Role of Platelets in the Pathogenicity of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis in Coronary Heart Diseases

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that results in coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and in many cases of stroke. It is a disease that involves multiple inflammatory cytokine which is regarded as the primary underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the developed and developing countries like Nigeria. From pathological perspective, the chronic inflammatory condition of atherosclerosis occurs due to interplay between platelets, monocytes, macrophages. Physiologically platelets play a significant role in coagulation and repair of endothelial injury. Pathologically, studies have shown that activated platelets release multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that serve as positive mediators of atherosclerosis. This chemokine is (RANTES, P-selectin and PF-4). Activated platelet release p-selectin that mediate platelet adhesion and rolling to injured endothelial cell, RANTES trigger the recruitment of monocytes into the sub- endothelium and PF4 promote the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages in the intimal layer of the endothelium which engulf ox-LDL to form FOAM cells. Thus, the aim of this review is to understand and describe the role of activated platelets in atherosclerosis as well as therapeutic target of these platelet inflammatory chemokines which is the major mediator of atherosclerosis in human.

Download Full-text

Role of Selected miRNAs as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases, Including Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction and Atherosclerosis

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd8020022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Rashid Mir ◽

Imadeldin Elfaki ◽

Naina Khullar ◽

Ajaz Ahmad Waza ◽

Chandan Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Prognostic Biomarkers ◽

Apoptotic Bodies ◽

Artery Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide in different cohorts. It is well known that miRNAs have a crucial role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. MiRNAs also have been reported to be associated with cardiac reactions, leading to myocardial infarction (MCI) and ultimately heart failure (HF). To prevent these heart diseases, proper and timely diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction is pivotal. Though there are many symptoms associated with an irregular heart condition and though there are some biomarkers available that may indicate heart disease, authentic, specific and sensitive markers are the need of the hour. In recent times, miRNAs have proven to be promising candidates in this regard. They are potent biomarkers as they can be easily detected in body fluids (blood, urine, etc.) due to their remarkable stability and presence in apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Existing studies suggest the role of miRNAs as valuable biomarkers. A single biomarker may be insufficient to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI); thus, a combination of different miRNAs may prove fruitful. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the role of circulating miRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI) and atherosclerosis.

Download Full-text

Platelet Function in Viral Immunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1726033 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Afaf Allaoui ◽

Akif A. Khawaja ◽

Oussama Badad ◽

Mariam Naciri ◽

Marie Lordkipanidzé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Blood Components ◽

Viral Immunity ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Activated Platelets ◽

Viral Receptors

AbstractPlatelets, as nonnucleated blood components, are classically recognized for their pivotal role in hemostasis. In recent years, however, accumulating evidence points to a nonhemostatic role for platelets, as active participants in the inflammatory and immune responses to microbial organisms in infectious diseases. This stems from the ability of activated platelets to secrete a plethora of immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as directly interplaying with viral receptors. While much attention has been given to the role of the cytokine storm in the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), less is known about the contribution of platelets to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we give a brief overview on the platelet contribution to antiviral immunity and response during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Download Full-text

Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the Inflammatory Response

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.694864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Namrita Kaur ◽

Yingshu Guan ◽

Rida Raja ◽

Andrea Ruiz-Velasco ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Complications ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Impact ◽

Precise Role

The incidence of heart failure (HF) continues to increase rapidly in patients with diabetes. It is marked by myocardial remodeling, including fibrosis, hypertrophy, and cell death, leading to diastolic dysfunction with or without systolic dysfunction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct myocardial disease in the absence of coronary artery disease. DCM is partially induced by chronic systemic inflammation, underpinned by a hostile environment due to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The detrimental role of leukocytes, cytokines, and chemokines is evident in the diabetic heart, yet the precise role of inflammation as a cause or consequence of DCM remains incompletely understood. Here, we provide a concise review of the inflammatory signaling mechanisms contributing to the clinical complications of diabetes-associated HF. Overall, the impact of inflammation on the onset and development of DCM suggests the potential benefits of targeting inflammatory cascades to prevent DCM. This review is tailored to outline the known effects of the current anti-diabetic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and natural compounds on inflammation, which mitigate HF progression in diabetic populations.

Download Full-text

A negatív érzelmek és a szív- és érrendszeri betegségek összefüggései

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2018.31221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 159 (48) ◽

pp. 2005-2010

Author(s):

Piroska Balog

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases ◽

Vital Exhaustion ◽

Symptoms Of Depression ◽

European Guidelines

Abstract: With regard to cardiovascular health, the role of negative emotions, particularly that of depression, anxiety, vital exhaustion and hostility has been studied the most widely. Mainly the somatic symptoms of depression and, out of anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety and panic disorder have been linked to cardiovascular diseases. Based on an analysis of interviews of patients having suffered myocardial infarction, it was found that vital exhaustion (a combination of loss of energy, increased irritability, and general demoralization) is a precursor of infarction. Vital exhaustion has proven to contribute to the development of coronary heart diseases, being one of the most important risk factors in both sexes. With regard to hostility, studies show that anger suppression and destructive anger expression (blaming others) are closely linked to a higher incidence of coronary heart diseases. Evidence shows that the relationship between negative emotions and cardiovascular diseases is one of a two-way causality, that is, the presence of a cardiovascular disease may also enhance negative emotions, low heart rate variability playing a crucial role in both diseases. This study also presents interview questions suggested by the European Guidelines (2016) to estimate negative emotions related to coronary heart diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(48): 2005–2010.

Download Full-text

GC-FID and NMR Spectroscopic Studies on Gamma Irradiated Walnut Lipids

Journal of Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2015/532762 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vassilia J. Sinanoglou ◽

Irini F. Strati ◽

Katerina Kokkotou ◽

Dimitra Lantzouraki ◽

Constantinos Makris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Irradiation Dose ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Protective Role ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases

Walnuts have an excellent fatty acid profile, beneficial for coronary heart diseases. A diet rich in walnuts has shown to decrease the total and LDL cholesterol levels as well as lipoprotein levels. In this study, the effects of different doses ofγ-irradiation and different packaging conditions on proximate composition and fatty acid profile of walnuts (Juglans regiaL.) were investigated merging data from different spectroscopic techniques. Walnuts moisture, ash, fat, and protein content as well as fatty acid profile were evaluated immediately after irradiation. GC-FID results showed that SFA increased and MUFA and PUFA decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. Moreover, MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA ratios decreasedP<0.05compared to control samples. Furthermore, NMR spectroscopy was implemented to examine possible discrimination patterns based on irradiation dose and packaging. This approach revealed the role of PUFA decrease with the parallel increase of irradiation dose while indicating the protective role of vacuum and MAP compared to air packaging. In conclusion, at irradiation doses of up to 5 kGy, the walnuts retained the nutritional benefits of its fatty acids, in particular MUFA and PUFA. Concerning the different types of packaging, greater stability in the nuts was observed using MAP packaging.

Download Full-text

Demographic Diversity of Food Intake and Prevalence of Kidney Stone Diseases in Indian Continent

10.20944/preprints201811.0434.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Manalee Guha ◽

Hritwick Banerjee ◽

Pubali Mitra ◽

Madhusudan Das

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Global Economy ◽

Bone Fractures ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Human Growth ◽

Good Health ◽

Idiopathic Hypercalciuria ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases

Food intake plays a pivotal role of human growth, which necessarily contributes 45% of global economy and wellbeing in general. Consumption of balanced food is elementary for overall good health while a shift of equilibrium can lead to malnutrition, prenatal death, obesity, osteoporosis and bone fractures, coronary heart diseases (CHD), idiopathic hypercalciuria, diabetes and many more. Though CHD, osteoporosis, malnutrition, obesity are being classified thoroughly in the literature, there are fragmented findings in the regime of kidney stone diseases (KSD) and the correlation with food intake therein. KSD associated with hematuria and renal failure poses an increasing threat to the healthcare and global economy while its emergence of Indian populations is being affected with multi-factorial urological disorder resulting from several factors. In this realm, epidemiological, biochemical, macroeconomic situations been portrayed when food intake is also a paramount importance which rarely been forecasted. Hence, in this article we will be reviewing the corollary connotation with diverse food consumption and the efficacy it plays in KSD extrapolating in Indian context.

Download Full-text

Platelets, atherothrombosis, and atherosclerosis

10.7287/peerj.preprints.2586 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Karl Egan ◽

Fionnuala Ni Ainle ◽

Dermot Kenny

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Antiplatelet Agents ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Arterial Circulation ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Ischemic Events ◽

Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In 2008 alone, 17.3 million deaths (representing 30% of all deaths) were attributable to the complications of cardiovascular disease. Of these deaths, 7.3 million were due to coronary artery disease while 6.2 million were attributable to stroke. Cardiovascular disease is expected to remain the leading cause of death globally, with the number of deaths expected to reach 23.6 million annually by 2030 (WHO statistics, 2012). Vascular disease arises through the complications of atherosclerosis, a complex chronic inflammatory condition affecting the arterial circulation. It leads to the development of vascular lesions or atherosclerotic plaques, which manifest as asymmetrical thickenings of the intima of medium to large sized elastic and muscular arteries. Arterial thrombosis on ruptured atherosclerotic plaques can lead to acute events, such as myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke. Platelets are the key cellular component of arterial thrombi with platelet adhesion under high shear conditions being central to atherothrombosis. In addition, platelets play a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for the role of platelets in atherothrombosis, notably the efficacy of antiplatelet agents in the prevention of ischemic events, and finally their role in the progression of atherosclerosis (atherogenesis).

Download Full-text

Metabolic Effects of Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis: Review Article

International Journal of Pharmacology Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.3.90 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 90-96

Author(s):

Waleed Samy Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Heart Diseases ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Water Extract ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Increase Insulin Secretion

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, which affects large number of population all over the world. Diabetes is associated with many complications as dyslipidemia, coronary heart diseases and non alcoholic fatty liver diseases. More than 400 traditional medicinal plants have been recorded for helping in controlling such disease. This review discusses the effects of most common plants (Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis) used in Saudi Arabia and some other Arab countries as antidiabetic agents. The usage of the mixture or each plant alone corrected the blood glucose level and increase insulin secretion with definite increase in the number and diameter of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic rats. Also, improve the associated dyslipidemia, and ameliorated most of all damage effects of Alloxan on hematological parameters present in diabetic rats. So, it can control most of the metabolic risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic. Finally, it appeared to be a useful agent in improving fatty changes in the liver texture associated with DM. It can be concluded that, water extract of the mixture of Foenugreek, Nigella and Termis is the most powerful in amelioration hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and most of all damage effects of Alloxan on the liver and hematological parameters.

Download Full-text

Abstract 16007: Myeloid-specific Deletion in Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase3 (plpp3) Increases Cardiac Inflammation

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.16007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Himi Tripathi ◽

Kazuhiro Shindo ◽

Renee Donahue ◽

Erhe Gao ◽

Andrew J Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Cardiac Remodeling ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Littermate Control ◽

Cell Content ◽

Coronary Heart Diseases ◽

Lipid Phosphate

Introduction and Hypothesis: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The innate immune response plays a major role in cardiac remodeling after AMI. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), produced by autotaxin (ATX) and degraded by Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), regulates monocytosis and promotes inflammation. However, the role of LPP3 in post-AMI inflammation is not understood. Here, we investigated the possible role of Myeloid-specific Plpp3 KO mice in cardiac and systemic inflammation and resulting in adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. Methods and Results: To generate mice with Myeloid-specific Plpp3 deletion , female Plpp3 fl/fl mice were crossed to male Plpp3 mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the LysM promoter to generate lysm-plpp3. mice. These mice and their littermate control underwent MI or sham surgery. Inflammatory cell content was assessed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cardiac function and scar size were assessed by echocardiography and Mason Trichrome staining, respectively. Increased number of Ly6C hi monocytes (CD45 + /Ly6C/G hi /CD115 hi ) and pro-inflammatory macrophages (CD45 + /F4-80 + /CD11b + ) (CD45 + /F4-80 + /CD86 + ), in cardiac tissue of Cre+LysM mice was observed compared to Cre-fl/fl littermate controls during peak post-MI inflammation, as assessed by flow cytometry ( Fig.1A-C ). This increase in inflammatory cells and inflammation may be the consequence of the significant increase in bone marrow and spleen progenitor cell count and proliferation. Moreover, Cre+LysM mice cardiac functional recovery was also reduced significantly ( Fig. 1D-F ) as assessed by echocardiography. Conclusion: Myeloid-specific Plpp3 deletion increases the deleterious effects of inflammation on the ischemic myocardium and ATX/ LPA signaling could represent a novel therapeutic target for future clinical studies of coronary heart diseases.

Download Full-text