Cyclosporiasis Epidemiologically Linked to Consumption of Green Onions: Houston Metropolitan Area, August 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
N. B. HALL ◽  
R. J. CHANCEY ◽  
A. A. KEATON ◽  
V. HEINES ◽  
V. CANTU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Houston Metropolitan Area

ABSTRACT During July 2017, Texas public health officials noted an increase in the number of reported cyclosporiasis cases. They detected a cluster in the Houston metropolitan area that involved four locations of a Mediterranean restaurant chain, restaurant A. A case-control study was conducted among patrons of restaurant A to identify a common food vehicle among items containing fresh produce. In matched case-control ingredient-level analyses that included both probable and confirmed cases, consumption of green onions, red onions, tomatoes, and cabbage was significantly associated with illness. A substantial percentage of case patients reported consumption of green onions, and only green onions remained statistically significantly associated with illness, whether probable and confirmed cases were included in analyses (matched odds ratio: 11.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.5 to 104.7), or only confirmed cases were included in analyses (matched odds ratio: 17.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.5 to 775.7). These results provide evidence that green onions were the likely vehicle of infection. It was not possible to trace the green onions to their source due to the need to redirect public health resources to Hurricane Harvey response efforts in Texas. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Imported rocket salad partly responsible for increased incidence of hepatitis A cases in Sweden, 2000-2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nygård ◽  
Y Andersson ◽  
P Lindkvist ◽  
C Ancker ◽  
I Asteberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Obvious Source ◽  
Control Study

An increased incidence of domestic hepatitis A without any obvious source of infection in Sweden and a small outbreak in late spring 2001 led to the undertaking of a case-control study. Consumption of imported rocket salad was clearly associated with disease (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 69). The importation of vegetables from countries where hepatitis A is endemic to countries where this disease is not endemic continues to be a public health problem.

Outbreak ofSalmonellaStrathcona caused by datterino tomatoes, Denmark, 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2802-2811 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MÜLLER ◽  
C. KJELSØ ◽  
C. FRANK ◽  
T. JENSEN ◽  
M. TORPDAHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Population Register ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn September 2011, a patient cluster with a rareSalmonellaserotype – Strathcona – was identified in Denmark. An outbreak investigation was initiated to reveal the source in order to stop the outbreak. In addition to hypothesis-generating interviews, comparable analyses of patients’ household shopping receipts were conducted. A matched case-control study with 25 cases and 56 population register controls was conducted to test the findings of the hypothesis-generating investigation. In total, 43 cases ofSalmonellaStrathcona were reported in Denmark. Additionally, 28 cases were reported from Germany, Italy, Austria and Belgium. The results of the investigation in Denmark showed that 8/10 cases had bought datterino tomatoes prior to disease onset. Illness was associated with a specific supermarket chain [matched odds ratio (mOR) 16·9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2–130], and having consumed elongated small tomatoes (OR 28·1, 95% CI 2·6–302). Traceback investigation showed that the tomatoes came from an Italian producer. This outbreak, linked to tomatoes, underpins the growing recognition of the broad source range ofSalmonellaand the ability of fresh produce to cause multi-country outbreaks. It is important to strengthen the international cooperation between public-health and food-safety authorities in the European Union to investigate future multi-country outbreaks in order to prevent illness from ready-to-eat produce.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii exposure and epilepsy: A matched case-control study in a public hospital in northern Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211876776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽  
Yazmin del Rosario Rico-Almochantaf ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Tinoco ◽  
Gerardo Quiñones-Canales ◽  
Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between infection with Toxoplasma gondii and epilepsy in patients attended to in a public hospital in the northern Mexican city of Durango. Methods: We performed an age- and gender-matched case-control study of 99 patients suffering from epilepsy and 99 without epilepsy. Sera of participants were analyzed for anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassays. Seropositive samples to T. gondii were further analyzed for detection of T. gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 10 (10.1%) of the 99 cases and in 6 (6.1%) of the 99 controls (odds ratio = 1.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.60–4.99; p = 0.43). High (> 150 IU/mL) levels of anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies were found in 6 of the 99 cases and in 4 of the 99 controls (odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.41–5.60; p = 0.74). Anti- T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 2 of the 10 IgG seropositive cases, and in 2 of the 6 IgG seropositive controls (odds ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval: 0.05–4.97; p = 0.60). T. gondii DNA was not found in any of the 10 anti- T. gondii IgG positive patients. Bivariate analysis of IgG seropositivity to T. gondii and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and related Health Problems, 10th Edition codes of epilepsy showed an association between seropositivity and G40.1 code (odds ratio = 22.0; 95% confidence interval: 2.59–186.5; p = 0.008). Logistic regression analysis showed an association between T. gondii infection and consumption of goat meat (odds ratio = 6.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–34.64; p = 0.02), unwashed raw vegetables (odds ratio = 26.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.61–265.23; p = 0.006), and tobacco use (odds ratio = 6.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–36.66; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Results suggest that T. gondii infection does not increase the risk of epilepsy in our setting; however, infection might be linked to specific types of epilepsy. Factors associated with T. gondii infection found in this study may aid in the design of preventive measures against toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Plasma acylcarnitines and risk of lower-extremity functional impairment in older adults: a nested case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
Ellen A. Struijk ◽  
Alberto Lana ◽  
Antonio Buño ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractElevated concentrations of acylcarnitines have been associated with higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between L-carnitine and acylcarnitine profiles, and 2-year risk of incident lower-extremity functional impairment (LEFI). This case–control study is nested in the Seniors-ENRICA cohort of community-dwelling older adults, which included 43 incident cases of LEFI and 86 age- and sex- matched controls. LEFI was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery. Plasma L-carnitine and 28 acylcarnitine species were measured. After adjusting for potential confounders, medium-chain acylcarnitines levels were associated with 2-year incidence of LEFI [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.69; 95% confidence interval: 1.08, 2.64; p = 0.02]. Similar results were observed for long-chain acylcarnitines [odds ratio per 1-SD increase: 1.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 2.80; p = 0.04]. Stratified analyses showed a stronger association between medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines and incidence of LEFI among those with body mass index and energy intake below the median value. In conclusion, higher plasma concentrations of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines were associated with higher risk of LEFI. Given the role of these molecules on mitochondrial transport of fatty acids, our results suggest that bioenergetics dysbalance contributes to LEFI.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia – a large German case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Schulz ◽  
Ekkehart Jenetzky ◽  
Nadine Zwink ◽  
Charlotte Bendixen ◽  
Florian Kipfmueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Evidence for periconceptional or prenatal environmental risk factors for the development of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is still scarce. Here, in a case-control study we investigated potential environmental risk factors in 199 CDH patients compared to 597 healthy control newborns. Methods The following data was collected: time of conception and birth, maternal BMI, parental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol or drug intake, use of hairspray, contact to animals and parental chronic diseases. CDH patients were born between 2001 and 2019, all healthy control newborns were born in 2011. Patients and control newborns were matched in the ratio of three to one. Results Presence of CDH was significantly associated with maternal periconceptional alcohol intake (odds ratio = 1.639, 95% confidence interval 1.101–2.440, p = 0.015) and maternal periconceptional use of hairspray (odds ratio = 2.072, 95% confidence interval 1.330–3.229, p = 0.001). Conclusion Our study suggests an association between CDH and periconceptional maternal alcohol intake and periconceptional maternal use of hairspray. Besides the identification of novel and confirmation of previously described parental risk factors, our study underlines the multifactorial background of isolated CDH.

Abstract WP369: Long Sleep Duration as a Risk Factor for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: a Nationwide, Multicenter Case-control Study

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Jung Kim ◽  
Chi Kyung Kim ◽  
Yerim Kim ◽  
Han-Gil Jeong ◽  
Kiwoong Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Sleep duration has been regarded as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Short sleep duration is linked with higher stroke incidence, and mortality. Moreover, and paradoxically, long sleep duration is also reported to be positively associated with stroke incidence. However, the impact of sleep duration on the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) risk remains unclear. Hypothesis: We assessed the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of ICH. Methods: We performed a nationwide, multicenter matched case-control study to investigate the risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke, using patients from 33 hospitals in Korea. We enrolled a total of 490 patients with ICH and 980 age- and sex-matched controls. We obtained information regarding sleep, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and medical history before ICH onset, using qualified structured questionnaires. Sleep duration was categorized as ≤5, 6, 7, 8, and ≥9 hours. We chose sleep duration of 7 h as the reference duration. Results: The included patients were mostly male (58.2%) with a mean age of 57 years. The number of subjects with long sleep duration, more than 8 h, was significantly greater in the ICH group than in the control group (≥8 h, 30.4% vs. 22.6%, P = 0.002). Compared to 7 h, long sleep duration participants tended to be older, be more hypertensive, and be more likely to have blue collar jobs, lower education levels, and poorer marital status (i.e., unmarried or divorced/separated). After controlling for confounding factors, we found that longer sleep duration was independently associated with the risk of ICH in a dose-response manner (8 h: Odds ratio, 1.44; confidence interval, 1.01-2.07; ≥9 h: Odds ratio, 2.60; confidence interval, 1.50–4.49). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggested that long sleep duration is positively related to ICH risk in a dose-dependent manner. In this context, our data might suggest that sleep duration is a modifiable risk factor for ICH.

scholarly journals Adjacent-Level Ossification Development in Single-Level Standalone Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Plate

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822090274
Author(s):  
Christopher Huang ◽  
Ralph Mobbs ◽  
Michael Selby ◽  
Kevin Phan ◽  
Prashanth Rao
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anterior Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Adjacent Level ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Cervical Discectomy ◽  
Surgical Data ◽  
Control Study

Study Design: Retrospective case control study. Objectives: Adjacent-level ossification development (ALOD) is a distinct form of adjacent segmental degeneration that has been recognized to occur after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). It is unclear whether ACDF with plate versus standalone has an effect on rates of ALOD. This retrospective case-control study aims to assess the rate of ALOD in a large series of patients undergoing ACDF with and without plate and factors causing ALOD. Methods: Data was collected for patients undergoing ACDF from January 2009 to July 2016. Data collected was from multiple centers and included demographic data, surgical data, radiological imaging at time of surgery, and serial follow-up imaging. The radiology for ALOD was independently reviewed. Cohorts were divided into ACDF with plate (Group P = plate) and ACDF without plate (Groups S = standalone) and outcomes were compared. Results: There were 260 patients with 138 (53%) in Group P and 122 (47%) in Group S. ALOD was observed in 15.3% of patients overall, 29% in group P and 2.8% in group S ( P < .001). Following multivariate adjustment, statistically significant association was found between use of plate and ALOD (odds ratio = 12.8, 95% confidence interval = 3.52-45.45, P < .001). Plate-to-disc distance <5 mm was significantly associated with ALOD (odds ratio = 13.5, 95% confidence interval = 3.83-47.62, P < .001). Conclusion: The use of anterior plate with ACDF was associated with ALOD. Plate-to-disc distance <5 mm was significantly associated with ALOD even after adjustment for confounding factors. We conclude utilization of standalone cages or cages with plate with more than 5 mm distance from adjacent disc to minimize ALOD.

Current status of eye disorders caused by docetaxel administration every 3 weeks: A case-control study in Japanese patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Noguchi ◽  
Yugo Kawashima ◽  
Megumi Maruyama ◽  
Hiroko Kawara ◽  
Yoko Tokuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Control Study

Purpose Docetaxel is known to cause eye disorders. In this study, current status of eye disorders caused by docetaxel administration every 3 weeks in Japanese patients was examined. Methods This case-control study targeted patients who were newly administered docetaxel at the Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2018. Eye disorder occurrence was defined as an event in which the pharmacist confirmed the symptoms in a patient interview and the ophthalmologist diagnosed the disorder. Results Of the 89 subjects, 7 (7.9%) had eye disorders. The symptoms were watering eyes (7.9%), a stye and eye discharge (2.2% each), corneal and conjunctival disorder, visual acuity reduction, and blepharedema (1.1% each). Four patients who presented with watering eyes, eye discharge, or corneal and conjunctival disorder showed improvement with the use of eye drops such as artificial tears. Two patients who presented with a stye showed improvement with the use of oral cefcapene. One patient with mild symptoms showed spontaneous improvement. However, one patient had irreversible visual acuity reduction. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a cumulative docetaxel dose of ≥300 mg/m2 (odds ratio: 15.50, 95% confidence interval: 1.37–175.00, p = 0.027) and concomitant cyclophosphamide use (odds ratio: 13.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.13–153.00, p = 0.039) were significant risk factors associated with eye disorders. Conclusion In conclusion, it was determined that docetaxel-related eye disorders might be influenced by the cumulative dose of docetaxel and concomitant cyclophosphamide use. In addition, relatively mild symptoms improved with medication.

α+-thalassemia protects African children from severe malaria

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 2003-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Mockenhaupt ◽  
Stephan Ehrhardt ◽  
Sabine Gellert ◽  
Rowland N. Otchwemah ◽  
Ekkehart Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The high frequency of α+-thalassemia in malaria-endemic regions may reflect natural selection due to protection from potentially fatal severe malaria. In Africa, bearing 90% of global malaria morbidity and mortality, this has not yet been observed. We tested this hypothesis in an unmatched case-control study among 301 Ghanaian children with severe malaria and 2107 controls (62% parasitemic). In control children, α+-thalassemia affected neither prevalence nor density of Plasmodium falciparum. However, heterozygous α+-thalassemia was observed in 32.6% of controls but in only 26.2% of cases (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.98). Protection against severe malaria was found to be pronounced comparing severe malaria patients with parasitemic controls (adjusted OR in children &lt; 5 years of age, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.78) and to wane with age. No protective effect was discernible for homozygous children. Our findings provide evidence for natural selection of α+-thalassemia in Africa due to protection from severe malaria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document