Pulsed Electric Field Processing of Foods: A Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. JEYAMKONDAN ◽  
D. S. JAYAS ◽  
R. A. HOLLEY
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
The Cost

Use of pulsed electric fields (PEFs) for inactivation of microorganisms is one of the more promising nonthermal processing methods. Inactivation of microorganisms exposed to high-voltage PEFs is related to the electromechanical instability of the cell membrane. Electric field strength and treatment time are the two most important factors involved in PEF processing. Encouraging results are reported at the laboratory level, but scaling up to the industrial level escalates the cost of the command charging power supply and of the high-speed electrical switch. In this paper, we critically review the results of earlier experimental studies on PEFs and we suggest the future work that is required in this field. Inactivation tests in viscous foods and in liquid food containing particulates must be conducted. A successful continuous PEF processing system for industrial applications has yet to be designed. The high initial cost of setting up the PEF processing system is the major obstacle confronting those who would encourage the system's industrial application. Innovative developments in high-voltage pulse technology will reduce the cost of pulse generation and will make PEF processing competitive with thermal-processing methods.

Application of Electric Field during the Heat Treatment: The Device Development and the Effect on Mechanical Properties of AA 6082

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Zhen Hai Xu ◽  
Chao Ran Ding ◽  
De Bin Shan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Nickel Wire ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Device Development ◽  
The Cost

With the ever-increasing concern about the energy and environment crises, aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly desirable in the automotive, aerospace, construction and other related industries due to their high specific strength. Various heat-treatment–stamping integrated techniques have been invented to address the formability challenge of aluminum alloy sheets. Electric field affects the heat treatment process of aluminum alloys. In this paper, a device for application of electric field during the heat treatment was developed. The maximum dimensions of specimen are determined via observing the distortion of metal sheets after quenching in cool water. The high-temperature resistant pure nickel wire gains a high-voltage proof performance by wearing bowl-shaped porcelain tubes, and is used to connect electrodes to power supply. The high-voltage resistant mica plates are bolted together to fill the gap between the specimen and electrode. This device was then used in a common commercial furnace to study the effect of electric field applied during the heat treatment on mechanical properties of AA 6082 sheets. It is found that electric field could enhance mechanical properties of AA 6082. The application of electric field has a potential to lower the cost of heat-treatment–stamping integrated techniques.

Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in Milk by Pulsed Electric Field

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1203-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA D. REINA ◽  
Z. TONY JIN ◽  
Q. HOWARD ZHANG ◽  
AHMED E. YOUSEF
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Treatment Temperature

Pasteurized whole, 2%, and skim milk were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and treated with high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF). The effects of milk composition (fat content) and PEF parameters (electric field strength, treatment time, and treatment temperature) on the inactivation of the bacterium were studied. No significant differences were observed in the inactivation of L. monocytogenes Scott A in three types of milk by PEF treatment. With treatment at 25°C, 1- to 3-log reductions of L. monocytogenes were observed. PEF lethal effect was a function of field strength and treatment time. Higher field strength or longer treatment time resulted in a greater reduction of viable cells. A 4-log reduction of the bacterium was obtained by increasing the treatment temperature to 50°C. Results indicate that the use of a high-voltage PEF is a promising technology for inactivation of foodborne pathogens.

High-speed, high-voltage pulse generation using avalanche transistor

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 054708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gou Yong-sheng ◽  
Liu Bai-yu ◽  
Bai Yong-lin ◽  
Qin Jun-jun ◽  
Bai Xiao-hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Voltage Pulse ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Voltage Pulse ◽  
Pulse Generation

scholarly journals Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) for Spacers in Gas Insulated Systems: A Concise Review and Some Comments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 7887-7891
Author(s):  
K. L. Wong ◽  
M. Danikas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Future Challenges

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) present a solution to control electrical stresses in high voltage applications. In this paper, a concise review is presented on the FGMs for spacers in gas-insulated systems. FGMs offer the possibility of a more even electric field distribution and thus a viable solution for industrial applications. FGMs are investigated here primarily as materials for permittivity control. Some aspects of FGMs are discussed as well as some thoughts on future challenges.

scholarly journals Laboratory and industrial studies of gas coal ignition and combustion using high-voltage AC plasmatron

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Evgenii Butakov ◽  
Anatoliy Burdukov
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Ignition And Combustion

This paper presents experimental studies and industrial applications of a promising method for igniting and combusting coal fuel using a high-voltage AC plasmatron. Experimental studies were carried out at a setup with a thermal capacity of up to 5 MW. Kuznetsk long flame coal selected after a ball-drum mill with sieve residue R90 = 15%, was taken as an experimental sample. The first experimental data on implementation of the combustion process have been obtained. Introduction and first industrial tests of the high-voltage AC plasmatron were carried out using a real power boiler TP-10 with an output capacity of 220 tons of steam per hour with gas and fuel oil replacement by coal during the process of boiler start-up.

scholarly journals Application of WOA–SVR in Seed Vigor of High-Voltage Electric Field Treatment on Aged Cotton (Gossypium spp.) Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Zhanhua Song ◽  
Junxiang Ma ◽  
Qian Peng ◽  
Baoji Liu ◽  
Fade Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Gossypium Spp ◽  
Whale Optimization ◽  
Input Variables

When seeds are treated with a high-voltage electric field (HVEF) to improve seed vigor, due to the large differences in the biological electromagnetic effects on different types of seeds, the methods of variance analysis and regression analysis based on data statistics are generally used to construct the optimal electric field dose prediction model; however, the generalization performance of the prediction model tends to be poor. To solve this problem, the electric intensity, frequency and treatment time were taken as the input variables for hybrid support vector regression (SVR) analysis to establish the prediction model of the seed comprehensive germination index. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) was used to optimize the kernel parameters of the SVR. The optimized hybrid WOA–SVR model predicted the optimal comprehensive germination index of aged cotton (Gossypium spp.) seeds to be 329, the optimal HVEF dosage was 3.64 kV/cm × 99 s, and the frequency was 1.4 Hz. The aged cotton seeds were treated with the optimal HVEF and the germination test was carried out. Compared with the check (CK), the comprehensive germination index of seeds increased by 48%. The research results provided a new method and new idea for the optimal design of parameters for seed treatment with HVEF.

Multifunction Synchro-to-Digital Conversion on Software Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Ze Gang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Digital Conversion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

The current Synchro-to-Digital conversion (S/DC)with high reliability, high accuracy and widely used in the military field, but it has high cost and low tracking speed, not suitable for high speed and low-cost industrial applications. In this work, the principle of synchro and the harmonics of the synchro output signals are investigated. Multifunction S/DC software design using FFT algorithm and IIR digital filter technology is proposed. It Integrated many functions, such as angle position, harmonics analysis and filter, it also improved measurement accuracy and speed, reduced the cost. The simulation results by Matlab show that the method is feasible.

scholarly journals Experimental studies of the thermal management system for an electric vehicle in the X-In-The-Loop environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012120
Author(s):  
R H Kurmaev ◽  
A A Umnitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Management System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This article presents the experience of conducting experimental studies of the thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor, in the X-In-the-Loop environment. The paper describes the experimental bench of the thermal management system, which makes it possible to simulate the operating conditions of the high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle from the point of view of thermal-hydraulic characteristics. A brief description of the mathematical model used in real-time calculations during both local and collaborative experimental studies is given. The process of collaborative testing of the TMS of high-voltage components of the traction drive of an electric vehicle, in the X-In-the-Loop environment, as well as the results, is demonstrated. A similar approach used in the development of TMS allows increasing the efficiency of the system developed, by optimizing the control algorithm for the executive devices of the TMS, reducing the weight, as well as the overall dimensions of the components, and conducting a detailed analysis of each component. It is also worth noting that the use of collaborative experimental research in the X-In-the-Loop environment will reduce the cost of the experiment, as well as, ultimately, the cost of the product, since with such an approach there is no need for a real test object for each company engaged in the development of one or another electric.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF INFLUENCE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL FIELD ON SOWING QUALITY OF CEREAL SEEDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Ivan Solovey
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
High Frequency Electric Field ◽  
Frequency Electric Field

A study on the effect of high-frequency electric field on cereal seeds to increase seed germination and plant growth is presented. The study was conducted in the treatment of winter wheat seeds. High-voltage electric fields are one of the promising means of influencing crop seeds. One of the areas of use of high frequency high voltage electric fields is pre-sowing seed treatment, storage and processing. Experimental studies were conducted in the laboratory on a specially designed installation using a high-frequency high-voltage source. Processing doses have been established which make it practical to use a high-frequency, high-voltage electric field in electrotechnical winter wheat seed systems. Positive influence of high-frequency electric field on increase of sowing qualities and yielding properties of seeds is established. The optimal mode for determining the winter wheat field is the micro field, the mode is 16.8 kJ per 1 kg energy, the hour is 4 seconds, and the laboratory laboratory is 20% similar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document