scholarly journals Brine sludge waste from a Chlor-alkali industry: characterization and its application for non-structural and structural construction materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juliana De Carvalho Izidoro ◽  
Denise Alves Fungaro ◽  
Luciana Cristina Viviani ◽  
Rogério Da Costa Silva
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Brine Sludge

Brine sludge (BS) is an industrial waste generated in large amounts by the Chlor-alkali industry and, usually disposed into industrial landfills. Because BS contains several chemical compounds, also presents a potential environmental impact. The feasibility of the utilization of brine sludge wastes for the preparation of value-added materials was investigated. The characterization of two brine sludge samples was performed in terms of chemical and physical composition, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). Elements like Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, and Fe were identified in the samples. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of compounds and indicated that the main compounds in brine sludge samples were calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, and quartz. FTIR showed the presence of varying functional groups like carbonate, siloxane, and hydroxide. The two brine sludge samples can be considered as a fine powder with the mean diameter (d50) of 4.984 µm and 24.574 µm, for the BS from Santo André and Cubatão, respectively. The results indicated that the brine sludge samples presented favorable characteristics to use limestone filler and binder alternative to Portland cement in the nonstructural construction materials. The incorporation of brine sludge in geopolymeric materials is another possible use in sustainable construction material products. The production of value-added products from brine sludge will be an important contribution towards sustainable development adopted by the Chlor-alkali industry.

scholarly journals Luminescence reveals variations in local structural order of calcium carbonate polymorphs formed by different mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Toffolo ◽  
Giulia Ricci ◽  
Luisa Caneve ◽  
Ifat Kaplan-Ashiri
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Order ◽  
Lime Plaster ◽  
Calcium Carbonate Polymorphs

Abstract In nature, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of calcite and aragonite nucleates through different pathways including geogenic and biogenic processes. It may also occur as pyrogenic lime plaster and laboratory-precipitated crystals. All of these formation processes are conducive to different degrees of local structural order in CaCO3 crystals, with the pyrogenic and precipitated forms being the least ordered. These variations affect the manner in which crystals interact with electromagnetic radiation, and thus formation processes may be tracked using methods such as X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Here we show that defects in the crystal structure of CaCO3 may be detected by looking at the luminescence of crystals. Using cathodoluminescence by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-CL) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), it is possible to discern different polymorphs and their mechanism of formation. We were thus able to determine that pyrogenic calcite and aragonite exhibit blue luminescence due to the incorporation of distortions in the crystal lattice caused by heat and rapid precipitation, in agreement with infrared spectroscopy assessments of local structural order. These results provide the first detailed reference database of SEM-CL and LIF spectra of CaCO3 standards, and find application in the characterization of optical, archaeological and construction materials.

scholarly journals Structural Characteristics of Developed Sustainable Lime-Straw Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2597
Author(s):  
Sajid Kamil Zemam ◽  
Sa'ad Fahad Resan ◽  
Musab Sabah Abed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Construction materials made of renewable resources have promising potential given their low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. Although hemp fibers are the most extensively used fiber in the eco-friendly building sector, their unavailability hinders their application in Iraq. This study aimed to overcome the absence of hemp fiber in Iraq and develop a new sustainable construction material, strawcrete, by using wheat straw and traditional lime as the base binder. A comparable method of developing hempcrete was established. The experimental program adopted novel Mixing Sequence Techniques (MSTs), which depended on changing the sequence of mixed material with fixed proportions. The orientation of the applied load and the specimen’s aspect ratio were also studied. The mixing proportion was 4:1:1 (fiber/binder/water) by volume. Results showed that the developed strawcrete had a dry unit weight ranging from 645 kg/m3 to 734 kg/m3 and a compressive strength ranging from 1.8 MPa to 3.8 MPa. The enhanced physical and strength properties varied with the MST and loading orientation. The properties of the developed hempcrete were compared with those of strawcrete.

scholarly journals Phase Transformation and Microstructure Characterization of Ceramic Porcelain with Different Ratio of Treated Fgd Sludge/Feldspar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Suffi Irni Alias ◽  
Banjuraizah Johar ◽  
Syed Nuzul Fadzli Adam ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Fatin Fatini Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Main Component

Abstract The porcelain formulation containing percentages of treated FGD sludge waste from 5% up to 15% in replacement of feldspar were prepared. The porcelain mixture formulation were mixed by high energy planatery mill at speed 300 rpm for 1 hours. The powder were compacted by using hydraulic press and sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescene (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DCS). The primary effect concerning the addition of treated FGD sludge was the change of intensity composition (gypsum and anhydrate) in porcelain formulation. The XRD analysis has shown that the main component in sludge waste were gypsum and anhydrate.

scholarly journals Thermo-mechanical Characterization of Insulating Bio-plasters Containing Recycled Volcanic Pyroclasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Loredana Contrafatto ◽  
Salvatore Gazzo ◽  
Antonio Purrazzo ◽  
Antonio Gagliano
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Natural Hydraulic Lime

Aim: The research proposes the reuse of volcanic wastes in the production of lightened and insulating bio-plasters. Introduction: The goal is the production of a novel sustainable construction material that reduces the environmental impact. Methods: Four mixtures were designed. The recycled Volcanic Ash was used in combination with two bio-compatible binders; basically Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL) or calcium hydroxide blended with a commercial Portland cement (CH-CEM). To improve thermal properties, CH-CEM mixtures were treated with an Air Entraining Agent (AEA) in two different percentages and a breathable resin (R). The main physical, mechanical and thermal properties were experimentally determined. Results: The results of such analysis indicate that the mixture NHL, realized using hydraulic lime as a binder, do not satisfy the threshold of the water absorption coefficient, exceeding the limit established by UNI EN 998-1 standard. Conclusion: On the contrary, one of the mixtures CH-CEM, containing both AEA and R, is suitable for use as lightweight plastering mortar and also satisfies the requirements for insulating mortars.

Pyrolysis of Delonix Regia and Characterization of Its Pyrolytic Products: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshal D. Kawale ◽  
Nanda Kishore
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Tubular Reactor ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Abstract Pyrolysis of a rarely researched biomass feedstock, Delonix regia (DR), at different pyrolysis temperatures carried out in a tubular reactor at an atmospheric pressure of one bar. In addition to the fuel and physical properties of produced bio-oil and bio-char, extensive advanced characterization of these products, viz. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), GC-MS, proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. is also performed as applicable to different products. The main emphasis of this work is on both quantitative and qualitative analysis of pyrolytic bio-oil and bio-char obtained from DR at 500–700 °C. In this range of temperature, higher heating value (HHV) of bio-oil found to be varying between 20.88 MJ/kg and 25.70 MJ/kg following increasing trend with the temperature. However, HHV of bio-char observed to be almost unaffected by pyrolysis temperature, and it is approximately 36 MJ/kg. The density of bio-oil found to be decreasing from 0.95 g/cc to 0.88 g/cc as the pyrolysis temperature increases from 500 to 700 °C; however, pH is found to be almost unaffected by the pyrolysis temperature changing only slightly from 3.4 to 3.3. Furthermore, the moisture content of bio-oil is also found to be unaffected by the temperature variations. From the GC-MS chromatograms of bio-oils, it is found that benzene is highest area % (with 14.6%) and phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy is the second-highest area % occupying component (with 10.5%) in bio-oil obtained at 600 °C of pyrolysis temperature. This result indicates that the DR feedstock is also an excellent resource for producing value-added green chemicals.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Angustifolia Kunth and Rayada Amarilla Guadua Bamboo

2019 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Brayan García ◽  
Camila Preciado ◽  
Mónica Bedoya ◽  
Oscar Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Guadua is a Colombian endemic type of grass belonging to the bamboo family. It can be considered an alternative construction material due to its physical and mechanical properties, as well as a sustainable source of timber due to its fast growing process and high availability in tropical countries. The Guadua is composed by the stem petiole or lower part, the stem base, and the stem. In turn, the stem is divided into sections separated by diaphragms that form knots, called culms. The distance between knots and the structure of the longitudinal fibers in the culms depend on the age of the plant. This implies a difficulty when determining the mechanical properties of the stem, since there are not specific standards for this purpose. In this work the mechanical properties of young samples of Angustifolia Kunt and Rayada Amarilla Guadua, of around 6 years of growth, were characterized. To account for the natural variability introduced by the presence of diaphragms, cylindrical and prismatic samples were extracted without knot, with one knot in the middle, and with one knot at each end. Cylindrical samples were used to measure compressive strength parallel to the fiber direction, while prismatic samples were used to measure tensile strength also parallel to the fiber direction and flexural strength by three point bending. Methodologies from conventional construction materials were adapted for this purpose. The obtained results allowed concluding that the Guadua samples present different mechanical properties depending on the position of the knots. Samples with a knot in the middle are more resistant to compressive stresses, while the samples without knot are more resistant to flexural and traction stresses. The samples with one knot at each end presented a more balanced behavior, being efficient when exposed to compression, traction and flexural stresses.

Simultaneous Use of Two Catalytic Wastes to Cement in Sustainable Construction Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Berger Maltez Melchert ◽  
Marcelo Mendes Viana ◽  
Jo Dweck
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Simultaneous Use

This paper presents the study of the simultaneous use of two residual catalysts (RAl and RNi) with type II Portland cement, in order to avoid environmental impacts and to use of the solidified products as structural sustainable materials. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, X ray diffraction, leaching and compressive strength tests. Mortars with water/cement mass ratio equal to 0.5 were prepared, into which, different percentual masses of each waste were added. The main phases formed due to the retarding and accelerating actions of each waste were evaluated by thermogravimetry and X ray diffraction after 28 days of hydration. The leaching tests done with the solidified mortars presented values of Ni and Al contents below maximum accepted limits, indicating that they attend to environmental legislation, as well as eliminate the original environmental impact of the original wastes. Mortars evaluated after 28 days by compressive strength tests, presented acceptable results for their possible use as construction materials.

scholarly journals Recycled C&D waste- An energy efficient and sustainable construction material

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
Madan Chandra Maurya ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Alternative Sources

Construction and demolition (C&D) wastes are generated with construction or demolition activities and consists of non biodegradable materials such as cement concrete, bricks, plaster, steel, rubble, woods, plastics etc. Large use of natural recourses for the production of construction materials such as concrete is a prime concern for sustainability. In order to minimize the environmental impacts in terms of energy consumption, pollution, waste disposal and global warming construction industries has started to look for new alternative sources which are capable of substituting the use of natural materials, also some attempts were taken to utilize the waste generated from the demolition of structures and construction activity. The main benefits from the recycling of C&D waste are conservation of natural resources, reduction in energy consumption, solution for waste disposal crisis, environment preservation. Its use reduces reliance on primary aggregates and lowers the environmental impact of construction.  

scholarly journals Cost Estimate Reduction Using Analogue Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Laura Platace ◽  
Sandra Gusta
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract One of the most important parameters that is currently used in public and private procurement in building process is the lowest price. The legislation of Latvia permits that an estimate forming process does not include criterions of quality, durability, and the potential high cost of maintaining the building during the exploitation time. That allows the constructor to reduce the cost estimate by using cheaper construction product or technology and does not let to provide the highest possible quality and the basic principle of sustainable construction. One of possible construction cost reduction solutions is the replacement of building material with equal building material, at the same time assessing the quality and replacement impact on the direct costs of estimate. The tasks of the research are: (1) to do literature review on what is an estimate, what an estimate includes and the basis of estimate; (2) to analyse the existing construction estimate, to evaluate the used construction materials and to study technical characteristics of materials, to explore a specific construction junction; (3) to replace the selected construction materials with analogous, thus reducing the direct costs of estimate; (4) to evaluate the affect of the price of the construction material on quality; (5) to compare the obtained cost estimate with the current cost estimate; (6) to implement laboratory research and to compare technical characteristics of the construction materials and analogue materials in order to check if they are the performing parameters that are defined in the declaration of performance. After comparing of the obtained direct costs of construction and analysing the quality of construction materials it is possible to provide the most appropriate offer of the direct costs of estimate to satisfy the customer’s interests.

scholarly journals Fire-resistant cellulose boards from waste newspaper, boric acid salts and protein binders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paalo Moreno ◽  
Nicole Villamizar ◽  
Jefferson Perez ◽  
Angelica Bayona ◽  
Jesús Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Protein Binders

Abstract Housing construction consumes more materials than any other economic activity, with a total of 40.6 Gt/year. Boards are placed between construction materials to serve as non-load-bearing partitions. Studies have been performed to find alternatives to conventional materials using recycled fibers, agro-industrial waste, and protein binders as raw materials. Here, fire-resistant cellulose boards with low density and adequate flexural strength were produced for use as non-load-bearing partitions using waste newspapers, soy protein, boric acid, and borax. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the influence of the board component percentage on flame retardancy (UL 94 horizontal burning test), density (ASTM D1037-12) and flexural strength (ISO 178–2010). The cellulose boards were characterized by thermal analysis (ASTM E1131-14) and scanning electron microscopy. Fire-resistant cellulose boards were successfully made with low densities (120–170 kg/m3) and flexural strength (0.06–0.64 MPa). The mechanical performance and fire resistance of cellulose boards suggest their suitability for use as building materials. A useful and sustainable construction material with great potential is produced with the valorization of waste materials.

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