bacteria species were isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soils, screened and used for the degradation of crude oil. 5% and 10% crude oil were used to spike the test microcosm. Physicochemical parameters such as, pH, turbidity, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and bacterial counts of the bioremediated crude oil contaminated water were monitored on Day 0, 7 and 14. The biodegradation of the crude oil was done with the various bacteria isolates singly and as a consortium. Standard methods of American Public Health Association (APHA) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) were used for the analysis. Results: The isolates identified and used for the biodegradation process were, Azomonas sp., Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella sp. and Rhizobactersp. On day 14, in the microcosms with 5% crude oil contamination, Azomonas sp. recorded the highest turbidity reading of 328 ± 2.0 NTU, while Rhizobacter sp. recorded the least with 57.67 ± 0.58 NTU. The bacterial countswere between 7.68 ± 0.002 CFU/ml and 8.05 ± 0.10x 107 CFU/ml for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonas sp. respectively.The crude oil was also degraded most in the microcosm treated with Azomonas sp. with a residual TPH concentration of 0.0013± 0.005 mg/l.For the 10% crude oil contaminated microcosms, TPH was also biodegraded most by Azomonas sp. with a value of 0.0026 ± 0.002mg/l. Turbidity readings were between 82 ± 1.0 NTU and 375.33 ± 0.57 NTU for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonas sp. respectively. Bacterial counts were between (7.71± 0.012)x 107CFU/ml – (8.13± 0.001) x 107CFU/ml for Rhizobacter sp. and Azomonassp. respectively. Conclusion:There wasincreased microbial countsand decrease of residual crude oil concentration, indicating degradation of the crude oil by all the isolates.However, Azomonas sp. recorded the highest TPH degradation for both the 5% and 10% crude oil contaminated microcosms.Thus, findings from the research indicate that hydrocarbon degrading bacteria exist in our environment and can be used in the remediation of aquatic polluted environment.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Fresh and Degraded MSW in the Foothill of Shivalik Range Una, Himachal Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Angle Of Internal Friction ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Geotechnical Tests

The aim of the present study is to determine the physical and geotechnical characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) from an open dump site located in Una town, Himachal Pradesh (India) for the analysis of settlement and structural stability of landfill. Degraded waste was tested for different time intervals ranging from 6 months to 6 years. The physical characterization and the geotechnical tests were performed to determine the composition and the engineering properties of MSW respectively. The presence of moisture content in the fresh waste was 49.5±1.05% but for the degraded (or old) waste it varied between 39.8 to 51.6%. The specific gravity of fresh and old waste varied between 1.83±0.05 and 1.85 for 6 months old waste and 2.28 for 5-6 years old degraded waste respectively. The maximum dry density (MDD) was observed to be 4.28 kN/m2 for fresh waste at the optimum moisture content (OMC) of 78.1% and 4.47 kN/m3 for 6 months old waste and 6.25 kN/m3 for the degraded waste of 5-6 years at 80.2, 85.4% of OMC respectively. The hydraulic conductivity (k) of MSW was found to be decreasing with the degradation of MSW and the overburden pressure whereas the shear strength increased along with the degradation of the waste. The cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (φ) increased respectively from 31.2 kPa(fresh) to 38 kPa(degraded) and 14° to 22° with the increase in waste degradation. The compression ratio of fresh waste was within the ranges of 0.19-0.29 and for degraded MSW it varied between 0.12 for 6 months old waste and 0.17 for 5-6 years old degraded waste respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of Submergence on Stabilization of Loess in Shaanxi Province by Adding Fly Ash

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samnang Phoak ◽  
Ya-Sheng Luo ◽  
Sheng-Nan Li ◽  
Qian Yin
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Swell Potential

In this study, the influence of fly ash (FA) content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the alteration in the physical and mechanical parameters of loess is investigated. The influences of curing time (0, 14, and 28 days) and submergence and non-submergence conditions are analyzed as well. Analysis considers the variation in Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), compaction parameters (optimum moisture content (OMC), and maximum dry density (MDD)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) stress, UCS strain, California bearing ratio (CBR) value, and swell potential. Results show that the application of FA-stabilized loess (FASL) is effective. Specifically, the MDD decreases and the OMC increases, the UCS stress increases and the UCS strain decreases, the CBR value improves and the swell potential declines, but Atterberg limits are insignificantly changed by the increase in the FA ratio compared with those of untreated loess. The UCS stress and CBR value are improved with the increase in curing time, whereas the UCS strain is negligible. FASL under submergence condition plays an important role in improving the effect of FA on the UCS stress and CBR value compared with that under non-submergence condition. The UCS stress and CBR value are more increased and more decreased than the UCS strain in submerged samples. Therefore, the application of FASL in flood areas is important for obtaining sustainable construction materials and ensuring environmental protection.

scholarly journals Using Nanomaterials in Stabilization of Soil for Oil Infrastructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaid Hameed Majeed ◽  
Eng. Kadhim Jawad Aubais ◽  
Dr. Mohd Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Compressible Soil

The design foundations  of storage tanks for oil industry experiences significant problems due to the widespread occurrence of weak and compressible soil which resulted in foundation failure. In this study, soft soils were taken from two locations and mixed with three types of nanoparticles which were nano-alumina (nano Al2O3), nano-copper (nano CuO), and nano-magnesium (nano MgO). Nanomaterials were incorporated in small percentage (less than 1%) by dry weight of soil. The tested geotechnical characteristics included the water content, dry density, and the unconfined compressive strength. The results showed significant enhancements in the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength. The level of enhancement depended on the type of nanomaterials and the contents. Improved strength and hardening properties were shown with the utilization of nano CuO material in comparison to the soil samples with the other nanomaterials additions, with its optimum addition of 0.7% provided an increment rate of 662.7% while the optimum nano CuO which is about 1% showed a 532% increasing rate in the compressive strength of S1 soil. It was noted that the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength enhanced with the increase in the nanoparticles content until reaching a percentage in which the strength decreased. The optimum content of the nano MgO was 0.3% while the optimum nano Al2O3 content was about 0.3% for soil S1 and was about 0.1% for soil S2. The presence of nanomaterials in excessive contents caused agglomeration of particles which had negative influences on mechanical characteristics of the soils. Generally, the incorporation of finer particles like nanoparticles even with low amount would improve the geotechnical characteristics of soils with the consideration of the potential environmental benefits, these combined admixtures are intended to lower the cost and become a more sustainable and environmental alternative for soil stabilization

Effect of Slag on Engineering Properties of Contamination Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Mohamed Moafak Arbili ◽  
Mohamed Karpuzcu ◽  
Farman Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Pozzolanic Reactivity ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents

In this study investigates utilizing of slag as an additional material to improve engineering properties of contaminated soil by crude oil to changing the engineering characteristics to be satisfying and compatible, this is due to its pozzolanic reactivity. The aim of this study the impact of slag material in geotechnical engineering and to stabilize properties of contaminated soils. Two percentages of slag were utilized in this study, which is 0% and 6%. Compaction and direct shear strength tests had been conducted on the artificial contaminated prepared soil samples. In the results, showed that the increasing of slag leads to a decrease in the optimum water contents while the maximum dry density values increase. Furthermore, the shear strength is improved by utilizing slag so that slag can be considered as a stabilizing material to improve the properties of contamination soil.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Utilization of Fine Steel Slag on Stabilizing High Plastic Subgrade Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien Aldeeky ◽  
Omar Al Hattamleh
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
High Plastic

The three major steel manufacturing factories in Jordan dump their byproduct, steel slag, randomly in open areas, which causes many environmental hazardous problems. This study intended to explore the effectiveness of using fine steel slag aggregate (FSSA) in improving the geotechnical properties of high plastic subgrade soil. First soil and fine steel slag mechanical and engineering properties were evaluating. Then 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% dry weight of soil of fine steel slag (FSSA) were added and mixed into the prepared soil samples. The effectiveness of the FSSA was judged by the improvement in consistency limits, compaction, free swell, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR). From the test results, it is observed that 20% FSSA additives will reduce plasticity index and free swell by 26.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 20% FSSA additives will increase the unconfined compressive strength, maximum dry density, and CBR value by 100%, 6.9%, and 154%. By conclusion FSSA had a positive effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil and it can be used as admixture in proving geotechnical characteristics of subgrade soil, not only solving the waste disposal problem.

scholarly journals Effects of contamination with gasoline on engineering properties of fine-grained silty soils with an emphasis on the duration of exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdollah Yazdi ◽  
Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Laboratory Results

AbstractLeaking tanks may lead to severe contamination of their surrounding soil. The geotechnical behavior of the soil varies with the physicochemical processes that occur between the contaminant and the soil. In this respect, studying the geochemical properties of gasoline-contaminated soils and sediments seems to be important for engineering and especially environmental purposes. In this paper, laboratory tests were carried out to examine the effects of crude gasoline contamination on some of the geotechnical properties of a silty soil sampled from the Mashhad plain, located in the northeast of Iran. Tests consisted of basic properties, Atterberg limits, compaction, direct shear, and uniaxial compression tests, which were carried out on clean and contaminated soil samples at the same densities. The contaminated samples were prepared by mixing the soils with crude gasoline in the amounts of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of dry weight and curing periods of 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. Results indicated a decrease in the friction angle and an increase in the cohesion of the soil by increasing gasoline content. Besides, a reduction in the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content was observed in the compaction test. The increase in gasoline percentage up to 6% also showed a direct effect on increasing the liquid limit and plastic limit of silty soil, which decreased thereafter. Moreover, any increase in gasoline percentage had a reverse effect on the modulus of elasticity of the soil. The increase in gasoline percentage up to 3% also had a direct impact on the uniaxial compressive strength of the soil, exceeding which it started to decline. Finally, the effects of contamination duration were examined by testing contaminated samples in periods of 7, 15, and 30 days under natural conditions. The results showed a reverse relationship with all geotechnical properties due to aging and a reduction in the gasoline content due to the evaporation of volatile compounds. Also, the numerical analysis of the laboratory results indicated an increase in settling and the percentage of shear strain beneath the foundation with increasing the contamination level, confirming the laboratory results.

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