Numenius (fl. c. mid 2nd century AD)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Level ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Strong Interest ◽  
The World

Numenius was a Platonist philosopher. He came from Apamea (Syria) and wrote in Greek. His work – now lost – is usually considered Neo-Pythagorean in tendency, and exercised a major influence on the emergence of Neoplatonism in the third century. A radical dualist, he postulated the twin principles of god – a transcendent and changeless intellect, equated with the Good of Plato’s Republic – and matter, identified as the Pythagorean Indefinite Dyad: god is good, matter evil. In addition to this supreme god, he added at a secondary level a creator-god, one of whose aspects is the world-soul, itself further distinguished into a good and an evil world-soul. He had a strong interest in Oriental wisdom, especially Judaic, and famously called Plato ‘Moses speaking Attic’.

C. Julius Theupompus of Cnidus

1886 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Hirschfeld
Keyword(s):  
Third Century ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

‘Es ist das schoene Vorrecht der historischen Forschung, die Verstorbenen in der Erinnerung der Nachwelt wieder aufleben zu lassen. Erscheint es billig, dass die Namen derer, welche sich hohe Verdienste um ihr Volk erworben, der Vergessenheit nicht anheimfallen, so ist es menschlich, denen überhaupt nachzuforschen, welche einst in weiten Kreisen von der Mit- und Nachwelt genannt und gefeiert worden sind.’With these words, used by Dr. Koehler in regard to the once famous ‘condottiere,’ Diogenes, in the third century B.C., I beg to introduce to the reader a personage who, although perhaps of limited interest, was once celebrated and powerful and had the honour of calling himself the friend of Julius Caesar. His son moreover did his best to prevent a deed, the failure of which would probably have changed the direction of the history of the world,—the murder of Caesar.The passages in ancient writers which relate to the man of whom I speak are well known, but they have not hitherto been rightly connected with one another, or thoroughly understood.

The World Council of Churches and Its Vancouver Theme: “Jesus Christ the Life of the World” in Historical Perspective

1983 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
George Huntston Williams
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
Third Century ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
World Council

In reference to triadological and christological inaccuracies of a nevertheless very important regional synod of Antioch of 268 that definitively condemned and dispossessed Antioch's bishop, Paul of Samosata, St. Athanasius wrote: “Yes, surely every council has a sufficient reason for its own language” (De synodis 45). The Father of triadological orthodoxy indeed changed some of his own technical language in the course of many synods during the fourth century. The creed called liturgically that of Nicaea (325)—which, since the scholarship of the Lutheran Pietist Johann Benedickt Carpzov, Sr., has been called the Niceno-Contstantinopolitan Creed—was ascribed to Constantinople in 381, as a clarification of that at Nicaea, by two readers purportedly reciting the acts of these two councils at the Council of Chalcedon in 451. What is remarkable about Athanasius—referring in the middle third of the fourth century to a synod in the last third of the third century—and about the Fathers of 451—referring back to two earlier ecumenical councils—is that they purported to be expounding an unchanging truth revealed in the Septuagint and the New Testament, once for all delivered (Jude 3), that had simply been made clearer by generations of liturgical practice and theological scrutiny, privately and in synod.

P. Herennius Dexippus: The Greek World and the Third-Century Invasions

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 12-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Greek World

The legend of the Scythians and the books of Athens, with Petrus Patricius' comments on it, raises precisely the most crucial question about the culture and society of later Antiquity: what was the relationship between the all-pervasive literary culture of the time, with its obsessive and apparently sterile fascination with the classical past, and men's conduct in the world ? The question cannot of course be answered. If we wished to stress the positive and vital aspects of Imperial Greek culture, we could partly avoid answering it by concentrating on a few figures of real intellectual stature in the second to early fourth centuries, and thereby pointing to a number of fields in which the Greek Renaissance saw significant, sometimes revolutionary, progress. Ptolemy, Galen, Diophantus, Origen, Plotinus, Porphyry and Eusebius all in their different ways marked an epoch in the intellectual history of Europe. Even a man of much lesser originality, Cassius Dio, provided the Byzantine world with its definitive account of the history of Rome. But we can also try, if not to answer the question properly, at least to raise some themes directly relevant to it.

A New Edition of the Marble Plan of Ancient Rome

1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Third Century ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Few monuments of Ancient Rome can command more interest and fascination than the Marble Plan of the city of Rome. Early in the third century this colossal map was put up in panels on the wall of a building in the Forum Pacis at the behest of the Emperor Septimius Severus or his Praefectus Urbi. It is a unique document not only because no other plan of a major Roman city survives, but also because the city which it depicts is Rome, at the height of her development as the capital of the world. Although only a fraction of the Plan has come down to us, these fragments are invaluable for our knowledge of individual buildings as well as of the city as a whole; hence its appeal to students of architecture and urbanistics, of archaeology and history.

Early Hellenistic Elegy: P. Sorbonn. 2254

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Dennys Page
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Large Specimen ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Apart from Callimachus, I know no new piece of Hellenistic elegy more interesting than P. Sorbonn. inv. 2254, first published by M. Papathomopoulos in Recherches de Papyrologie II and most admirably edited by Professor Barns and Professor Lloyd-Jones in SIFC xxxv, 205 ff.Lloyd-Jones proves, I believe beyond question, two points:(a) That this elegy belongs to the world as it was before Callimachus; it is only our fourth large specimen of the literary elegy from the early part of the third century, the others being the long extracts from Hermesianax, Phanocles and Alexander Aetolus most conveniently read in Powell's Collectanea Alexandrina.(b) That the subject-matter is of a very unusual nature; the lines are ‘spoken by an unknown person threatening an enemy with a punishment quite out of the ordinary’ – viz. with tattooing on his skin the images of punishments suffered by notorious legendary sinners. The poet's enemy is to be tattooed with a picture of the stone of Tantalus, with another of the Calydonian boar sent to punish Oeneus, and with at least one other (there is a fragmentary second column, one line beginning στίξ[ω).

The Personified Wisdom in the Wisdom Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Peter Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
God's Word ◽  
The World ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Wisdom Tradition ◽  
The Universe

This chapter analyzes the wisdom tradition in the biblical Book of Proverbs, which goes back around the third century BCE. Wisdom emerged prior to the creation of the world, before the universe had taken on its final form. The chapter emphasizes that Wisdom is to be understood as a person and even enthroned on a cloud throne in heaven. But in contrast to Proverbs, Wisdom comes forth from the mouth of God and is obviously God's word, which is nevertheless interpreted as a person, since she lives in heaven, sits on a throne, compasses the heavenly and earthly vaults, and rules over the land, seas, and all people. The chapter also talks about Wisdom or the holy spirit as gifts from God to the righteous person.

The Gnostic Sethians and Middle Platonism: Interpretations of the Timaeus and Parmenides

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turner
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Platonic Dialogue ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractOne may construe the Sethian Gnostic picture of the world and its origins as an interpretation of the biblical protology of the book of Genesis in the light of the Platonic distinction between an ideal, exemplary realm of eternal stable being and its more or less deficient earthly and changeable copy, in which the principal Platonic dialogues of reference are the Timaeus and the Parmenides. Various Sethian treatises offer us accounts of the origin and generation of both these realms; while their portrayal of the origin and deployment of the earthly realm is unmistakably influenced by their readings of Plato's Timaeus, their account of the origin and deployment of the ideal realm is noticeably influenced by readings of Plato's Parmenides. This article attempts to show that the shift from the Timaeus as the primary Platonic dialogue of reference for the Middle Platonic thought of the first two centuries to the Parmenides as the primary dialogue of reference for the emerging Neoplatonism of the third century is also visible in the Sethian treatises. In mid- to later second-century Sethian treatises, the cosmology of the Timaeus serves as an exegetical template to interpret the Genesis protology, but with the turn to the third century, the Sethian trestises that circulated in Plotinus' circle have abandoned all interest in the Genesis protology in favor of a theology of transcendental ascent.

Optimum Structure of the Banking Market: How Many Banks Are Necessary for Russia?

2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.

Overcoming “The Third Way” Concept

2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Third Way ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linear Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.

Impact of Social Media on English Language: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
English Language ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
International Level ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Subsequent Rise

Language being a potent vehicle of transmitting cultural values, norms and beliefs remains a central factor in determining the status of any nation. India is a multilingual country which tends to encourage people to use English at national and international level. Basically English in India owes its presence to the British but its subsequent rise is not fully attributable to the British. It has now become the language of wider communication which is now spoken by large number of people all over the world. It is influenced by many factors such as class, society, developments in science and technology etc. However the major influence on English language is and has been the media.

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