scholarly journals Improvement of Information Technology and Its Impact on Information Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Vadim Avdeevich Avdeev ◽  
◽  
Olga Anatolievna Avdeeva ◽  
Vera Vladimirovna Smirnova ◽  
Ilya Mihajlovich Rassolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Legal Policy

The article reveals the problems of information security in modern conditions with the globalization of international life, changing polycentric relations, taking into account the high rates of development in technical and information resources. The special importance of ensuring information security as an object of legal protection protected by international and national law is noted. The issues of eliminating conflicts in the norms of international law, preventing the possibility of their spreading to the territory of individual sovereign states, are being addressed. The correlation between the norms of international and national law emphasizes the expediency of improvement and adoption of new normative legal acts of universal and regional significance which can be used by member states when innovating national criminal and other sectoral legislation. It is a priority to improve international and national legal policy for the modernization of national legal systems for the prevention and combating of cybercrime. An effective mechanism of legal regulation for the objects to be legally protected is of fundamental importance for ensuring information security. Particular attention is focused on solving the issues of detection, disclosure and accurate legal evaluation of crimes and offences committed in cyberspace. The importance of the international community to establish universal standards to ensure information security is emphasized

scholarly journals The main directions of improving the legal policy to ensure information security in the context of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
V.A. Avdeev ◽  
◽  
O.A. Avdeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
International Community ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
Legal Assessment

The article reveals the problems of ensuring information security in the context of modern globalization of international life, high rates of development of technical and information resources. The relevance of optimization of tools in the field of information security is noted. The priority role is given to the improvement of criminal and other sectoral legislation aimed at prevention, prevention, counteraction to crimes and offenses in the field of computer information. Particular importance in the field of information security is given to the criminallegal regulation of objects of criminal-legal protection. Close attention is paid to the issues of detection, disclosure and accurate legal assessment of crimes and offenses implemented in cyberspace. The importance of the international community in setting universal standards for information security is emphasized.

scholarly journals International Legal Protection of Animals: Problems and Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
S. I. Tsygantsova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Legal Policy

INTRODUCTION. The purpose of this work is to identify the main problems of modern international legal protection of animals and the theoretical justification of the need to change their legal status (regime). The main task of the research is to study modern concepts that have already become the basis of international legal acts for the protection of various categories of animals, as well as ideas that have sufficient potential to lay the foundation for a more conscious attitude to other biological species. Furthermore, the research highlights significant shortcomings of the global legal policy on animal protection, which hinder the achievement of the main goals of international cooperation in this area. The research also suggests new approaches that can solve both ethical and environmental problems of human-animal relationships in the very near future. In addition, this scientific work provides various philosophical and legal arguments that confirm the need to assign a special legal status to animals.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research examines the doctrinal positions of mainly foreign researchers and legal experts dealing with the problems of international legal protection of animals. This study uses the norms of some international legal agreements of a global and regional nature, as well as the provisions of recommendation documents. The research used general theoretical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, deduction, abstraction, generalization, idealization, analogy, modeling, concretization, logical, systematic and comparative approaches) and special legal methods (historical-legal, formal-legal and the method of legal forecasting).RESEARCH RESULTS. Based on the results of the study, the author identifies the main problems of international legal regulation of relations on the conservation of biodiversity in the framework of the implementation of the concepts of environmental protection and sustainable development. In addition, the study highlights the most important achievements and significant gaps in the EU's legal policy on animal welfare. Through the synthesis and generalization of the main provisions of the concept of well-being and the concept of animal rights, this scientific work forms an idea of the most successful model of international legal protection of animals. Based on the obtained result, the study predicts the inevitable change in their legal status (regime) and the revision of the existing anthropocentric paradigm of modern legal science.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The vast majority of existing international legal agreements on the protection and use of animals protect the secondary interests of modern consumer society, where animals have a rank based on their usefulness, without taking into account their immanent value. If the trends of recent decades continue, the environmental goals set by international environmental law will remain unattainable. In order to solve a layer of ethical and environmental problems, it is necessary to abandon the anthropocentric approach, which permeates the entire system of international law, in favor of a more perfect organization of human relations with nature (for example, in favor of anthropocosmocentrism, cosmocentrism, biocentrism, etc.). In addition, the identification of animals with property does not correspond to modern ideas about them as sentient beings. It is unacceptable to treat them as «things» within the framework of national legal systems and international law. Regardless of whether they will have legal capacity or will lead a new, specific category of persons, animals must have a certain set of international legal guarantees.

NATIONAL MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF CROSS-BORDER COPYRIGHT RELATIONS AIMED AT PROTECTION OF ORPHAN WORKS

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
G. K. Dmitrieva ◽  
O. V. Lutkova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Copyright Holder ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Eu

The article has investigated the mechanisms of the national (both legal and non-legal) regulation of orphan works, i.e. works the holder (holders) of rights to which is (are) not identified and/or the location of the rights-holder is not established. Orphan works are supposedly protected by copyright, which means the validity of exclusive rights and the potential need to obtain permission from the copyright holder for any form of using the works under consideration, namely: reproduction including digitization, translation, processing, etc. However, in a situation where the right holder is not determined (is unavailable), the user does not have an objective opportunity to obtain such a permission, and the work actually remains unknown to the society, although it can be of artistic, cultural or historical value. Since the beginning of the new millennium, the national legal systems of a number of States have establish a special regime for the legal protection of orphan works, and about 20 states of the world have developed the foundations of such a regime so far. The article analyzes the regulation of orphan works in several states — in the EU and its member states, Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Korea, Japan, India. The authors have determined the foundations of the substantive and conflict of laws regulation of cross-border relations regulating orphan works. Features of regulation of works with an unidentified author in the era of a network society are highlighted: in particular, the need to digitize orphan works, since many of them are in a single copy on the medium ruined by time, and the fact that the digitized work can instantly spread from databases to other jurisdictions. The authors provide for the forecast of possible ways of evolution of legal regulation of relations in question with the use of mechanisms of national and international law.

scholarly journals International Environmental Protection in Armed Conflicts: Traditional Legal Regulation and Interpretation Novelties

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
N. A. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Wide Range

The paper is devoted to international legal protection of the environment during armed conflicts. The author emphasizes that armed conflicts, both international and non-international, continue to be one of the most serious threats to a healthy environment. An armed conflict taking place in the environment invariably poses a threat to ecosystems.The author summarizes that in international law there are special norms for the protection of natural environment during armed conflicts. At the same time, increasing the level of protection requires a clearer definition of the scope of application of customary law and the further development of treaty rules. While the objectives of protecting the natural environment are linked to the survival and protection of civilians, recognition of environmental protection during armed conflict as such constitutes an important trend. International law calls on States to enter into agreements that provide for additional protection of the natural environment during armed conflicts. The concept of “protecting the natural environment” in international humanitarian law refers to a wide range of obligations that can help protect the natural environment or its parts from damage. A high threshold for potential harm continues to pose the risk that such protection is not fully applicable in practice. There is an obvious tendency to use the potential of the principles of international environmental law when applying the norms of international humanitarian law. Thus, even in cases where the assessment of new means and methods of warfare does not provide scientific certainty with regard to their impact on the natural environment, this does not absolve the parties to the conflict from taking appropriate precautions. It is not enough that there are important rules of international humanitarian law protecting the natural environment during armed conflict; they need to be better disseminated, implemented and enforced, as well as validated and clarified.

scholarly journals Information Security of Critically Important Information Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9030-9034
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
System Information

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concepts related to the information security of critically important information systems in Russia. Today, problems exist, which are associated with numerous threats to Russian information security due to the rapidly increasing role of the information sphere. To solve these problems, an effective mechanism is needed to prevent and eliminate these threats. To develop the organizational and legal basis of the mechanism, it is necessary to define a number of concepts, such as information security, critically important information system, information infrastructure, etc. The authors explore Russian legal regulation, as well as international experience and research on this topic. The article shows the main sources of information security threats and defines general principles and approaches to ensuring information security of critically important information systems. The concept and types of critically important information systems are identified and the necessity of developing and improving their legal regulation is substantiated. A number of legal and organizational measures aimed at ensuring the information system security of Russian infrastructure are proposed.

scholarly journals Prospects and current status of defence information security in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 513-524
Author(s):  
Olha O. Zolotar ◽  
Mykola M. Zaitsev ◽  
Vitalii V. Topolnitskyi ◽  
Kostiantyn I. Bieliakov ◽  
Ihor M. Koropatnik
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Security ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Current Status ◽  
State Security ◽  
Cyber Space

Relevance of the article - security has always been one of the priority issues of state policy, and considering the fact that the defense forces are an inseparable part of state security, the study of their information security is essential. The feasibility of this study is confirmed by the fact that in the current conditions of development of the information society, the information technology of the Ukrainian defence forces must adapt to the current challenges and threats, to ensure proper protection of information of strategic importance to the state and collected, consolidated and stored by the defence forces. The purpose of this article is to identify problems of information security of defence forces in Ukraine, to find ways of their elimination. Formal logical, systemic structural, comparative and legal methods were used to conduct the research. It is stated that by dividing the information space and cyber space, the legislator has laid down legal regulation of protection of the information space of the state. It is understood that the Lithuanian and Latvian forces for combating threats to the information space were consolidated within the structure of the Ministry of Defence.

scholarly journals Prohibitions in the Social and Legal Regulation: an International Aspect

2019 ◽  
pp. 2230-2240
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Mal’ko ◽  
Veronika S. Khizhniak
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Mechanism

This work is focused on the problems arising in imposing prohibitions in international relations; the authors identify the main legal and social aspects hindering creation of effective mechanism for implementing prohibitions in international relations and enlist possible ways of eliminating the possible problems. The analysis of the international legal norms of institutionalizing prohibitions and practices of their implementation revealed that an effective implementation of prohibitions is often associated with the need to amend national legislation, as well as with the presence of Russia’s own legal norms that make it possible to apply the norms of international law in the state directly, or to apply them jointly with the norms of the national law. The absence of a universal international instrument governing the responsibility of states for breaching legal prohibitions makes it difficult to implement these prohibitions and comply with them, although states may follow the rules of the “Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts” as a document stating moral (political) prescriptions. The main problems cumbering the development of an effective mechanism for implementation of prohibitions are the following: the absence of agreed international and domestic legal mechanisms for implementation of prohibitions; the reluctance of states to bear responsibilities; the attempts to mitigate the prosecution of citizens, especially officials; and failures to take adequate legal measures for resolving the problem. The authors necessitate adoption of documents that could regulate the issues of international legal responsibility, though in a unipolar world it is very problematic and can even aggravate the situation. The mechanism developed under such conditions can reflect the position of only one state and therefore can result in consolidating an undesirable hierarchy of states in international relations. An effective legal mechanism of responsibility for the violation of prohibitions in international relations can arise only in a multipolar world. It is also necessary to abide the basic principles of international law, to strengthen international cooperation and improve the mechanisms of international legal regulation. These efforts also call forth the establishment of a multipolar world

scholarly journals International legal regulation of the rights of persons with disabilities: problems of formation and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovich Maidanik
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Disability Policy ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Legal Documents

At the level of international legal regulation disability policy is currently one of the priority areas. However, such attention to the international legal protection of the rights of persons with disabilities has not always been the case, as the problems of persons with disabilities have long remained unnoticed by the international community. Rare attempts to improve the situation with persons with disabilities were usually limited to medical protection and integration into the labor market, while the task of their full and actual involvement in public life was not even set. The article analyzes the preconditions, reasons and features of the evolution of the system of international legal protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, as well as examines the transformation of approaches to defining the concept of "disability" at the level of international law. The article defines the main stages of the formation of international cooperation in the field of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. The article presents the results of the analysis of international legal documents on disability policy for the period from the beginning of the twentieth century to 2020.

scholarly journals Information security policy in the systems of information and analytical maintenance for support of organizational decisions

2016 ◽  
pp. 097-103
Author(s):  
S.M. Churubrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Technology Support ◽  
Information Security Policy ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Information Technology Support ◽  
And Control ◽  
Information Objects

This article describes an information security policy in systems of support of organizational decisions. It defines the basic requirements for the protection of information objects, information resources and features of functioning Intellectual information technology support organizational decisions are described. The general rules and regulations separation and control access based on ABAC model are developed.

scholarly journals DEA-Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of The Country’s Information Security System

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Hanna Yarovenko ◽  
Olha Kuzmenko ◽  
Mario Stumpo
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Security System ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Threat Index

The consequences of the fourth industrial revolution caused an increase in the level of computerization and digitalization of society, which led to problems related to the protection of information of individual users, companies and the state as a whole. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of the information security system of countries in terms of its ability to counter information threats. Two groups of input indicators were used for this purpose. The first group was formed by 12 indicators of the country’s world development, which were selected from the World Bank database and based on the results of correlation analysis. The second group includes 5 information technology indicators that characterize certain areas of information security: information technology development, digitalization of the country, countries’ commitment to cybersecurity, readiness to counter cyber threats and use the latest information and communication technologies. The country’s information security threat index is used as a starting point. Data from 159 countries of the world for 2018 were taken for the analysis, as for this number of countries and period there is a complete set of data on selected indicators. Country data were considered based on clusters, which allowed the use of 7 groups. The analysis was performed using the analytical tool Frontier Analyst. The study built CRR and BCC models, among which CRR was preferred, which allowed a more critical assessment of the potential of countries. The paper analyzes the structural effectiveness of socio-economic development indicators and information security indicators of countries, considering the current level of the information security threat index. As a result, the following were identified: an increase in government security spending for zero-cluster countries; the need to transform the information technology component for the countries of the first and second clusters; increasing personal protection, strengthening corruption control and legal regulation for third cluster countries; the need for economic growth and higher social standards for the fourth, fifth and sixth clusters. The obtained models allowed us to estimate the maximum level of growth of the information security threat index with the available resource potential of the country. As a result, it was found that the largest increase in the information security threat index is possible due to the existing potential of the countries of the zero and fifth clusters, which will increase the effectiveness of their response to information threats. Keywords: BBC-model, CCR-model, Data Envelopment Analysis, socio-economic development, information, threat, security.

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