Sex, Pleasure, and Dyspareunia in Liberal Northern Europe: How Sexual Pleasure is Seen as the Most Important Goal of all Nonreproductive Sexual Activity in a Postmodern Northern European Society, but is Denied by Women and Scientists who are Still under the Influence of Male Dominated Sexual Scripts: Rik H. W. Van Lunsen, Marieke Brauer, and Ellen Laan

2012 ◽  
pp. 366-380
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
European Society ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Male Dominated

Implications of Ionospheric Scintillation for GNSS Users in Northern Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Aquino ◽  
Terry Moore ◽  
Alan Dodson ◽  
Sam Waugh ◽  
Jock Souter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Delay Effect ◽  
Electron Density Irregularities ◽  
The Impact

Extensive ionospheric scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) data were collected by the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) in Northern Europe during years of great impact of the solar maximum on GNSS users (2001–2003). The ionospheric TEC is responsible for range errors due to its time delay effect on transionospheric signals. Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere, occurring frequently during these years, are responsible for (phase and amplitude) fluctuations on GNSS signals, known as ionospheric scintillation. Since June 2001 four GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor receivers (the NovAtel/AJ Systems GSV4004) have been deployed at stations in the UK and Norway, forming a Northern European network, covering geographic latitudes from 53° to 70° N approximately. These receivers compute and record GPS phase and amplitude scintillation parameters, as well as TEC and TEC variations. The project involved setting up the network and developing automated archiving and data analysis strategies, aiming to study the impact of scintillation on DGPS and EGNOS users, and on different GPS receiver technologies. In order to characterise scintillation and TEC variations over Northern Europe, as well as investigate correlation with geomagnetic activity, long-term statistical analyses were also produced. This paper summarises our findings, providing an overview of the potential implications of ionospheric scintillation for the GNSS user in Northern Europe.

scholarly journals Taxonomy of the Empria hungarica species-group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Northern Europe

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikk Heidemaa ◽  
Matti Viitasaari
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
European Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Northern European ◽  
First Time

In the tenthredinid hymenopteran genus Empria, the European species with a paired whitish patch on tergum 1 are considered tentatively as a species-group termed the E. hungarica group. The type materials of Empria pumila (Konow), E. pumiloides Lindqvist and E. tricornis Lindqvist were examined. The lectotype and paralectotypes of E. pumila are designated, and new diagnostic characters for E. pumila and E. pumiloides are given. A key for the Northern European species of the E. hungarica group is compiled. The results of a comparison of the phenology and some metrical characters of the adults of E. pumila and E. pumiloides are presented in the form of diagrams. E. pumiloides is recorded for the first time from Russia and Germany. The records of E. hungarica from Estonia (Saaremaa) are reported as the northernmost for that species. All available distributional records of Empria hungarica in the Palaearctic are given in the text, and those localized reliably are also mapped.

Radical right framing of social policy in Hungary: between nationalism and populism

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole VT Lugosi
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Frame Analysis ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Party Manifestos ◽  
Northern European

AbstractThe populist radical right (PRR) is increasingly associated with welfare chauvinism, but the literature mainly focuses on Western and Northern European cases. Turning attention to Central Eastern Europe, this article investigates how PRR parties in Hungary frame welfare issues in five social policy areas from 2010 to 2016. This is done through a critical frame analysis applied to party manifestos and State of the Nation speeches by the Fidesz and Jobbik parties. Special care is taken to delineate the interlocking but not interchangeable concepts of nationalism and populism, as recent research asserts this distinction is often overlooked. The main findings are threefold: First, these parties articulate their positions chiefly through nationalist rather than populist framing; Second, while Hungary's PRR exhibits welfare chauvinist framing similar to Western and Northern Europe, a main difference detected was the role of the communist legacy; Third, beyond the article's original goals, the findings revealed a strong connection between nationalist framing and the role of gender, suggesting that the two are not mutually exclusive.

Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Puidet ◽  
Romain Mabon ◽  
Michele Guibert ◽  
Riinu Kiiker ◽  
Liina Soonvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Northern European ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Potato Crops

Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse due to frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013, a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared to those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged due to climate change.

Cooperation of northern European states in the area of culture and education

2020 ◽  
pp. 71 (88)-78 (93)
Author(s):  
A.B. Gecht ◽  
T.V. Molchanova ◽  
A.V. Nerovny ◽  
I.A. Tsverianashvili
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
English Version ◽  
Joint Actions ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
State Regional

This paper is aimed at studying the interaction of the states of Northern Europe in the field of culture and education — one of the fundamentally important areas of northern European integration. Cooperation in these areas is actively developing not only due to common cultural and historical values and roots of the northern countries, but also has clear pragmatic goals. So, it carries out an important utilitarian function — the development of a common labor market in the Northern Europe region, which is largely possible thanks to the joint actions of the integration member countries aimed at the evolution of a common space in the field of culture, language and education. The effectiveness of the existing forms and mechanisms of interaction in the above areas depends on the effectiveness of training highly skilled labor and facilitating the adaptation of migrants from one state to another, both of which are part of the region. The tools include: interstate, state, regional programs, projects and forums aimed at the development of cooperation and mobility, etc. English version of the article is available on pp. 88-93 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/cooperation-of-the-nordic-countries-in-culture-and-education/66416.html

Sexuality, philosophy of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Soble
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Sexual Pleasure ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Kantian Deontology ◽  
Group Sex

The philosophy of sexuality, like the philosophy of science, art or law, is the study of the concepts and propositions surrounding its central protagonist, in this case ‘sex’. Its practitioners focus on conceptual, metaphysical and normative questions. Conceptual philosophy of sex analyses the notions of sexual desire, sexual activity and sexual pleasure. What makes a feeling a sexual sensation? Manipulation of and feelings in the genitals are not necessary, since other body parts yield sexual pleasure. What makes an act sexual? A touch on the arm might be a friendly pat, an assault, or sex; physical properties alone do not distinguish them. What is the conceptual link between sexual pleasure and sexual activity? Neither the intention to produce sexual pleasure nor the actual experience of pleasure seems necessary for an act to be sexual. Other conceptual questions have to do not with what makes an act sexual, but with what makes it the type of sexual act it is. How should ‘rape’ be defined? What the conceptual differences are, if any, between obtaining sex through physical force and obtaining it by offering money is an interesting and important issue. Metaphysical philosophy of sex discusses ontological and epistemological matters: the place of sexuality in human nature; the relationships among sexuality, emotion and cognition; the meaning of sexuality for the person, the species, the cosmos. What is sex all about, anyway? That sexual desire is a hormone-driven instinct implanted by a god or nature acting in the service of the species, and that it has a profound spiritual dimension, are two – not necessarily incompatible – views. Perhaps the significance of sexuality is little different from that of eating, breathing and defecating; maybe, or in addition, sexuality is partially constitutive of moral personality. Normative philosophy of sex explores the perennial questions of sexual ethics. In what circumstances is it morally permissible to engage in sexual activity or experience sexual pleasure? With whom? For what purpose? With which body parts? For how long? The historically central answers come from Thomist natural law, Kantian deontology, and utilitarianism. Normative philosophy of sex also addresses legal, social and political issues. Should society steer people in the direction of heterosexuality, marriage, family? May the law regulate sexual conduct by prohibiting prostitution or homosexuality? Normative philosophy of sex includes nonethical value questions as well. What is good sex? What is its contribution to the good life? The breadth of the philosophy of sex is shown by the variety of topics it investigates: abortion, contraception, acquaintance rape, pornography, sexual harassment, and objectification, to name a few. The philosophy of sex begins with a picture of a privileged pattern of relationship, in which two adult heterosexuals love each other, are faithful to each other within a formal marriage, and look forward to procreation and family. Philosophy of sex, as the Socratic scrutiny of our sexual practices, beliefs and concepts, challenges this privileged pattern by exploring the virtues, and not only the vices, of adultery, prostitution, homosexuality, group sex, bestiality, masturbation, sadomasochism, incest, paedophilia and casual sex with anonymous strangers. Doing so provides the same illumination about sex that is provided when the philosophies of science, art and law probe the privileged pictures of their own domains.

scholarly journals A Pilot Climate Sensitivity Study Using the CEN Coupled Adjoint Model (CESAM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 2031-2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stammer ◽  
A. Köhl ◽  
A. Vlasenko ◽  
I. Matei ◽  
F. Lunkeit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Sensitivity ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Northern European

A pilot coupled climate sensitivity study is presented based on the newly developed adjoint coupled climate model, Centrum für Erdsystemforschung und Nachhaltigkeit (CEN) Earth System Assimilation Model (CESAM). To this end the components of the coupled forward model are summarized, and the generation of the adjoint code out of the model forward code through the application of the Transformation of Algorithms in FORTRAN (TAF) adjoint compiler is discussed. It is shown that simulations of the intermediate-complexity CESAM are comparable in quality to CMIP-type coupled climate models, justifying the usage of the model to compute adjoint sensitivities of the northern Europe near-surface temperature to anomalies in surface temperature, sea surface salinity, and sea ice over the North Atlantic and the Arctic on time scales of up to one month. Results confirm that on a time scale of up to a few days surface temperatures over northern Europe are influenced by Atlantic temperature anomalies just upstream of the target location. With increasingly longer time lapse, however, it is the influence of SSTs over the central and western North Atlantic on the overlying atmosphere and the associated changes in storm-track pattern that dominate the evolution of the surface European temperature. Influences of surface salinity and sea ice on the northern European temperature appear to have similar sensitivity mechanisms, invoked indirectly through their influence on near-surface temperature anomalies. The adjoint study thus confirms that the SST’s impact on the atmospheric dynamics, notably storm tracks, is the primary cause for the influence of northern European temperature changes.

Factors Affecting the Structure of Song and the Singing Behaviour of Some Northern European Passerine Birds

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 286-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Sorjonen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Size Limitation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Forest Habitats

AbstractIn this study the effects of bird size, genus, habitat, song community and geographical distribution on song structure and singing behaviour of some passcrine species in northern Europe were simultaneously studied. Most species tend to improve their long distance song propagation in their specific habitat and song community. Song propagation correlates strongest with the use of low-pitched elements but not all birds are able to use these because of size limitation. In forest habitats whistles and modulated elements were used to improve song propagation. In open habitats high-pitched elements as well as repeated and trilled syllables were often used for better propagation of acoustic information. In song communities with a great number of species, the birds reduce song interference by other singers, by singing short songs and using modulated elements and long intersong pauses. When the birds greatly profit from effective long distance song propagation, like in northern areas with only short time for pair formation, the birds can segregate in singing time by using the light nights for singing. In these communities with low numbers of species the birds have been freed from song interference and have long songs and short intersong pauses and they can increase in this way their singing rate. The effect of song community on song length, intersong pause and the use of modulated elements in the song is stronger than that of habitat. The effect of the song community increases towards the north.

New Records for the Occurrence of Crenilabrus Bailloni (Osteichthyes: Perciformes: Labridae) in the Waters of Northern Europe

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwyne Wheeler ◽  
Paul Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The Common

The capture of specimens of Crenilabrus bailloni Valenciennes, 1839 from Galway Bay, Republic of Ireland, and off the coast of Jersey, Channel Islands is reported. Occurrences of this species in northern European waters are discussed. It is concluded that this wrasse is a Lusitanian element in the northern fauna, and suggested that it may be more common in the fauna than records indicate due to its inhabiting a little collected habitat and on account of its similarity to the common corkwing wrasse C. melops (Linnaeus, 1758). Methods of distinguishing the two species are given.

scholarly journals Rules, Norms and Practices – A Comparative Study Exploring Disposal Practices and Facilities in Northern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110421
Author(s):  
Helena Nordh ◽  
Danielle House ◽  
Mariske Westendorp ◽  
Avril Maddrell ◽  
Carola Wingren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Management Regimes

We identify and analyse practices and management regimes around burial and handling of ashes across eight case study towns within six Northern European countries. We analyse management of cemeteries and crematoria gardens, majority practices and provision for minority communities, including various burial types, cremated remains, the re-use of graves, and costs for interments. Comparative data is drawn from analysis of national and local regulations, interviews with stakeholders, and observations at cemeteries and crematoria gardens. The findings show significant variation in national and local regulations and practices for burial and cremation particularly around the re-use of graves, handling of ashes and costs for grave space and cremation. We identify the opportunities and constraints of these variations in terms of accessibility, diversity and equality; and argue for national directions to avoid unequal treatment within nations. Furthermore, we stress the importance of a liberal and inclusive management of European cemeteries and crematoria gardens.

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