The COVID-19 crisis and counter-cyclical policies in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
State Action ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Second Wave

This paper examines the Brazilian economy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic policies implemented in 2020 to address the economic and social crisis. Using primary and secondary sources, the article differs in its analysis from other heterodox approaches according to which state action in response to the pandemic crisis in Brazil was weak and inconsistent. It is argued that counter-cyclical actions, especially those relating to emergency aid, have had a strong counter-cyclical effect on the economy and on reducing poverty and social inequality, even though there was no strategy previously coordinated by the federal government. The article concludes that the poor outlook for the Brazilian economy relates to both the resumption of orthodox policies and the unleashing of a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, both contributing to a slow recovery of the Brazilian economy.

An Empirical Study of the Financial Mismanagement of Internally Generated Revenue in Ife South Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria

Think India ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Adeola Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Revenue Generation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Level ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

This study focused on financial mismanagement of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) in Ife South Local Government. It also identified viable sources of revenue in the local government and examined problems militating against effective collection of revenue. This study was necessitated by the need to ensure increased revenue generation in Ife South local government of Osun State, Nigeria. Primary and secondary sources of data were utilized for the study. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaires. Respondents were selected from career officers in GL. 03-16 in departments and units of finance and supplies, administration, primary healthcare, agriculture, town planning and estate valuation of the local government, thus 180 respondents were sampled representing 29.31% of 614 staff strength of these departments and units of the local government. The questionnaires were administered using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency and percentage value. The study revealed that there are many viable and non-viable sources of revenue in Ife South local government, the myriad of problems militating against effective collection of the revenue and the poor financial management of internally generated revenue which aptly explains why the local government could not be developed. The study concluded that the share of local government from the statutory allocation be increased, routine auditing and post-auditing from the supervising ministry should be encouraged at the local government level and that the local government should also intensify her effort on increase revenue generation in order to withstand the challenges posed by the current global economic crisis.

The Politics of Urban Renewal

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-280
Author(s):  
P. J. Madgwick
Keyword(s):  
Title I ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
High Income ◽  
American Family ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Slum Dwellers

The Housing Act of 1949 established in Title I the goal of ‘a decent home and a suitable living environment for every American family’. To achieve this goal the Federal Government was to support, by grants and by its legal powers to acquire land, a massive programme of public housing: ‘…it was the first and, until the Act of 1968, the only public housing measure that authorized action that bore some reasonable relation to need’. Nevertheless, the targets set by the 1949 Act for 1954 have still not been reached. Subsequent legislation shifted the emphasis of the programme from public housing to broader schemes of urban renewal, including non-residential development and middle- and high-income housing. The most serious aspect of this neglect of the needs of the poor has been the inadequate management of relocation for those displaced by renewal. For many slum-dwellers in the 1950s ‘urban renewal’ came to mean ‘Negro removal’.

Negotiating Aboriginal Self-Government Agreements in Canada: An Analysis of the Inuvialuit Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Alcantara ◽  
Adrienne Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

AbstractIn 1973, the federal government of Canada invited Aboriginal groups to enter into comprehensive land claims negotiations to settle outstanding claims not addressed by historical treaties. After eight years of negotiations, the Inuvialuit became the second group in Canada to sign a modern treaty, doing so in 1984. Missing from that agreement, however, was a self-government chapter, which was not open to negotiation at that time. In 1996, the Inuvialuit initiated self-government negotiations with the Crown but have yet to conclude an agreement despite increased institutional capacity. What explains this puzzle? Drawing upon the existing literature on land claims negotiations, Aboriginal self-government and historical institutionalism, we analyze a variety of primary and secondary sources to argue that a number of institutional and non-institutional factors have prevented the Inuvialuit from successfully completing self-government negotiations with the Crown.

scholarly journals Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ifeakachukwu Nwosa ◽  
Fasina Oluwadamilola Tosin ◽  
Ogbuagu Matthew Ikechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government

The issue of export diversification has been contentious in Nigeria due to the country’s unstable growth pattern which is majorly associated with instability in the international oil market and the poor performance of other sectors of the economy. Therefore, this study examines the link between export diversification and economic growth in Nigeria from 1962 to 2016. The study utilizes the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The result of this study shows that export diversification has a positive but insignificant influence on economic growth in Nigeria. The above result implies that the oil sector still dominates the Nigerian economy while the diversification drive of the government has not been significant in other sectors of the economy. Thus, the study recommends the need for conscious economic policies that would promote the diversification of the entire non-oil sector of the economy. The study concludes that export diversification is an insignificant determinant of economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pendayagunaan Zakat Produktif Terhadap Pemberdayaan Mustahiq Pada Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Lumajang

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Hidayatullah
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Majority Population

Zakat can be utilized for productive efforts in the context of handling the poor and improving the quality of the people. Along with Allah’s commands to Muslims to pay zakat, zakat is one of the pillars of Islam which is not only of a vertical dimension, but also horizontal aspect. Zakat is an important worship in anticipating social inequality in its implementation. It is still largely traditional and does not pay attention to the welfare of the people, in fact the development of muslims is the majority population of this nation and it has a huge potential to be used as a source of funds from zakat. The result of research shows that utilization of productive zakat in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is to make people stand alone so that they can improve their standard of living and so as not to always depend on zakat funds. Mustah}iq empowerment in the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Lumajang Regency is by running a productive zakat system for business capital assistance for the mustah}iq and consumptive zakat system. Utilization of productive zakat funds is one of the processes carried out by the Lumajang National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) to make the mustah}iq be independent so that they can improve their standard of living and become muzakki> as has become the vision of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) Regency Lumajang. The form of zakat fund utilization towards mustah}iq empowerment at the National Amil Zakat Board (BAZNAS) of Lumajang Regency is divided into two empowerments, namely consumptive and productive empowerment. Consumptive empowerment is the provision of funds that can be directly consumed by mustah}iq. While productive is the provision of capital in increasing business. Both in the form of funds and gifts in the form of work tools. The most effective thing in empowering the mustah}iq is empowering by using productive zakat funds which have benefited a lot of mustah}iq. Empowerment of zakat funds in relation is to convey part of the assets owned to a group called eight asnaf, namely the poor, poor, ‘a>mil or administrators of zakat, muallaf, riqa>b (slaves), gha>rimi>n, fi> sabi>lilla>h and Ibn Sabi>l. Keywords: Implementation, Utilization, Productive zakat, Mustah}iq

scholarly journals Unabated Corruption in the Government of Nigeria Despite the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission: Who Bells the Cat?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
SALISU OJONEMI PAUL ◽  
Prof. Chikelue Ofuebe
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Public Office ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Financial Crimes ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the different dimensions and continuous corrupt practices in the federal government of Nigeria amidst President Buhari administration’s anti-corruption songs and war (2015 – date). It is observed that the menaces of infrastructural deficits are persistent and unabated due to billions of dollars that are carted away by both political and public office holders on a seasonal basis, and misfit appointment of public officials popularly referred to as ‘favoritism’ and the ‘lopsidedness.’ The study which is qualitative with data gathered from secondary sources. The paper found the fact that political and public office holders across administrations in Nigeria perceived corruption as a worthwhile venture despite the campaign against corruption. It is also noticed that the EFCC created to lead the anti-corruption war only barks without biting. The study advocated, among others, that the National Assembly should immediately reevaluate and review the Nigerian administration of the criminal justice system.  

The Role of Policy in the Great Recession and the Weak Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severe Recession

This paper reports on recent research showing that the severe recession of 2007-2009 and the weak recovery have been due to poor economic policies and the failure to implement good policies during the past decade. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and regulatory policy became more discretionary, more interventionist, and less predictable in comparison with the previous two decades of better economic performance. At best these policies led to growth spurts, but were followed by retrenchments, averaging to poor performance. The paper also considers alternative views-that the equilibrium interest rate declined during the decade and that the seriousness of financial crisis caused the slow recovery.

Inclusive Growth through Sports: A Comparative Study of Jharkhand Sports Policy with Haryana and Chhattisgarh

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Vinamrta . ◽  
Utpal Kumar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
State Government ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Sports Policy ◽  
Career Option ◽  
Good Career

In recent years Sports area has scaled up to be a lucrative industry from a leisure and recreational activity. For maintaining the boom in this industry it is very important that sports should be viewed as a good career option by the youngsters. This paper aims to describe the situation of Indian sports industry and challenges faced by sports persons in choosing sport as a career option by using the secondary sources. The sports policy of 3 states Jharkhand, Haryana and Chhattisgarh has been analyzed to compare the various initiatives taken by the state government for sports development because sport is listed as a state subject in Indian constitution. It is very clear from the features of the policy that what makes Haryana to be the sports capital of the country while the poor planning, late updation and improper implementation of sports policy can be a growth obstacle for state players of Jharkhand.

Deploying ICT to Enhance Small Businesses and Achieving Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 638-662
Author(s):  
Ojinga Gideon Omiunu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
The Poor

Beside the SMEs, families operate small and fragmented businesses due to poverty and unemployment to help cater for their needs and family needs. These small and fragmented businesses are common among the poor due to lack of credit to expand such businesses. In addition, with the mandate from the federal government of Nigeria, every business must be registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission of the federal republic of Nigeria and pay a certain amount of money every year depending on level of business growth and development. Suffice to note that despite the payment of these charges by businesses, nothing is done by the federal government to assist them.

Local Governments in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 924-937
Author(s):  
Celina Maria de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Incremental Increase

Brazil is a federal country in which local governments have become the main providers of universal social services funded by the three tiers of government. The chapter presents the general characteristics of the country´s local governments and its position in the federal system, describes the distribution of revenue and governmental functions, shows the incremental increase in local resources and their earmarking for social policies, the complex system of funding and regulation created and discusses the role of local governments in the provision of universal social services. The argument put forward is that local governments have become the hub of the provision of universal social services while the federal government is in charge of policies targeting the poor. Local governments, however, are dependent on funding from other levels of government raising concerns about the sustainability of the provision and the expansion of universal social services as well as concern about improving their quality.

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