scholarly journals Novel Organic Fertilisers for Management of Root-Knot Disease of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
JJ Atungwu ◽  
GE Jude ◽  
TI Olabiyi ◽  
SB Orisajo
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Organic Fertilisers ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Organically Grown

Organic farming is currently receiving great impetus in Africa due to its potentials to improve nutrition, income and livelihoods of resource-poor smallholder farmers. Sustainable management of root-knot nematodes in organically grown soybean remain a major challenge in Africa. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three novel organic fertilisers (sunshine, neem, and IAR & T fertilisers) as organic nematicides for control of Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) in a susceptible soybean variety. The organic fertilisers were applied two weeks before planting. All three organic fertilisers were significant (P < 0.05) in reducing (96 – 99 %) Minematode populations in soil leading to 86 – 100 % improvement in soybean grain yield. There were high and positive relationships between plant heights stem girth and yield components. Root gall development on test crop was negatively correlated with plant growth (r = - 0.47 to – 0.48) and yield (r = - 0.57 to – 0.59).Keywords ·Root-knot nematodes · Neem · Soil amendments

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Genome expression dynamics reveals parasitism regulatory landscape of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and a promoter motif associated with effector genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Da Rocha ◽  
Caroline Bournaud ◽  
Julie Dazeniere ◽  
Peter Thorpe ◽  
Clement Pellegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Root-knot nematodes are the major contributor to the crop losses caused by nematodes. Root-knot nematodes secrete effectors into the plant, derived from two sets of pharyngeal gland cells, to manipulate host physiology and immunity. Successful completion of the life cycle, involving successive molts from egg to adult, covers morphologically and functionally distinct stages and will require precise control of gene expression, including effectors. The details of how root-knot nematodes regulate transcription remain sparse. Here, we report a life stage-specific transcriptome of Meloidogyne incognita. Combined with an available annotated genome, we explore the spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression. We reveal gene expression clusters and predicted functions that accompany the major developmental transitions. Focusing on effectors, we identify a putative cis-regulatory motif associated with expression in the dorsal glands: providing an insight into effector regulation. We combine the presence of this motif with several other criteria to predict a novel set of putative dorsal gland effectors. Finally, we show this motif, and thereby its utility, is broadly conserved across the Meloidogyne genus and termed it Mel-DOG. Taken together, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of spatio-temporal gene expression in a root-knot nematode, and identify a new set of candidate effector genes that will guide future functional analyses.

scholarly journals Planting Density and Soybean (Glycine max L.) Cultivars Effects on Yield Components in the Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Priscila Pereira Sacramento ◽  
Letícia Cunha da Hungria ◽  
Jamil Chaar El-Husny ◽  
Luis De Souza Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Glycine Max L

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density and cultivar of soybean on yield components in the southeast Amazon. The experiment was carried out in an Oxisol, with a randomized block design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme. The treatments were two soybean cultivars (BRS 9090 RR and BRS 8990 RR) and four planting densities (13, 15, 18 and 20 plants m-1), with three replications. First pod insertion height (IFP), plant height (H), number of pods per plant (NPP), grain yield (Y) and weight of 100 grains (W100) were evaluated. The insertion height of the first pod showed a tendency of increase with the increment of plants per linear meter for cultivar BRS 8990 RR, different of the behavior observed for the cultivar BRS 9090 RR, which only showed difference when the density of 300.000 plants ha-1 was tested. For plant height, among soybean cultivars, there was only difference in D400, with BRS 8990 RR showing a maximum height of 83.3 cm, 21% higher than BRS 9090 RR. When evaluated under D350, BRS 8990 RR showed an increase of 13% in the number of pods compared to BRS 9090 RR. Both cultivars showed linear behavior for the grain yield, increasing according the plant population, with the highest grain yield obtained under the density of 400.000 plants ha-1 (4527.3 kg ha-1). The weight of 100 grains was not influenced by any variation factor.

scholarly journals Induction of resistance and chemical management of mildew and Asian rust in soybean cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Daniel Claudio Grigolo ◽  
Jean Carlo Possenti ◽  
Marcieli Da Silva ◽  
Sergio Miguel Mazaro ◽  
Karina Guollo
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most cultivated in Brazil and has lost productivity due to the attack of disease pests. Thus, it is necessary to develop new technologies capable of reducing damages caused by such biological agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical management of ‘eyespot’ and the induction of resistance through the use of phosphites and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), in association with commercial fungicides, affect the quality of soybean seeds. The study was conducted in the field, during two consecutive harvests in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil, and a randomized blocks experimental designs was used. The response-variables evaluated were yield components, disease severity through specific diagrammatic scales, and seed quality attributes. The use of phosphite and ASM, with and without the combination of fungicides Glifosato, Azoxistrobina + Benzovindiflupir, Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol and Picoxistrobina + Ciproconazol did not reduce the severity of the mildew and asian soybean rust. The use of combinations of different fungicides was sufficient to mitigate the severity effects of the mildew and asian rust on soybean crop.

scholarly journals A Spatially Explicit Approach for Targeting Resource-Poor Smallholders to Improve Their Participation in Agribusiness: A Case of Nyando and Vihiga County in Western Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Mwehe Mathenge ◽  
Ben G. J. S. Sonneveld ◽  
Jacqueline E. W. Broerse
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Resource Poor

The majority of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa face myriad challenges to participating in agribusiness markets. However, how the spatially explicit factors interact to influence household decision choices at the local level is not well understood. This paper’s objective is to identify, map, and analyze spatial dependency and heterogeneity in factors that impede poor smallholders from participating in agribusiness markets. Using the researcher-administered survey questionnaires, we collected geo-referenced data from 392 households in Western Kenya. We used three spatial geostatistics methods in Geographic Information System to analyze data—Global Moran’s I, Cluster and Outliers Analysis, and geographically weighted regression. Results show that factors impeding smallholder farmers exhibited local spatial autocorrelation that was linked to the local context. We identified distinct local spatial clusters (hot spots and cold spots clusters) that were spatially and statistically significant. Results affirm that spatially explicit factors play a crucial role in influencing the farming decisions of smallholder households. The paper has demonstrated that geospatial analysis using geographically disaggregated data and methods could help in the identification of resource-poor households and neighborhoods. To improve poor smallholders’ participation in agribusiness, we recommend policymakers to design spatially targeted interventions that are embedded in the local context and informed by locally expressed needs.

scholarly journals Application of Biogas Digestate with Rice Straw Mitigates Nitrate Leaching Potential and Suppresses Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexi Wang ◽  
Seiya Chikamatsu ◽  
Tuya Gegen ◽  
Kozue Sawada ◽  
Koki Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Biogas Digestate

This study investigated the effects of biogas digestate application to soil with rice straw on nitrate leaching potential and nematicidal activity toward root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita. The following seven treatments were set up: (i) control (CONT); (ii) chemical fertilizer (CF); (iii) wet biogas digestate derived from pig manure (WBD); (iv) and (v) dry biogas digestate derived from a mixture of pig manure and rice straw at an initial C/N ratio of 20 and 30 (DBD20 and DBD30); (vi) and (vii) DBD20 mixed with rice straw to adjust the C/N ratio to 16 (Mix1) and 30 (Mix2), respectively. The application rate of CF and digestates was adjusted to 200 mg N kg−1 soil based on the inorganic ammonium nitrogen contents. Nitrate contents readily increased in all the treatments with incubation, except for Mix2, and those at day 90 were decreased with increasing initial labile C contents. Garden balsam was grown as a test plant for root-knot nematodes using the soils at day 90 and the results showed that the gall index was significantly lower in Mix2 and Mix1 than in CF. These results suggest that dry digestate mixed with rice straw might have potential for lower nitrate leaching and nematicidal properties.

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