scholarly journals Succession decisions in family farms and public policies in developed countries

2017 ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Farms

scholarly journals REPERCUSSIONS OF THE APPROVAL OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE MERCOSUR INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC POLICIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS BY THE BRAZILIAN GOVERNMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (54) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fernanda Eduardo Olea do Rio MUNIZ ◽  
Antônio Walber Matias MUNIZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Life Improvement ◽  
The Republic

ABSTRACTThis paper brings to light the issue of strengthening human rights policies in the Mercosur regional environment through the ratification by the President of the Republic of Brazil, in 2017, of the Mercosur Institute of Public Policies on Human Rights (IPPDH). The said structure was ratified only seven years after the decision had been consensually passed at the regional level. The paper’s main aim is to show the reflections of the late ratification of the IPPDH structure by the Brazilian government, and outline the prognoses for the body. It is supported by bibliographic research, as well as by official documents obtained in institutional websites such as those of Mercosur, IPPDH, UN, and Brazilian Federal Senate. It was found out that the slowness in the implementation of the said treaty had impacts on the effectiveness of Human Rights policies in the region, such as life improvement for members of the bloc, and the consolidation of the Institute’s own budget. Thus, IPPDH has been availing itself of funds raised through specific projects with the Fund for Structural Convergence and Strengthening of the Institutional Structure (FOCEM), which limits the bloc’s actions. Although the IPPDH’ s initiative of counting on the support of FOCEM’s investments is a non-definitive modality for the eradication of existing asymmetries, which are more present in less developed countries, it is understood that, although Brazil faces a democratic deficit, its full participation can establish more solid actions and produce more satisfactory results in order to strengthen the integration amongst member states. KEYWORDS: IPPDH; Mercosur; FOCEM; Human Rights.   RESUMOO presente trabalho traz à lume a questão do fortalecimento das políticas de direitos humanos no ambiente regional mercosulino a partir da ratificação pelo Presidente da República do Brasil em 2017, da estrutura do Instituto de Políticas Públicas de Direitos Humanos do Mercosul (IPPDH). Referida estrutura só foi ratificada após sete anos da decisão ter sido aprovada consensualmente em âmbito regional. The paper’s main aim is to show the reflections of the late ratification of the IPPDH structure by the Brazilian government, and outline the prognoses for the body. Apoiase em pesquisas bibliográficas e também em documentos oficiais obtidos em sites institucionais como o do Mercosul, IPPDH, ONU e Senado Federal brasileiro. Verificou-se que a leniência na incorporação do tratado em comento, ocasionou impactos na efetivação de políticas de Direitos Humanos na região, como a melhora na vida dos integrantes do bloco e a consolidação do orçamento próprio do instituto. Sendo assim, o IPPDH vem se valendo financeiramente da captação de recursos por meio de projetos específicos junto do Fundo de Convergência Estrutural e Fortalecimento da Estrutura Institucional (FOCEM), o que limita a suas ações no Bloco. Muito embora a iniciativa do IPPDH em contar com o apoio de investimentos do FOCEM seja uma modalidade não definitiva para a erradicação das assimetrias existentes, as quais são mais presentes em países menos desenvolvidos, entendese que embora o Brasil enfrente um déficit democrático, a sua participação plena poderá estabelecer ações mais sólidas e produzir resultados mais satisfatórios e com o fim de fortalecer a integração entre os Estados Partes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: IPPDH; Mercosul; FOCEM; Direitos Humanos.

Migration and Socio-economic Transition: Lessons from the Polish Post–EU Accession Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-936
Author(s):  
Paweł Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Enrique Aldaz-Carroll ◽  
Paulina Hołda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
The Eu

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Politics and Current Demographic Challenges in Central and Eastern Europe,” guest-edited by Tsveta Petrova and Tomasz Inglot. Even if Poland has been commonly presented as a typical emigration country, the post–EU accession migration still presents an extremely interesting case in terms of its (very high) scale, structural characteristics, and consequences. With about 2.5 million of its citizens staying temporarily abroad, Poland belongs to the most mobile European nations, and the post-accession migration to the EU is presented as a “natural experiment.” The article aims to discuss the main economic outcomes of the post-2004 migration from Poland and to address the question to what extent the Polish experience is transferable and can be used as a policy lesson for other developing countries. Based on the Polish case, the authors argue that labor migration from a country with large workforce surpluses (as present in most of the less developed countries) can help avoid hysteresis and support the structural transformation of the economy. Fulfillment of these positive expectations is however dependent on several factors including structure of migration (and return migration), structural conditions at origin and public policies imposed. Authors argue that migration policies have only limited impact on the scale and structure of international migration but public policies are critically important in harnessing the developmental potential of migration.

scholarly journals CONSEQUENCES OF LAND REFORM IN UKRAINE ON THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGIA AND MOLDOVA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (17) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
V. I. Selezniov ◽  
S. O. Yakubovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Land System ◽  
Further Development

The article is aimed at investigating the expediency of land reform in Ukraine. The process and consequences of land reforms in Georgia and Moldova are considered. The indicators of development of the agricultural sector and the degree of involvement of the population in it are revealed. The world experience of land distribution was analysed. The most effective strategy of land reform development by analysing the research in the dependence of efficiency of land plots utilization on the size of households that cultivate them was revealed. The efficiency of agroholdings and family farms is compared. Determined trends in the distribution and size of plots in developed countries. Analysed the gradual adoption of decisions in the development of land reform and their effects on the success of such reform in Georgia and Moldova.           The current decisions of the Ukrainian government on the way to reforming land distribution and use of land resources are considered. Parallels of the current Ukrainian land reform based on the experience of Moldova and Georgia are identified. The assumption of success and expediency of the decisions taken, which could potentially come into force when the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine discusses the format of the land reform, was put forward. Analysed the further development of the land sector according to the gradual entry into force of the adopted legislation. The issues of expediency of opening the land market to foreigners were considered. Penetrated the experience of international partners and countries already decided on the admission or non-admission of foreign contractors to the national land market. The degree of development of accounting and inventory of existing land plots and completeness of filling the land cadastre of the three countries under study was determined.           The research method was the analysis of the current land system of Georgia and Moldova by studying articles on the dynamics of changes in local legislation. The main economic indicators that may indicate the degree of success of the reforms in these countries are considered. Due to such indicators, a detailed analysis of the latest changes in the legislation of Ukraine predicted and assessed the feasibility of the reforms.

scholarly journals Which variables influence the succession process in family farms? A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Víctor Rodriguez-Lizano ◽  
Mercedes Montero-Vega ◽  
Nicole Sibelet
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Systematic Compilation

The decrease in family farm succession is a problem in many countries worldwide. However, no systematic compilation of relevant studies exists. The method of analysis described in this article enabled us to obtain descriptive statistical results such as: most-studied variables, least-studied variables, patterns in the effects of the variables on succession, new types of variables analyzed, and principal approaches of the qualitative studies. We conducted a literature search in four databases, which resulted in 59 papers relevant to the topic. Twenty-nine of them are quantitative and 30 are qualitative. The literature search in peer-reviewed journals in English resulted primarily in articles from developed countries. Due to this, the selection, analysis and results turned out to be focused on Global North countries. Likewise, the studies considered are focused mainly on the opinion of the principal farmer and disregard that of other family members. From the quantitative studies, we analyzed five groups of variables (farmer, farm, family, context and psychological variables). The farmer variables are the most studied and the context and psychological variables are the least studied. We identified four axes around which the qualitative studies focused: socioeconomic factors, communication between father and heir about the process of succession, integration in decision-making and trust in the heir, and training the successor. Adding new countries (e.g. from Sub-Saharan Africa) and generating new models including psychological, context, and qualitative variables could lead to new ways of understanding such a complex issue.

scholarly journals STAGE OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN THE CITY OF BARCELONA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Perez Diez ◽  
José Magin Campos Cacheda ◽  
Julià Cabrerizo Sinca
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Transport demand and private motor vehicle ownership (cars and motorcycles) are generally related to the socio-economic development, increasing urbanization, public policies and rising per capita income. Private motor vehicle ownership varies between countries and geographical regions. However, it tends to have some common patterns in its historical evolution. So that during the early stages of development, the rate of motorization increased mainly by acquisitions of PTWs (mopeds and motorcycles). As the economy grows, the increase in per capita income stimulates a shift from PTWs to cars, which are preferred for their safety, versatility, comfort and social status. The increasing use of cars contributes to raising travel costs (congestion, parking constraints, accidents, pollution), that coupled with public policies to discourage car use, tends to favour modal shifts from cars to public transport and in some regions also to PTWs. This study analyze the historical evolution of private motor vehicle ownership in Spain (cars and motorcycles), and identify the stage in which is the city of Barcelona, characterized by the high use of PTWs.  The increase use of PTWs is a common phenomenon in some major European cities and suggests a continuous future growth in developed countries and congested urban areas, that is not in line with the assumptions of some models, which predict that in the long-run there will be a decrease in use of PTWs with high income per capita levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3497

Influencing Suicide Rates among the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 757-790
Author(s):  
Angela Louise C. Rosario
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prevention Policies ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Elderly Suicide

Abstract By focusing on the elderly suicide rates, this study lays out the different suicide regulation and prevention policies of three developed countries – Japan, the Netherlands, and South Korea. The main goal is to compare and analyze how these policies, with disparate ways of handling suicide, influence elderly suicide rates in relation with their countries’ respective differing suicide determinants. By applying the ‘Method for Synthesizing about Public Policies’ created by Morestin, Gauvin, Hogue, and Benoit to check the status of efficiency and of any issues of public policies, it concludes that South Korea shows promise, while Japan’s suicide rates have certainly been scaling down. Conversely, in terms of the use of euthanasia, suicide rates in the Netherlands have been continuously rising.

Rural Development in Malaysia-Issues and Problems Conf ronting MADA, FELDA and RISDA1

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-86
Author(s):  
Alex Yui-Huen Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

AbstractAsia is predominantly a rural society. And yet, a quarter century ago, when the Asian countries emerged as politically independent nations from centuries of colonial rule, they adopted a development model2 which was indifferent if not inimical to rural development. Support for this model, which essentially permitted continuation of existing international economic relationships, came from two external sources-the developed countries of the West and the developed centrally planned countries.3 Recent years have also witnessed a heightened concern in the Third World countries over the problem of economic development. In most developing countries, past development efforts appear to have failed to bring about a real development breakthrough. Yet the recent spate of world economic crises, associated with global inflation-cum-recession, oil price increases, food shortages, instabilities in the world commodity markets, have hit many developing countries very hard, especially those in South Asia which have actually experienced a reduction in average per capita living standards over the past few years. In Malaysia, some even suggested that although money income has gone up, there are disquieting signs that the quality of life is deteriorating and that many people are finding it more and more difficult to satisfy their basic needs.4 Then the crisis of the world's agriculture and its peasant masses had led to the proposal of a number of development strategies in the rural areas (i.e. Redistribution of land; Abolition of rents and tenant arrangements; Landholding reform; Intensification of peasant agriculture; Family farms; Cooperatives; and Collective farms, etc.), all of which have been tried with more or less success in different parts of the world. Within this paper, we will specially look at the rural development efforts of Malaysia, especially some of the issues and problems encountered by some of it's rural development programmes.

scholarly journals PUBLIC POLICIES TO SUPPORT ENTREPRENEURSHIP: DO THEY CONTRIBUTE TO STRENGTHEN SMES SECTOR?

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (30 (1)) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Dragos Dianu ◽  
Monica (Cenan) Ciuco ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Daniel Badulescu
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Support Structures ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Medium Enterprises

for the development of a dynamic and innovative small and medium enterprises (SME) sector is widely recognized in economic theory and practice. Entrepreneurship do not only contribute to productivity improvements, but it could also help finding practical solutions to social and environmental challenges, climate change, global economic or health crises. However, despite this widespread recognition, entrepreneurship relatively recently becomes a concern for the decision-makers’, and in many cases the support measures are partial, difficult to understand and access, marked by bureaucracy and over-regulation, even in developed countries. Therefore, the active involvement of policy makers, the contribution of public or private support structures, education, public awareness of the benefits of entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized businesses are essential. Building policies and strategies to support entrepreneurship starts from objective characteristics, but it must be adapted to the specific conditions of each country, the profile, size and structure of the business sector in that country (or region) in order to enhance its contribution to development goals. In our article we state that public policies for entrepreneurship must find a balance between stimulating the new firms’ creation, the size of existing ones and the impetus given to the sub-sector of dynamic, innovative companies, high growth-oriented. In the case of the developed countries analysed here, characterized by opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, the objectives of public policies to support entrepreneurship and SMEs should not excessively focus on setting up new companies. Rather, they must insist on creating a business-friendly environment and promoting an entrepreneurial culture, on the efficient functioning of support structures and networks, on encouraging the establishment and development of companies based on high knowledge, on strengthening and growth of the existing SMEs. Keywords: entrepreneurship; SMEs; public policy support, EU.

scholarly journals Assessment of fiscal effort and voluntary tax compliance in Peru.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Fabricio Ramirez-Zamudio ◽  
José Luis Nolazco Cama
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Morale ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Voluntary Compliance

This study examines the fiscal effort and voluntary compliance in the payment of taxes in Peru. It determines that in 2014, the Peruvian economy collected only 52.8% of its total tax potential. Then trough an experiment, it is shown that dissuasive policies only do not explain the whole phenomenon of tax compliance; on the contrary, some psychological factors, named by the literature as “Tax Morale”, should be considered in such a study. Thus, if Peru expects to join the OECD (it being a goal for celebrating the bicentennial of its independence), it must improve tax compliance to standards equal to those of more developed countries and some non-dissuasive and low-cost public policies designed on tax-morale research may help to achieve this goal.

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