High Prevalence of Multiple Resistance to Antibiotics in 144 Listeria Isolates from Spanish Dairy and Meat Products

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 938-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMINA ROTA ◽  
JAVIER YANGÜELA ◽  
DOMINGO BLANCO ◽  
JUAN J. CARRAMIÑANA ◽  
AGUSTIN ARIÑO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test

The resistance to 12 commonly used antimicrobial agents of 144 foodborne isolates belonging to the genus Listeria (23 L. monocytogenes, 54 L. innocua, 66 L. seeligeri, and 1 L. welshimeri) was tested by using the agar disc-diffusion assay. The Listeria strains were isolated from dairy products (different varieties of unripened fresh and bacteria-ripened hard cheeses made from ewe's, cow's, and goat's milk) and meat products (longaniza, a type of pork sausage). A total of 84 (93%) and 54 (100%) Listeria strains isolated from cheese and pork sausage, respectively, were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents. More than 80% of the Listeria strains of both food origins were found to be susceptible to penicillin G and ampicillin, whereas the proportion of isolates resistant to the cephalosporins cefotaxime and cefoxitin was nearly 100%. The prevalence of resistance was much higher for isolates from pork sausage (73.8% on average) than for isolates from cheese (20.9%). This marked difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi-square test) for all antibiotics except ampicillin, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. The strains of the foodborne pathogen L. monocytogenes isolated from cheese were all susceptible to 9 of the 12 antimicrobial agents evaluated. In contrast, more than 80% of the L. monocytogenes strains isolated from pork sausage exhibited resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, tobramycin, amikacin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin. The appearance of substantial resistance to antibiotics in foodborne Listeria isolates suggests the need for more prudent use of antibiotics by farmers, veterinarians, and physicians.

scholarly journals Listerial contamination of raw beef and chevon in north-central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aleruchi Chuku ◽  
Godwin Attah Obande ◽  
Sani Bashir Eya
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Meat Samples

Background and objective: Listeria sp. is a ubiquitous and frequently isolated foodborne pathogen. The prevalence of Listeria sp in raw beef and chevon sold in Lafia Nigeria, as well as their antibiotic susceptibility profile was evaluated. Methods: A total 104 samples comprising of 52 raw beef and 52 chevon were obtained from street vendors (hawkers), Shinge abattoir, Lafia old market and Lafia Modern Market. Isolation of Listeria sp. was performed on Listeria Selective Agar, following enrichment in supplemented Listeria Selective Broth. Identification of Listeria sp. was carried out by cultural and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated L. monocytogenes was performed by standard disk diffusion method. Chi-square test was used to determine association between contamination levels at p=0.05. Results: Seven types of Listeria sp. were isolated. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii were the most frequently isolated contaminants in all meat types and from all sample sources. L. monocytogenes was isolated with a frequency of 64.4% (67/104) in the meat samples. Beef samples had the highest listerial contamination with a frequency of 58.2% (78/134) compared to chevon which had a listerial frequency of 41.8% (56/134). Resistance of L. monocytogenes to streptomycin and sparfloxacin was 58.2% and 55.2% respectively. Resistance to ampicillin (34.3%) and gentamicin (20.9%) was also observed. Resistances to multiple antimicrobials were detected in 11 L. monocytogenes isolates. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the raw meat sold in Lafia was contaminated with several Listeria sp. L. monocytogenes showed high rate of resistance to several antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of listerial infection. Appropriate regulation and monitoring of livestock rearing and meat retailing practices are advocated to safeguard the health of consumers. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 1-8

scholarly journals Distribution of the ACME-arcA gene among meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus and identification of a novel ccr allotype in ACME-arcA-positive isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borui Pi ◽  
Meihong Yu ◽  
Yagang Chen ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
Lanjuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Arca Gene

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of ACME (arginine catabolic mobile element)-arcA-positive isolates among meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). ACME-arcA, native arcA and SCCmec elements were detected by PCR. Susceptibilities to 10 antimicrobial agents were compared between ACME-arcA-positive and -negative isolates by chi-square test. PFGE was used to investigate the clonal relatedness of ACME-arcA-positive isolates. The phylogenetic relationships of ACME-arcA and native arcA were analysed using the neighbour-joining methods of mega software. A total of 42 (47.7 %) of 88 isolates distributed in 13 PFGE types were positive for the ACME-arcA gene. There were no significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between ACME-arcA-positive and -negative isolates. A novel ccr allotype (ccrAB SHP) was identified in ACME-arcA-positive isolates. Among 42 ACME-arcA-positive isolates: 8 isolates harboured SCCmec V, 8 isolates harboured class C1 mec complex and ccrAB SHP; 22 isolates harbouring class C1 mec complex and 4 isolates harbouring class C2 mec complex were negative for all known ccr allotypes. The ACME-arcA-positive isolates were first found in MRSH with high prevalence and clonal diversity, which suggests a mobility of ACME within MRSH. The results from this study revealed that MRSH is likely to be one of the potential reservoirs of ACME for Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Prevalence of back pain among high school students in a municipality in southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Detsch Fonseca ◽  
Cláudia Tarragô Candotti ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
Anna Maria Hecker Luz ◽  
Antônio Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain in adolescent girls, and determine whether this pain is associated with socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, and behavioral factors. Methods: This was an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 495 female high school students, aged 14 to 18 years, in the municipality of São Leopoldo in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with closed, standardized, coded, and tested questions. Bivariate analysis included the chi-square test (x2) and calculation of prevalence ratios (α<0.05). Results: The prevalence of back pain was 75.2%. The thoracic-lumbar (30.4%) and lumbar (27.7%) regions of the spine were most affected. Among the students with pain, 60.5% reported the severity of their pain to be moderate to severe, and 21.2% reported that the pain prevented them from performing activities of daily living. Regarding associated factors, the pain was more prevalent in overweight/obese students (RP = 1.246, 95% CI: 1.137 to 1.366), who reported carrying a heavy school backpack/bag (PR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.314) and those who had incorrect posture when picking up objects from the floor (PR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.031 to 1.256). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of back pain associated with body mass index, reported weight of the student's school backpack/bag, and posture when picking up objects from the floor.

scholarly journals Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorders in Iranian Dental and Nondental Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farideh Bahrani ◽  
Parnian Ghadiri ◽  
Mahroo Vojdani
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to define the prevalence and severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among Iranian dental and nondental students who attended Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Materials and methods The samples consisted of 200 subjects, 100 dental and 100 nondental students (equal distribution between males and females). Subjects ages ranged from 18 to 30 years (24.07 ± 2.93). A functional evaluation was performed using the Helkimo dysfunction index (Di). Data were evaluated by the Chi-square test. Results Among the total study population, 71% showed some degree of dysfunction. Prevalence ratio in dental students was 80%, while in nondental students was 62% (p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.679). With respect to gender, women (80%) were more affected than men (62%). A significant relationship was found between gender and the occurrence of TMD (p < 0.05). Conclusion A high prevalence of signs of TMD in Iranian university students was seen which was greater in dental students and women. Clinical significance The results of this study showed that the prevalence of TMD among dental students and women was significantly higher than nondental students and men. These findings might be due to poor postural style or emotional stress during dental practice. How to cite this article Bahrani F, Ghadiri P, Vojdani M. Comparison of Temporomandibular Disorders in Iranian Dental and Nondental Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(2): 173-177.

Prevalence of Five Biofilm-Related Oral Streptococci Species from Plaque

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemthong Mitrakul ◽  
Yuwadee Asvanund ◽  
Kudkao Vongsavan
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries

Objective: To examine the prevalence of five oral streptococci species of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free (CF) groups. Study design: Supra gingival plaque samples were obtained from 198 Thai children with ages ranging from one to six years old. Eighty-seven subjects had no caries (dmft=0), and 111 had S-ECC. After DNA extraction, S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. oralis, and S. gordonii were identified by standard PCR using species-specific primers. Statistical analysis determined the differences among prevalence rates of each species using Pearson chi-square test. The relationship among dmft score, age, sex and caries status within each group was analyzed by logistical regression (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Sex was not correlated with any of the species detected in both groups (mean age =3.09, mean±SD of dmft=11.04±7.89). S. mutans was found at greatest prevalence in both groups followed by S. oralis. S. gordonii was detected at a high prevalence, but S. sobrinus and S. sanguinis were lower in S-ECC when compared with those from the CF group. Conclusion: S. mutans was associated significantly with S-ECC (p ≤ 0.05). Caries prevalence was highest (56.5%) in subjects infected by S. mutans alone. S. sanguinis prevalence was higher in the CF group, but not statiscally different. Infection with MS did not show higher caries prevalence.

scholarly journals Prevalência de lesões em atletas de Brazilian jiu-jitsu: comparação entre diferentes níveis competitivos

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nelson da Silva Júnior ◽  
Rafael Lima Kons ◽  
Rodolfo André Dellagrana ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study aimed to identify types and sites of body injury, location of injury occurrence, and the mechanism and severity of injuries in novice and advanced Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. One hundred and eight BJJ athletes took part in this study separated in two groups: advanced (n = 53) and novice (n = 55). Athletes answered a questionnaire concerning regions of injury, locality of occurrence, injury severity and mechanism. Chi square test and a logistic regression analysis were used with the level of significance set at p < 0.05. The main results showed that shoulders and knees were the most injury location reported by novice and advanced athletes. Novice athletes demonstrated higher prevalence of injuries during training sessions (54.5%), whereas advanced athletes reported more injuries during competitions (66.1%). Significant associations between novice and advanced athletes were observed for major joints (p < 0.05). The odds ratio of having injury was 70-87% less for novice versus advanced athletes for the major joints cited. We concluded that BJJ athletes demonstrate high prevalence of injury mainly at knee and shoulder. While risk of injury appeared less in novice, the advanced demonstrated higher number of injuries during competitions as a consequence of injured joint keys. By contrast, novice athletes reported higher number of injuries associated with training sessions as a consequence of overuse.

scholarly journals Prevalence and level of infection by endoparasites in different categories of sheep in the Western Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2419-2428
Author(s):  
Antonio José Souza da Silva ◽  
◽  
Rafael Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Antonia Valcemira Domingos de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Barreto de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Animal ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
And Control

This study aimed to understand the epidemiology of the main gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting sheep raised in the municipality of Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil. A total of 178 fecal samples were collected from sheep raised in an extensive system of 10 farms. The samples were grouped into lambs, ewe lambs, lambing ewes, ewes, and rams for laboratory analysis by the flotation technique for counting eggs per gram of feces (EGF), oocysts of Eimeria sp., and presence of eggs of Moniezia sp. The analyzed variables consisted of the prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia and intensity of strongylid and coccidium infection by quantification (mean ± SE) of eggs and oocysts. Prevalence data were compared by the chi-square test and intensity of infection (mean ± SE) by the Scott-Knott test (SAEG 9.1), both with P < 0.05. The overall prevalence was 77.6%, reaching 64.15% for strongylids, 36.2% for coccidia, and 8.81% for cestodes (Moniezia sp.). Ewes had the lowest prevalence (52.5%), while lambs had a prevalence of 95.5%, not differing from the others (P < 0.05). The intensity of infection by nematodes showed that lambs had the highest EGF compared to ewes, with values of 1297±270 and 232±79, respectively. The categories lambing ewes, ewes, and rams presented an average EGF below what is indicated for treatment with drugs. The highest intensity of infection was observed for ewe lambs (5859±3648), exceeding acceptable rates. Sheep raised in Sena Madureira has a high prevalence for verminosis by strongylids and a low prevalence for coccidiosis and cestodiasis. Young animal categories present a high health risk for endoparasitoses, and management measures that collaborate with the prophylaxis and control of these diseases should be adopted.

scholarly journals Behavioural perspective of tobacco use among youth of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central part of India

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Rahul Narayan Gaikwad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Current Tobacco ◽  
Youth Perspective

Objective: This study was conducted to find out the youth perspective about the use of tobacco and its ill effects. The survey was conducted at a private Engineering college of Nagpur, Maharashtra India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with self-administered modified Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Eight hundred nine college students of age group between 17 year-24years were included in this study. The questionnaire comprised of information on socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaire was used to gather data on knowledge, attitude and practices of participants about tobacco use. Data analysis was performed by using chi-square test and Statistical significance was measured at a level of 0.05. Result: Out of 806 total participants, 136 (16.8) were current tobacco consumers, significantly high prevalence of tobacco use was observed among boys 106 (13.1) than girls 30 (3.7). Moreover, a higher number of boys 106 (13.1) started smoking at young adolescent age (13- 20 years) than girls30 (3.7). Conclusion: The findings in the study suggest that tobacco use is still an important risk behavior amongst students. Tobacco use was comparatively higher amongst boys though its use is not restricted to them only. There is a need to plan to gather nationwide baseline data on the use of tobacco by young adolescents and the factors associated with initiation of tobacco habit.KeywordsGlobal youth tobacco survey (GYTS); Tobacco prevalence; Tobacco use among youth.

scholarly journals KORELASI PENGETAHUAN, KEPUASAN, MOTIVASI DENGAN KONSISTENSI PEMAKAIAN KONDOM PADA PELANGGAN WPS DI SUNAN KUNING

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Dwi Wirastri ◽  
Sri Maryati Deliana ◽  
Siti Baitul Mukaromah
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Condom Usage ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Data profil kesehatan kota Semarang tahun 2014 menunjukkan kasus IMS mengalami peningkatan selama 5 tahun terakhir, tahun 2010 sejumlah 2493 dan tahun 2014 sebanyak 5749 kasus. Penggunaan kondom yang rendah mengakibatkan tingginya prevalensi IMS. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengetahuan, kepuasan, motivasi dengan konsistensi pemakaian kondom untuk mencegah penularan IMS pada Pelanggan. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel berjumlah 30 dengan teknik insidental sampling. Hasil uji Chi Square nilai p=0,593 yaitu tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan konsistensi pemakain kondom. hasil uji Chi Square nilai p=0,166 yaitu tidak ada hubungan antara kepuasan dengan konsistensi pemakain kondom. uji Chi Square nilai p=0,015 yaitu ada hubungan antara motivasi dengan konsistensi pemakain kondom.  multivariat menunjukan bahwa Motivasi memiliki p< 0,05. Saran yang peneliti rekomendasikan adalah sosialisasi pemberian informasi pentingnya penggunaan kondom pada pelanggan WPS untuk menekan angka kejadian IMS.   Kata kunci : pengetahuan, kepuasan, motivasi, konsistensi pemakaian kondom       ABSTRACT Health profile in Semarang city data in 2014 showed cases of STIs have increased over the last 5 years, in 2010 a number of 2493 and 2014 as many as 5749 cases. Low condom use resulted in a high prevalence of STIs. The aim of research to analyze knowledge, satisfaction, motivation with the consistency of the use of condoms to prevent the transmission of STIs on customers. This research method is quantitative with cross sectional design. Samples numbered 30 with incidental sampling technique. The result of Chi Square test p= 0.593 there is no correlation between knowledge and consistency of condom usage. the results of Chi Square test p-value = 0.166 there is no relationship between satisfaction with the consistency of condom usage. Chi square test p = 0.015 there is a relationship between motivation and consistency of condom usage. Multivariate showed that motivation has a p <0.05. Suggestions researchers recommend is the provision of information dissemination on the importance of condom use WPS customers to suppress the incidence of STIs. Keywords : knowledge , satisfaction , motivation , use condoms consistency

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of hypertension in gazetted officers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Prakash Dudhani ◽  
Sanjay Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

Background: There was a strong correlation between increase in hypertension and changing lifestyle factors. The problem which lies with the hypertension is that it cannot be cured completely. And its management requires lifelong medication with some life-style modifications. Decreased physical activities coupled with increased mental tension are important contributors of hypertension. They are usually seen amongst employees of the profession where working is typically sedentary.  The main objectives were to study on prevalence of hypertension and risk factors among Government Gazetted officers of Maharashtra, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried among gazetted officers working in various departments of state Government for a period of one year in Solapur district. 355 Gazetted Government officers of class I & class II cadre were studied. Blood pressure was measured with a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Chi-square test was applied to assess risk factors.Results: In present study, the prevalence of hypertension among Gazetted officers was observed 20.28%. There was significant positive association was found between age and prevalence of hypertension. And also it was found significantly higher in men than women. The association between education and hypertension found to be statistically significant (P<0.001), while there was no association between socioeconomic status and hypertension was found (P=0.33). Prevalence of hypertension was noted higher at every level of BMI. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in smokers, alcoholic and had significant association (P<0.05).Conclusions: We conclude that, because of high prevalence of hypertension in Gazetted officers, periodically they should be screened for the same.

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