Inhibition of Bacillus cereus by Garlic Extracts

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHIRA M. SALEEM ◽  
KHALAF S. Al-DELAIMY
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Original Activity

Aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum, L.) was prepared from a 1:2 (wt/vol) ratio of fresh garlic bulbs to sterilize distilled water. Garlic extracts of 3%, 5% and 10% inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus on nutrient agar plates 31.3%, 58.2% and 100%, respectively. Extracts from garlic bulbs stored at −18°C are slightly more inhibitory to the growth of B. cereus than extracts from bulbs stored at 15–35°C for 6 months. The greatest extract activity was found when garlic bulbs were extracted and left at 30°C for 4 h before filtration. When the macerate was held at 4°C, 6 h of storage were needed for the extract to reach its greatest activity. Gamma irradiation, at the dose of 570 krads, of garlic bulbs with subsequent freezing before extraction decreased the extracts original activity up to 50%. Exposing the extracts to heat treatments of 80–90°C for a total heating time of 5 min completely destroyed the antibacterial activity of the extract.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) ON STANDARD STRAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 2320-2322
Author(s):  
Gaurav Saxena ◽  
Kalpana Sadawarte ◽  
Kaore Navinchandra M.
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Allium Sativum

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Ocimum sanctum L. against certain bacterial species and phytochemical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Aparajita Gupta ◽  
Mandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Minimum Value

In the present study antibacterial efficacy of  aqueous and methanol extract obtained from leaves and stem of Ocimum sanctum L. was evaluated against certain test bacterial species viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. It is a traditional medicinal herb, commonly used for the treatment of various human health disorders.  The antibacterial activity was determined by using agar well diffusion method. Among the solvent extracts tested, aqueous extract of leaves exhibited higher antibacterial activity as compared to methanolic extract of leaves. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded 17.6 mm against Bacillus cereus and minimum value was recorded 14 mm against S. aureus. Maximum antibacterial efficacy of O. sanctum leaves was found 7.3mm against P. aeruginosa and minimum value was 5mm against B. cereus in methanolic extract. Similar trend has been observed in extract of stem of O. sanctum in aqueous and methanolic solvent. The antibacterial efficacy has been found nil in methanolic extract. However in aqueous extract moderate activity has been recorded i.e. 9.3 mm against E.coli and minimum 7.3 mm against K. pneumoniae. The trend of phytochemicals revealed non significant variation. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stem extracts of O. sanctum revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tanins, glycosides.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract from Dried Simplicia Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Against Bacillus cereus Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Athaillah Athaillah ◽  
Ugi Diana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Power ◽  
Dried Extract

This research is aimed to find out the extract activity dried simplisia of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as an antibacterial which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium, to find out the alkaloid secondary of metabolites, flavonoid, tannin and saponin that contained in dried extract of garlic and to find out a concentration that has the most antibacterial activity which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium. Garlic was extracted by maceration method using a solvent ethanol 96%. After the extract obtaned, then phtochemical screening and standardization test. Thickening technique by evaporation used vacum rotary evaporator until thick extarct was obtained. Antibacterial activity thest by using disk diffusion method. This research was used seven concentrations which were 20% (b/v), 30% (b/v). 40% (b/v), 50% (b/v), 60% (b/v), 80% (b/v)and100% (b/v). The result of phytochemical screening test, ethanol extract garlic (Allium sativum L.) positive contained compound alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Standardization of power simplisia fulfill the requirements set by Depkes RI 2000. The result of activity test of optimum antibacterial was obtained inhibitory power with the number 27 mm on 40% (b/v) concentration. This proves that garlic (Allium sativum L.) have antibacterial affects against Bacillus cereus bacterium

scholarly journals Herbominerals and Antibacterial Activities of Allium sativum L Extracts on Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kokori Bajeh Tijani ◽  
Danjuma Nuhu Muhammed ◽  
Janet I. Ejiofor ◽  
Busayo Olayinka ◽  
Abdullahi Attah Alfa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

Bacterial Meningitis (BM) is the most common serious infection of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). This research aims to determine the mineral composition and to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the Juice Extract of Allium Sativum, Ethanolic Extract of Allium Sativum and Aqueous Extract of Allium sativum (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS). The collected bulbs of A. sativum (600 g) were washed and air dried under shade for 2 hours and the dry scaly outer covering was peeled-off to obtain the fresh garlic cloves which were then divided into three parts of 200 g each. These three portions were crushed separately for cold extraction. The first portion was homogenized and poured into a muslin cloth to squeeze out the juice, while second and third portions were homogenized and submerged into 500 ml of 96% ethanol and 500 ml of distilled water respectively for 24 hours and both filtered after thorough shaking. The antibacterial activity of bulbs of A. sativum juice, ethanolic and aqueous (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS) extracts as folkloric medicine against clinical isolates were determined using Agar well diffusion and broth dilution method. Distilled water, concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used to digest the extract, which was then heated in water bath at 90ºC and filtered to obtain the filtrate for the analytical studies for A. sativum nutritional composition and zeolite herbominerals. The micro-herbominerals with their proximate values observed pharmacologic of Silver, Manganese, Zinc, Iron and Selenium; which has biocidal properties as well as immune system to cushioning the challenges of the BM pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and phytochemical screening of the extracts were evaluated. The results obtained showed that the juice and ethanolic extracts were potent, inhibiting the growth of clinical isolates with zone of inhibition ranging from 14-36 mm. The extracts inhibited bacterial isolates in concentration dependant manner with MICs ranging 0.02-15 mg/ml and MBCs 0.04-5 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinone, carbohydrates, fats and oils, steroidal ring, saponins and terpenoids. This experimental investigation has provided the scientific validation basis for the ethnomedical use of A. sativum as a remedy to treat bacterial meningitis locally as anti-infectious agent.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoaggregates using aqueous extract from Anacardium occidentale leaf: comparative study of different precursors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kwabena Droepenu ◽  
Ebenezer Aquisman Asare ◽  
Boon Siong Wee ◽  
Rafeah Binti Wahi ◽  
Frederick Ayertey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Zinc Acetate Dihydrate ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Acetate Dihydrate

Abstract Background Various parts of Anacardium occidentale plant possess curative qualities like antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant. Aqueous extract of this plant leaf was used in biosynthesizing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoaggregates using two precursors of zinc salt (zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O] and zinc chloride [ZnCl2]). The synthesized ZnO samples were used in a comparative study to investigate the antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes [Staphylococcus aureus, Exiguobacterium aquaticum (Gram +ve) and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii (Gram −ve)]. The synthesized ZnO nanoaggregates from the two precursors were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Results Micrographs of SEM and TEM confirmed nanoparticles agglomerated into aggregates. While spherical nanoaggregates were identified in samples prepared from Zn(CH3COO)2∙2H2O, flake-like structures were identified in samples synthesized from ZnCl2. Particle size determined by TEM was 107.03 ± 1.54 nm and 206.58 ± 1.86 nm for zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride precursors respectively. ZnO nanoaggregate synthesized using zinc acetate as precursor gave higher antibacterial activity than its counterpart, zinc chloride with K. pneumonia recording the highest inhibition zone of 2.08 ± 0.03 mm (67.53%) whereas S. aureus recorded the least inhibition zone of 1.06 ± 0.14 mm (34.75%) for ZnO nanoaggregate from zinc chloride precursor. Also, antibacterial activity increases with increasing concentration of the extract in general. However, A. baumannii, E. aquaticum, and K. pneumoniae did not follow the continuity trend with regards to the 250 ppm and 500 ppm concentrations. Conclusion Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoaggregates using aqueous extract of A. occidentale leaf from zinc acetate dihydrate and zinc chloride as precursors was successful with the formation of nanospheres and nanoflakes. The study suggested that A. occidentale sp. could be an alternative source for the production of ZnO nanoparticles and are efficient antibacterial compounds against both Gram +ve and Gram −ve microbes with its promising effect against infectious bacteria.

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