scholarly journals Administracyjnoprawny status muzealiów w hiszpańskim porządku prawnym

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Maja Kozłowska

The administrative status of museum exhibits in the Spanish legal system The paper deals with the administrative status of museum exhibits in the Spanish legal system. The assumptions of the Spanish Historical Heritage Act of 1985, which regulates the status of BIC (bienes de interés cultural) cultural property (both movable and immovable) and various levels of protection depending on the category, were presented. The procedure of granting BIC status and the systems for cataloguing cultural property were also discussed. The system of protection of cultural property in Spain is highly decentralized, which also applies to the functioning of museums. The Spanish Autonomous Communities have extensive regional legislation regulating the above-mentioned issues. The article analyses regional regulations in this area based on the example of the autonomous community of Catalonia – on the basis of statutory regulations in the field of culture and cultural heritage and the Catalan Historical Heritage Act of 1993. This allowed for a comprehensive presentation of the complexity of the system of cultural property protection in Spain (at the state and regional level) and prompted reflection on the legitimacy and effectiveness of decentralized solutions in this area.

Author(s):  
Hèctor LÓPEZ BOFILL

LABURPENA: Eskumenak banatzeko sistemari dagokionez, ekainaren 28ko 31/2010 Epaiak, Kataluniako Autonomia Estatutuari buruzkoak, estatutu-arauek Estatuaren eta autonomia erkidegoaren arteko eskumen-egitura modulatzeko aukera bertan behera uzten du, nahiz eta sistema konstituzionalak estatutuen xedapenei nolabaiteko protagonismo teorikoa ematen dien konstituzionaltasunaren blokea egituratzean eta eskumenak hartzean. Hala, 31/2010 Ebazpenak erakusten duenez, Auzitegi Konstituzionalak kategoria orokorren gaineko interpretazioaren monopolioa berresten du, eskumenen definizio funtzionala egiterakoan (egileak eskumen-egituraren «hiperkonstituzionalizazioa» deitzen dio fenomeno horri). Gainera, autonomia erkidegoei aitortutako eskumenen esklusibotasun-kontzeptua lausotzen du, Estatuaren oinarrizko legeriaren kontzeptu orokor material eta formalari uko egiten dio, eta autonomia-erakunde horien eskumen betearazleen irismena mugatzen du. RESUMEN: En lo referido al sistema de distribución de competencias, la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 31/2010, de 28 de junio, sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña, cierra la posibilidad de que las normas estatutarias modulen la estructura competencial entre el Estado y la Comunidad Autónoma pese al teórico protagonismo que el sistema constitucional confiere a las disposiciones estatutarias en la articulación del bloque de la constitucionalidad y en la asunción de competencias. En la doctrina emanada de la resolución 31/2010, el Tribunal Constitucional refuerza su monopolio interpretativo sobre categorías generales en la definición funcional de competencias (la llamada por el autor «hiperconstitucionalización» de la estructura competencial) diluyendo el concepto de exclusividad aplicado a las competencias reconocidas a las Comunidades Autónomas, renunciando a un concepto general material-formal de legislación básica estatal y restringiendo el alcance de las competencias ejecutivas de los mismos entes autonómicos. ABSTRACT: As far as the allocation of powers is concerned, the 31/2010 ruling by the constitutional Court, from June 28th, about the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, opens the door to the possibility that the Statute norms modulate the competences framework between the State and the Autonomous Community despite the theoretical prominence awarded to the Statute provisions for the articulation of the block of constitutionality and the assumption of competences. As the doctrine from the 31/2010 ruling by the Constitutional Court states, the Constitutional Court enhances its interpretative monopoly on the general categories regarding the functional definition of competences (the so called by the author hiperconstitutionalization of the competences framework) wakening down the concept of exclusivity applied to the competences recognized to the Autonomous Communities, renouncing to a general material-formal concept for the State basic legislation and restricting the scope of the executive competences of the Autonomous entities.


1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 451-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Lapidoth

Since the establishment of the State and up to the present day, Israeli law has had to deal with a great number of various problems in the field of international law, e.g. whether the State of Israel is a successor to the obligations of the Mandatory government; the jurisdiction of the Israeli courts with regard to offences committed in demilitarized zones or beyond the State's boundaries (on the high seas or abroad); the immunity of foreign states and their representatives from the jurisdiction of Israeli courts and from measures of execution; the status of international organizations and of their employees; the effect and implications of official acts performed within the territory of a state which is at war with Israel; the effect of international treaties in Israel; the question whether the Eastern neighbourhoods of Jerusalem are part of Israel; various issues concerning extradition, and of course, many questions regarding the laws of war: the powers of the military governor, and in particular his power to expropriate land in the territories under Israeli control and to expel residents from the territories, the extent of his legislative powers, etc.


Author(s):  
Juan Luis de Diego Arias

Dictamen del Consejo de Estado, donde se estudia la potestad tributaria de la Comunidad Autónoma y sus límites, la prohibición de la doble imposición por la LOFCA, el alcance de las cláusulas subrogatorias de los Estatutos de Autonomía, la competencia exclusiva del Estado sobre las bases y coordinación general de la sanidad y la legislación sobre productos farmacéuticos, la competencia exclusiva del Estado para la regulación de las condiciones básicas que garanticen la igualdad de todos los españoles en el ejercicio de los derechos y en el cumplimiento de los deberes constitucionales, y la distribución de competencias en materia de defensa del patrimonio cultural.Opinion of the Council of State, which studies the power to tax of the autonomous community and its limits, the prohibition of double taxation by the LOFCA, the scope of clauses subrogatorias of the statutes of autonomy, the exclusive competence of the State on the bases and general coordination of the health legislation on pharmaceuticals, the exclusive competence of the State to regulate the basic conditions that guarantee the equality of all Spaniards in the exercise of rights and in the fulfilment of the constitutional duties, and the distribution of powers in defence of cultural heritage.


Author(s):  
Isabel González Ríos

<p align="justify">Este trabajo de investigación analiza las competencias que corresponden a la Administración estatal, autonómica y local en materia de protección y fomento del patrimonio histórico y cultural, prestando especial atención a las competencias municipales; para posteriormente centrarnos en el estudio de los instrumentos de protección del patrimonio histórico andaluz, el Catálogo General y el Inventario de Bienes Reconocidos, en los que aquellas competencias se proyectan. Así, nuestro objeto de estudio son los bienes que los integran, el procedimiento de inscripción y el régimen jurídico aplicable a los titulares o poseedores de los bienes inscritos. Y todo ello, analizando no solo la Ley de Patrimonio Histórico Andaluz de 2007, sino también, la normativa estatal relacionada y la jurisprudencia referente al tema.</p> <p align="justify"><b>This work of investigation analyses the competitions that correspond to the state Administration, regional and local in matter of protection and promotion of the historical and cultural heritage, loaning special attention to the municipal competitions; for later centre us in the study of the instruments of protection of the historical heritage of Andalusia, the General Catalogue and the Inventory of Recognized Goods, in which those competitions are projected . Like this, our object of study is the goods that integrate them, the procedure of registration and the applicable juridical diet to the headlines or possessors of the goods inscribed. And all this, analyzing, not only the Law of Andalusia Historical Heritage of 2007, but also the state rule related and the jurisprudence concerning the subject.</b></p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clary Diana Santander Cjuno

El presente artículo relaciona conceptos básicos de la gestión de patrimonio y la gestión de ries- gos del patrimonio cultural (GRPC). Para abordar este tema se parte por delinear ciertos conceptos cruciales sobre patrimonio cultural, pues la teoría formulada al respecto es dinámica, cambiante y resulta de gran importancia para la sociedad actual. Para abordar la temática central se han utiliza- do conceptos vinculados con los riesgos, el patrimonio cultural y su gestión, para posteriormente integrarlos con mayor detalle al enfoque aquí abordado. Finalmente, se han incluido los aspectos más relevantes de la metodología desarrollada por el Instituto Canadiense de Conservación (CCI), el Centro Internacional de Estudios para la Conservación y la Restauración de los Bienes Culturales (ICCROM), y la Agencia de los Países Bajos para el Patrimonio Cultural (RCE). La gestión de riesgo abarca la evaluación, análisis, propuestas, planes y otros aspectos vinculados a la práctica de una organización pública/privada, con el objetivo de minimizar el riesgo en el momento de la toma de decisiones sobre la gestión del patrimonio cultural. Palabras clave.-Gestión de riesgos, patrimonio cultural, patrimonio histórico inmueble. ABSTRACTThis article connects basic concepts to heritage management and risk management of cultural heri- tage. Thus, to tackle this subject, it starts with a picture of the concepts of cultural heritage, since the theory about it is dynamic, changing, and very important for contemporary society. In order to ad- dress the central topic, concepts related to risks, cultural heritage and their management have been employed, to then integrate them with greater detail to the approach studied here. Finally, the most relevant aspects of the methodology developed by the Canadian Conservation Institute (ICC), the International Center for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) and the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) have been included. Risk management encompasses the evaluation, analysis, proposals, plans and other aspects related to the practice of a public/private organization in order to minimize risk when decision making about cultural heritage management occurs. Keywords.-Risk management, cultural heritage, historical heritage assets.


Author(s):  
O. Komandyrov ◽  
O. Levchenko ◽  
R. Kosarevska

The approval by the Ukrainian government of the concept for the introduction of BIM technologies in the construction of Ukraine provides many opportunities for the development and implementation of BIM as a tool for creating archival documentation and storing the state register of cultural heritage sites of Ukraine, in particular architectural monuments. The application of the principles of BIM technologies to historical buildings is widespread in the EU countries and allows combining 3D-models with textual information (databases) and is included in international practice as HBIM (BIM technologies applicable to the sites of historical heritage). The proposed method of modeling and description using software tools, applying the best excellent achievements, allows improving the state of registration of historical sites, architectural monuments and urban planning on the territory of Ukraine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4664
Author(s):  
Jiae Han

As a representation of Korea’s modern architecture, Kim Swoo Geun described the Space Group of Korea Building as an “enclosed but endless space”. The Space Group Building is currently Korea’s Registered Cultural Heritage No. 586. Its name was changed to Arario Museum in Space; since 2013, it has been used as a museum. This study aims to reveal what spatial features of the Arario Museum have value as cultural heritage to make its sustainable architectural message. This research will analyze spatial traits within thresholds, beyond the general spatial traits of the architecture itself. The threshold gives Arario Museum meaning as a registered cultural property of Korea. The fundamental methodology to analyze the issue of threshold is to document the architectural experience based on the architect’s interviews, sketches and diagrams for design intention and strategy. Kim’s space displays the unification of physical structure and invisible phenomenon and cognition. The definition of threshold and the elements that constitute it discussed in this research were those that cover such multileveled concepts as materials that constitute the threshold. In addition, the phenomenon and status of these elements extracted in such manner being actually dispersed was verified, and the obtained characteristics of the threshold can result in the following: the concealment, juxtaposition, and flexibility are ultimately expanded to the ambiguity which is unique to Arario Museum in Space. Concealment started from observing the surface of threshold itself, and juxtaposition is the relational interpretation among the various elements. After the analysis on the dispersion and contacts, the status and phenomena of the building’s thresholds were concluded as a flexibility connection to its heritage value.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Гончаров ◽  
А.В. Крюков

Цель статьи – определить правовой статус и особенности государственной охраны объектов культурного наследия, созданных для увековечения событий военной истории, а также принадлежащих к произведениям монументального искусства. Исследование выполнено на материалах ведомственного архива управления государственной охраны объектов культурного наследия Краснодарского края, использованы национальные стандарты Российской Федерации, акты федерального и регионального законодательства. Изучены проблемы, связанные с правоприменительной практикой в отношении братских могил воинов и отдельных памятников, содержащих в своем составе военную технику, тиражированные монументы и обелиски из листового железа. Определено, что в каждом конкретном случае юридический статус и особенности государственной охраны рассмотренных монументов могут быть установлены с опорой на нормативно-техническую документацию (национальный стандарт), в большинстве случаев содержащую достаточно точные определения этих объектов. The aim of the study is to determine the status and peculiarities of the state protection of cultural heritage objects, which were created in order to perpetuate military history and are works of monumental art, within the framework of the current Russian legislation. The materials used in the article mainly relate to the regulatory framework for the protection of monuments in Krasnodar Krai. The study is based on documents from the departmental archive of the regional Office of State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects of Krasnodar Krai, on national standards of the Russian Federation, and on acts of federal and regional legislation. The study uses historical legal, formal legal, and comparative legal methods, as well as methods of interpretation of law and logical methods. The authors examine the novelties of the Russian legislation affecting the establishment of protective zones around the monuments of architecture and urban construction and note that the acts of Krasnodar Krai also prescribe the arrangement of such zones for monuments containing burials and monuments of monumental art. The authors formulate questions related to the law enforcement practice in relation to the mass graves of soldiers and to individual monuments containing military equipment, replicated monuments, and obelisks made of sheet iron. The authors analyze the national standard of the Russian Federation, “Cultural Heritage Preservation. Terms and Definitions”, and give examples of checks for compliance with the terms in the standard at individual objects of cultural heritage. The analysis of the status of monuments containing military equipment is based on methodological recommendations published in the 1980s. They prescribed state protection for monuments made at a high artistic level from durable materials, but in practice these requirements were rarely met. The authors conclude that, along with samples of military equipment, works of architecture or sculpture created in honor of specific historical events, including guns or transport-combat vehicles installed on pedestals, are subject to state protection. It is the presence of an architectural base that allows classifying such objects with the term “monument”. In each specific case, the legal status and features of the state protection of the monuments considered in the article can be established based on the regulatory and technical documents (national standard) that contain sufficiently accurate definitions of these objects.


Author(s):  
Anna Mulà

La Ley 28/2010, de 3 de agosto, que prohibió corridas de toros en Catalunya, fue recurrida por el partido popular. Seis años después, el Tribunal Constitucional estimó el recurso mediante la Sentencia 177/2016, del Tribunal Constitucional, analizándolo desde la perspectiva competencial, pero en una clara contradicción e inconsistencia respecto a resoluciones anteriormente dictadas. Se han examinado los elementos de referencia que tomó en consideración el Tribunal para concluir que la previsión autonómica invadía y menoscabía el ejercicio de las competencias estatales en materia de cultura, tomando como foco de atención la tramitación y aprobación de la Ley 18/2013, de 12 de noviembre, para la regulación de la Tauromaquia como patrimonio cultural. La Sentencia sin embargo, reconoce la protección animal como un interés o derecho protegido contrapuesto a la tauromaquia, razón por la cual acaba admitiendo que las Comunidades Autónomas tiene potestades plenas para regular, y no prohibir, las corridas de toros en aras a garantizar la protección y el cuidado de los animales. A raíz de esta doctrina instaurada por dicha Sentencia, se ha realizado un análisis jurídico del alcance de la normativa vigente en materia taurina y protección de los animales a nivel estatal y autonómico, que concluye que dentro de los parámetros constitucionales y límites legales, las Comunidades Autónomas están legitimadas para regular dicho espectáculo incorporando aquellos condicionantes que tengan como finalidad la protección de los animales. Tal es el caso de la reciente Ley 9/2017, de 3 de agosto, de regulación de las corridas de toros y de protección de los animales en las Iles Balears.Act 28/2010, of August 3, which prohibited bullfights in Catalonia, was appealed by the popular party. Six years later, the Constitutional Court (Judgment 177/2016) upheld the appeal analysing it from a competence perspective, but in a clear contradiction and inconsistency with previous rulings. The reference elements that the Court took into consideration to conclude that the autonomic law invaded and impaired the exercise of state powers in the field of culture, are analysed, taking as focus of attention the processing and approval of Law 18/2013, of November 12, for the regulation of Bullfighting as cultural heritage. The judgment recognizes animal welfare as an interest or right protected opposed to bullfighting, admitting that the Autonomous Communities have full powers to regulate bullfights in order to ensure protection and care of the animals. As a result of the doctrine established by the Judgment, a legal analysis of the scope of the current legislation on bullfighting and protection of animals at the State and Autonomic level has been carried out, concluding that the autonomous community are within constitutional parameters and legal limits, entitled to regulate bullfighting incorporating those requirements which are designed to protect the bull. Such is the case of the recent Law 9/2017, of August 3, regulating bullfighting and animal protection in the Balearic Islands.


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