An appraisal of area possessed under forage and pastures by dairy and non dairy farmers in district Mandi, Himachal Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
Maharaj Singh ◽  
Akesh Kumar ◽  
J. P. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Dairy Farmer ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Percent Area

The study was undertaken in three blocks of district Mandi and data were collected about the level of knowledge among dairy and non dairy farmers in district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh. The study reported that the highest average area under cultivated fodder found in Maize crop (0.44ha) followed by Oats (0.25ha), Sorghum (0.16ha) and Berseem (0.15ha) while per non dairy farmer the highest area (0.16ha.) recorded under Maize followed by (0.13ha) Oats, Berseem (0.11ha) and (0.08ha) under Sorghum. As the area possessed under pastures the dairy farmers noticed highest area (0.96ha.) under common pastures followed by (0.68ha) family pasture and (0.24ha). Under hortipastures while in case of per non dairy farmers the highest area (0.93ha) was found under family pasture followed by (0.91ha) common pasture and 0.36ha in hortipasture. As regards to percent area per dairy and non dairy farmers is concerned; the dairy farmers possess more area (14.17%) compared with non dairy farmers (8.43%) in forage crops while non dairy farmer possess more area (34.42%) in pasture compared to dairy farmers (26.65% area). The reasons possessing more area by non dairy farmers under pasture that the maintenance and quality of pastures was not found proper and not getting sufficient fodder out of such pastures.

scholarly journals A proposed structural approach to improve cow-claw health on Dutch dairy farms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Menno Holzhauer ◽  
Ryan J. van Egmond
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Dairy Farmer ◽  
Health Advice ◽  
Good Advice ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Despite extensive research leading to an improved understanding of the risk factors and pathogenesis of infectious and non-infectious disorders, claw health has not structurally improved in recent decades. Several studies have shown that claw disorders harm milk production, fertility and longevity of the dairy cows and job satisfaction of the farmer. This is enough reason to structurally improve claw health on dairy farms. The focus should be on a rapid curative intervention when lameness occurs and above all the prevention of claw problems. Most claw disorder diagnoses are nowadays made during regular claw trimming by the professional trimmer or the dairy farmer. Registration of the detected disorders during claw trimming is not always done consistently, so the estimated prevalence (number of cows with a claw disorder) is in most cases an underestimation of the real prevalence. The quality of these records often makes it difficult for consultants to formulate appropriate claw health advice. To be able to give good advice on claw health, insight into the prevalence of the various hoof disorders on a farm is a key condition. However, good quality advice alone is not a guarantee for an improved claw health situation on a farm. Research has shown that in addition to high quality substantiated advice, the communication style between the consultant and the dairy farmer is essential for the interpretation and motivation of the dairy farmer to implement the advice. In this paper a 7-point plan is presented as a guidance for herd advisors who want to support dairy farmers to improve claw health.

Quality of Location in Regions and Economic Efficiency of Private Companies in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Wioletta Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Evaluation of the correlation between the economic efficiency level of private companies in Poland and the quality of location in the regions was the aim of the study. Based on the conducted analyses it was established that the level of sales markets absorptiveness shows the strongest correlation with the level of economic efficiency of the companies surveyed. The majority of regions characterised by absorptive sales markets also recorded good results in economic efficiency of companies located there while voivodships with low internal demand were characterised by definitely lower efficiency. Increasingly strong correlation was also recorded between the economic efficiency level of the companies surveyed and the level of knowledge in the regions. This may be the signal that currently the location factors of "soft" nature present increasing influence on the efficiency of companies and it is not impossible that their importance will continue increasing. 

Evaluating the sufficiency of proposed security measures in favour of building objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
Josef Reitšpís ◽  
Jozefína Drotárová
Keyword(s):  
Limited Area ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Intentional Actions ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Satisfactory Answer

Security is understood as one of the basic life needs of people. However, it is necessary to realize that security is a natural quality of the environment where people live and is designated as a security environment. The need for sacurity is part of implementing sacurity measures that are created in compliance with a certain level of knowledge and needs. The content of this process can be characterized as a set of answers to primary questions (What is to be protected? – protected interest, Why to protect?, What to protect from? – threats) and secondary questions (Who will provide the protection?, How will the protection be provided?, When will the protection be provided?, By means of what will the protection be provided?, What price will the protection be provided for? etc.). From this viewpoint it is necessary to pay attention primarily to the problems concerning property protection from intentional actions focusing on protecting a particular building onject. In case of building objects it is primarily about the protection of tangible and intangible properties that are part of a particular limited area (mostly a building object) that is in possession or administration of a particular state or a private subject. The issues are dealt with by legal regulations, technical standards and various technical books. These usually concentrate on a particular area, kind of a building object and/or environment. However, none of them focuses on the property protection in a complex way and does not provide a satisfactory answer to the question "How to create protection systems in view of their sufficiency, complexity and balance in the technical and economic spheres?" That is why it is a social interest to search for new standardized procedures based on exact methods by means of which it will be possible, in empiric or intuitive ways, to exactly evaluate the effectivness of the existing or proposed property protection systems, including the formal desposition of results in project solutions Keywords: Project, Project documentation, Attack, Intervention and Detection time, Resistance of a building object, Modeling, Simulating

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of R&D Cooperation in a Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyun Xu ◽  
Dong Liang ◽  
Zhenjie Duan ◽  
Xu Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Spillovers ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Inherent Quality

R&D outsourcing becomes the often-adopted strategy for firms to innovate. However, R&D cooperation often ends up with failure because of its inherent quality of instability. One of the main reasons for cooperation failure is the opportunistic behavior. As the R&D contract between firms is inherently incomplete, opportunistic behavior always cannot be avoided in the collaborative process. R&D cooperation has been divided into horizontal and vertical types. This paper utilizes game theory to study opportunistic behavior in the vertical R&D cooperation and analyzes the equilibrium of the cooperation. Based on the equilibrium and numerical results, it is found that the vertical R&D cooperation is inherently unstable, and the downstream firm is more likely to break the agreement. The level of knowledge spillovers and the cost of R&D efforts have different effects on firms’ payoffs. When the level of knowledge spillover is low or the cost of R&D efforts is high, mechanisms such as punishment for opportunism may be more effective to guarantee the stability of cooperation.

scholarly journals Optimization of training of graduates of medical universities for primary accreditation with participation of the student-tutor

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Anna V. Turusheva ◽  
Zakhar V. Lopatin ◽  
Maria O. Bogdanova ◽  
Olga I. Frolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Training Scheme ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Student Mentor

The article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of training graduates of medical universities when a trained student is included in the educational process, able to fulfill the role of a mentor. All over the world, the number of students is increasing in medical universities every year, but there is no equivalent increase in the teaching staff. One of the potential methods of overcoming the above problems is the use of trained mentors from among peer students. This method was used when students practiced practical skills in a simulation center in anticipation of primary accreditation. The purpose of the study is to optimize the preparation of students for a practical exam in a simulation environment with the help of a student mentor. Of the 468 students of the medical faculty of the North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, studying in the VI year, was chosen by their colleague, who was trained at the center of simulation technology. A sample of 100 graduates was randomly generated, which were randomized into two groups of 50 people each (the main group in which the training was conducted with the participation of a mentor student and a control group trained under the guidance of teachers from one of the university departments). The most difficult for students was the station simulating the provision of emergency medical care (EMF). The evaluation checklist for checking the quality of the tasks at this station includes 233 points that must be implemented when providing EMF in 13 different situations requiring this type of medical care. To improve the quality of mastering practical skills, a training scheme was developed that allows you to learn the algorithm of actions when providing EMF. A basic assessment of students knowledge and skills revealed a low level of knowledge of diagnostic techniques and emergency assistance. Using the developed training scheme with the help of a student mentor has significantly increased the level of knowledge and practical skills in the provision of EMF. The quality of training in the main group did not significantly differ in most of the assessed parameters from the control group in which classes were held with the teacher. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 20.0 program (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).

scholarly journals What is the knowledge of tubercular patients about risk factors contributing to development of their disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Basic Characteristics

INTRODUCTION. Present knowledge of population on basic characteristics of tuberculosis is a significant issue of prevention of tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the level of knowledge on risk factors of tuberculosis among tubercular patients. METHOD. A total of 115 new patients with the active pulmonary tuberculosis were interviewed by means of anonymous questionnaire, who has been treated at the Institute of Pulmonary Diseases, Sremska Kamenica during six-month period (October 2003-March 2004). RESULTS. The patients fulfilled the questionnaire; 37.6 % had no or finished only elementary school, and 58.6 % considered genetics the main risk factor of tuberculosis. Every second patient believed that he could not catch tuberculosis if he suffered from diabetes mellitus or any kind of tumor. 8.7 % of patients who suffered from diabetes mellitus had been informed by their physicians that could catch tuberculosis one day. Every third patient did not possess sewage system and nearly 20% lived in moist flats. Around 85% had no regular salaries or these were significantly under the average Serbian income per capita in this period (12820 dinars-CSD). Leading risk factors that can contribute to development of tuberculosis were as follows: irregular nutrition (91.4 %), smoking (74.2 %), alcohol consumption (65.5%) and associated diseases (diabetes mellitus, tumors). Only 15% of them believed that all these risk factors (smoking, alcohol, irregular diet) could participate together in development of tuberculosis, and not as individual factors. Analyzing the patients? knowledge on risk factors of tuberculosis, in relation to their educational level and alcohol and cigarettes consumption, there was no significant difference (p<0.05). Nevertheless, analyzing the quality of life in patients? houses, in relation to salary and bad habits (alcohol, cigarettes) as risk factors of tuberculosis, significant statistical difference was found (p>0.05). CONCLUSION. Intensive and permanent education of population is necessary primarily considering the knowledge on tuberculosis that would be the basis of reducing the number of patients and leading to possible eradication of this disease.

scholarly journals TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS TENTANG STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT DAN PENUNJANG PELAYANAN KEGAWATDARURATAN RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG TAHUN 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Made Riastuti Sumandari ◽  
Rina Listyowati
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Service Standards

ABSTRAK Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Klungkung sebagai rumah sakit yang sudah menerapkan Pengelolaan Keuangan Badan Layanan Umum terus meningkatkan dan mengembangkan mutu pelayanan, terutama mutu pelayanan kegawatdaruratan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan petugas di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan Penunjang Pelayanan Kegawatdaruratan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Klungkung tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh petugas yang bekerja di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan penunjang pelayanan kegawatdaruratan. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini 94 petugas dengan teknik pengumpulan sampel yaitu total sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menyebarkan kuesioner dan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis univariat.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah mayoritas petugas memiliki pengetahuan baik mengenai SPM yaitu sebesar 86,17% sedangkan 13,83% memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik. Dilihat dari tingkat pengetahuan berdasarkan karakteristik, pengetahuan baik sebagian besar pada umur umur ?30 (88,14%), jenis kelamin perempuan (96,23%), pendidikan DIII (87,93%) dan masa kerja >10 tahun (88,46%). Saran yang bisa diberikan kepada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Klungkung, sebaiknya rumah sakit memberikan sosialisasi kepada seluruh petugas mengenai SPM dengan rutin dan terjadwal sehingga petugas mendapatkan informasi mengenai SPM merata. Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pengetahuan, Standar Pelayanan Minimal ABSTRACT Klungkung Regency Regional General Hospital as a hospital that has implemented Financial Management Public Service Agency continues to improve and develop the quality of services, especially the quality of emergency services. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of officers in the Emergency Installation and Supporting Emergency Services of the Klungkung Regency General Hospital on Minimum Service Standards. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all officers who worked in the Emergency Installation and supporting emergency services. The number of samples in this study were 94 officers with total sample collection techniques. Data collection techniques in this study are by distributing questionnaires and data analysis used is univariate analysis. The results of this study were that the majority of officers had good knowledge of MSS, amounting to 86.17% while 13.83% had poor knowledge. Judging from the level of knowledge based on characteristics, good knowledge is mostly at the age of ?30 (88.14%), female gender (96.23%), DIII education (87.93%) and years of service> 10 years (88, 46%). Suggestions that can be given to the Klungkung Regency Regional General Hospital, the hospital should provide information to all officers on MSS routinely and on a regular basis so that officials get information about SPM evenly. Keywords: Knowledge Level, Minimum Service Standards.

scholarly journals Tall fescue use on dairy farms

1997 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Milne ◽  
R. Shaw ◽  
R. Powell ◽  
B. Pirie ◽  
J. Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Summer Growth

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is now well proven on New Zealand dairy farms as a pasture species capable of producing high levels of milk production. Compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) it offers benefits of higher annual and summer growth, higher clover contents in pasture, higher green leaf to stem ratios in summer, reduced plant pulling, better animal health, grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) tolerance, tolerance of wet soils, and drought tolerance and growth. Tall fescue can be recommended for dairy farmers in areas where summer growth and quality of ryegrass is reduced by moisture stress or high temperatures, and for those willing to adjust their grazing and establishment practices to suit tall fescue. Keywords: dairy farms, Festuca arundinacea, tall fescue

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