scholarly journals Recycled C&D waste- An energy efficient and sustainable construction material

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Madan Chandra Maurya ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Alternative Sources

Construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are generated with construction or demolition activities and consists of non biodegradable materials such as cement concrete, bricks, plaster, steel, rubble, woods, plastics etc. Large use of natural recourses for the production of construction materials such as concrete is a prime concern for sustainability. In order to minimize the environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming construction industries has started to look for new alternative sources which are capable of substituting the use of natural materials, also some attempts were taken to utilize the waste generated from the demolition of structures and construction activity. The main benefits from the recycling of C&D waste are conservation of natural resources, reduction in energy consumption, solution for waste disposal crisis, environment preservation. Its use reduces reliance on primary aggregates and lowers the environmental impact of construction.  

Evaluation Indexes System for Assessing Road Construction with Recycled Waste Materials to Achieve Better Environmental Impacts

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1001-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Zhen Chen ◽  
Cui Jie Geng ◽  
Wen Zhou Sun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Recycled Waste

Evaluation indexes system has been put forward in this paper for quantifying thesystematical energy consumption, resources consumption, total emissions’ change and waste disposal capacity in road construction with recycled waste materials involved. With help of this evaluation indexes system, the contributions to environmental improvement caused by recycling waste materials in road construction can be quantified through calculating savings on environmental impact potentials, savings on energy consumption, on virgin materials’ consumption and waste disposal capacity provided by road construction. Based on the construction project of a road section numbered No.20 EWK0+400 ~ EWK0+600 of North highway to Shanghai Pudong international airport, which was the first trial project of using several kinds of recycled waste materials including bottom ash from incinerators to replace commonly used materials such as gravel in large scale in road pavement, the results of the four indexes, namely, savings on energy consumption and virgin materials’ consumption, environmental impact potentials as well as waste disposal capacity were obtained. It was found out that with multi recycled waste materials replacing part of the common construction material, systematical energy consumption can be reduced by 30%, a large amount of virgin resource consumption can be avoid and road construction also provides a remarkable large “dumping site” for solid wastes; while at the same time environmental impact potentials were saved for most impact categories except for increase in Ecotoxicity, water chronic, which was caused by heavy metals’ leaching and can be prevented by pre-treatment. Those results are useful for guiding the utilization of recycled waste materials, as well as for developing new technology process and advanced materials in road construction.

scholarly journals Structural Characteristics of Developed Sustainable Lime-Straw Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2597
Author(s):  
Sajid Kamil Zemam ◽  
Sa'ad Fahad Resan ◽  
Musab Sabah Abed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Construction materials made of renewable resources have promising potential given their low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. Although hemp fibers are the most extensively used fiber in the eco-friendly building sector, their unavailability hinders their application in Iraq. This study aimed to overcome the absence of hemp fiber in Iraq and develop a new sustainable construction material, strawcrete, by using wheat straw and traditional lime as the base binder. A comparable method of developing hempcrete was established. The experimental program adopted novel Mixing Sequence Techniques (MSTs), which depended on changing the sequence of mixed material with fixed proportions. The orientation of the applied load and the specimen’s aspect ratio were also studied. The mixing proportion was 4:1:1 (fiber/binder/water) by volume. Results showed that the developed strawcrete had a dry unit weight ranging from 645 kg/m3 to 734 kg/m3 and a compressive strength ranging from 1.8 MPa to 3.8 MPa. The enhanced physical and strength properties varied with the MST and loading orientation. The properties of the developed hempcrete were compared with those of strawcrete.

scholarly journals Brine sludge waste from a Chlor-alkali industry: characterization and its application for non-structural and structural construction materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juliana De Carvalho Izidoro ◽  
Denise Alves Fungaro ◽  
Luciana Cristina Viviani ◽  
Rogério Da Costa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Brine Sludge

Brine sludge (BS) is an industrial waste generated in large amounts by the Chlor-alkali industry and, usually disposed into industrial landfills. Because BS contains several chemical compounds, also presents a potential environmental impact. The feasibility of the utilization of brine sludge wastes for the preparation of value-added materials was investigated. The characterization of two brine sludge samples was performed in terms of chemical and physical composition, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). Elements like Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, and Fe were identified in the samples. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of compounds and indicated that the main compounds in brine sludge samples were calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, and quartz. FTIR showed the presence of varying functional groups like carbonate, siloxane, and hydroxide. The two brine sludge samples can be considered as a fine powder with the mean diameter (d50) of 4.984 µm and 24.574 µm, for the BS from Santo André and Cubatão, respectively. The results indicated that the brine sludge samples presented favorable characteristics to use limestone filler and binder alternative to Portland cement in the nonstructural construction materials. The incorporation of brine sludge in geopolymeric materials is another possible use in sustainable construction material products. The production of value-added products from brine sludge will be an important contribution towards sustainable development adopted by the Chlor-alkali industry.

scholarly journals Cost Estimate Reduction Using Analogue Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Laura Platace ◽  
Sandra Gusta
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract One of the most important parameters that is currently used in public and private procurement in building process is the lowest price. The legislation of Latvia permits that an estimate forming process does not include criterions of quality, durability, and the potential high cost of maintaining the building during the exploitation time. That allows the constructor to reduce the cost estimate by using cheaper construction product or technology and does not let to provide the highest possible quality and the basic principle of sustainable construction. One of possible construction cost reduction solutions is the replacement of building material with equal building material, at the same time assessing the quality and replacement impact on the direct costs of estimate. The tasks of the research are: (1) to do literature review on what is an estimate, what an estimate includes and the basis of estimate; (2) to analyse the existing construction estimate, to evaluate the used construction materials and to study technical characteristics of materials, to explore a specific construction junction; (3) to replace the selected construction materials with analogous, thus reducing the direct costs of estimate; (4) to evaluate the affect of the price of the construction material on quality; (5) to compare the obtained cost estimate with the current cost estimate; (6) to implement laboratory research and to compare technical characteristics of the construction materials and analogue materials in order to check if they are the performing parameters that are defined in the declaration of performance. After comparing of the obtained direct costs of construction and analysing the quality of construction materials it is possible to provide the most appropriate offer of the direct costs of estimate to satisfy the customer’s interests.

scholarly journals Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paalo Moreno ◽  
Nicole Villamizar ◽  
Jefferson Perez ◽  
Angelica Bayona ◽  
Jesús Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Sustainable Construction Materials by Using U-Shaped Composite Spacer Block (UCop)​

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
New Construction

Nowadays in construction development, the needs of construction materials that have a unique reinforced concrete design with good quality, reasonable market price, and easy installation techniques has been prioritized. Therefore, this study aimed to produce an alternative new construction material that can fulfill the requirements. The U-shaped composite spacer block (UCop) through the production of Cement Bonded Particle Board (CBPB) as a specimen block was produced from the wood waste of carpentry work combined with Shorea spp. (Seraya red and white) particle size approximately 0.4mm - 2.00 mm. Then it was mixed together with Portland cement by using a ratio 1:2.5. The mixture was then added with Ammonia Chloride (Al2SO4) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) act as additives for this product. The physical and mechanical tests were conducted in this study. The results were showed that the thickness expansion was achieved an average of 1.79 %, which was passed the minimum requirement of MS934:1986 standards. However, the flexural strength did not meet the minimum standards. The poor mixing technique was attributed to the results. However, UCop still could contribute as an alternative solution in ease the concrete pouring process using a special binder, giving the spacer block any resistance to formwork of columns or beams is filled with concrete. The high-impact innovations of this product in construction such as it can help the process to be more efficient and to reduce construction costs, next indirectly preserve the nature.

scholarly journals Optimized Structural Performance of Paver Blocks of Bajri Concrete: NRM Partly Substituting Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1938-1949
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

The discarded object dart during alumina extraction from bauxite ores in Bayers process is Red Mud. The solid/ liquid insoluble by-product dumped in exposed red mud ponds which are radioactive, highly alkaline and environmental contaminant to soil, surface water and ground water and possess disposal threats. Recent trend in increased urbanization and modernization has plenty of use of exterior flooring by concrete pavers block depending upon traffic load and volume. Present work is to know whether this red mud can be reused as a sustainable construction material to replace cement. The XRF spectroscopic advantage is taken to determine the composition identities between red mud and OPC cement. The study reveals the optimized percentage of red mud blend with cement after neutralization normalization. It cannot be disposed of easily. Attempt has been made to use bajri as the coarse aggregate instead of 12mm chips. The crusher by-product is having less use as construction materials. So the spare of cement by compensating with red mud and use of bajri shall be cost effective, environmentally sustainable and convenient disposal of the harmful waste. The mechanical characteristics like compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength etc., at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of cement by red mud is found by using compressive testing machine (CTM) and universal testing machine (UTM) adhering to IS : 15658 (2006) and amended in 2011. The 20% OPC cement substitution by red mud is found to be adequate and will maintain sustainability.

Energy Efficient Construction Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Abhinandan R. Gupta ◽  
S.K. Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Thermal Resistivity ◽  
The People ◽  
Efficient Construction ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Government

History itself is the evident that from the years together the people moves to the region where they can satisfy their needs and wants with fewer efforts and more opportunities. This thought lead to accumulation of people in some areas resulting in urbanization. As this urban area contributes highly in nation’s economy even the government announce a far reaching program of investments in urban development. However, these urban agglomerations manifest generally unsustainable ecologies. The depletion of material resources, the accumulation of waste, and the over-expenditure of non-renewable energy are direct consequences of the predatory expansion of urbanization. Out of this the major contribution goes to construction industry as the data reveals that Construction is responsible for 40% of the total world flows of raw materials such as sand, gravel& clay. It takes one quarter of all virgin wood, 40% of energy use,16% of water withdrawals,& produces 17% of all waste generated. This problems can be tackle efficiently it the waste generated by industries can be reuse for the purpose of making construction material. With little logic and application of basic science the new material that can be made by mixing waste may prove energy efficient if its thermal resistivity is enhanced and utilized. The research over here is a paradigm of such two waste mix building component with high thermal resistive property. The paper is about the making and testing of waste mix tiles and filler blocks so as to find its efficiency in construction practices. The results obtained shows that by adopting such materials for construction purpose will reduce amount of operations energy consumption as well as reduce consumption of non – renewable resources and would help to utilize waste in fruitful way. The effort in this research are thus to find energy efficient construction material.

scholarly journals Earth as construction material in the circular economy context: practitioner perspectives on barriers to overcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1834) ◽  
pp. 20200182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Morel ◽  
Rabia Charef ◽  
Erwan Hamard ◽  
Antonin Fabbri ◽  
Chris Beckett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Earthen Architecture

The need for a vast quantity of new buildings to address the increase in population and living standards is opposed to the need for tackling global warming and the decline in biodiversity. To overcome this twofold challenge, there is a need to move towards a more circular economy by widely using a combination of alternative low-carbon construction materials, alternative technologies and practices. Soils or earth were widely used by builders before World War II, as a primary resource to manufacture materials and structures of vernacular architecture. Centuries of empirical practices have led to a variety of techniques to implement earth, known as rammed earth, cob and adobe masonry among others. Earth refers to local soil with a variable composition but at least containing a small percentage of clay that would simply solidify by drying without any baking. This paper discusses why and how earth naturally embeds high-tech properties for sustainable construction. Then the potential of earth to contribute to addressing the global challenge of modern architecture and the need to re-think building practices is also explored. The current obstacles against the development of earthen architecture are examined through a survey of current earth building practitioners in Western Europe. A literature review revealed that, surprisingly, only technical barriers are being addressed by the scientific community; two-thirds of the actual barriers identified by the interviewees are not within the technical field and are almost entirely neglected in the scientific literature, which may explain why earthen architecture is still a niche market despite embodying all the attributes of the best construction material to tackle the current climate and economic crisis. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.

scholarly journals Development of Geopolymers Formulations Based on Low-Grade Kaolins as a Potential Construction Material

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Costa ◽  
Sara Fernandes ◽  
Ana Velosa ◽  
Fernando Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
New Materials ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Sustainability, particularly in construction materials, has been a subject of growing interest. Civil construction is one of the industries where more materials are consumed, which leads to high energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The production of cement, especially clinker is largely responsible for these problems. As a solution, new materials emerge, which do not require much energy for their production, which are the alkaline cements, specifically the geopolymers. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers obtained by the alkaline activation of aluminosilicate precursors. In the present study geopolymers were developed with low grade kaolin (as a precursor) from a Portuguese company. The development of these geopolymers will be, due to their properties, a good solution for rehabilitation of earth buildings, especially in adobe. The development of these geopolymers is also a contribution to the sustainability of kaolin exploitations as it opens new markets for the low grade kaolins, presently not easily commercialized. As mechanical strength of adobe materials ranges in literature from 0.6 to 8.3 MPa, the values obtained for the developed geopolymers (between ~2 to 10 MPa) can be considered as totally adequate.

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